英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是針對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行研究后,系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)歸納出來(lái)的一系列語(yǔ)言規(guī)則.下面小編為大家?guī)?lái)英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句,希望大家喜歡!
英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句 篇1
概念
被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo).關(guān)系代詞必須放在定語(yǔ)從句之首.定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出.
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致.
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見(jiàn)你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書.
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的'繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ).
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方.
英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句 篇2
定語(yǔ)從句:一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做定語(yǔ)從句.在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分.被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.
【關(guān)系詞的特定選擇】
1、只用that不用which
1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí),關(guān)系詞用that.
2)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),用that.
3)當(dāng)先行詞帶有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等詞時(shí),用that.
4)當(dāng)主句中有who或which時(shí),為避免重復(fù)用that.
5)當(dāng)先行詞為something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代詞時(shí)用that.
2、只用who不用that
1)如果先行詞是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one時(shí)用who
2)當(dāng)先行詞指人并含有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)從句或在被分割的定語(yǔ)從句中時(shí).
3、只用which不用that
1)當(dāng)主句先行詞后有介詞時(shí),用which.例:This is the one of which I'm speaking.
2)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,用which.
3) 描述句中一般用which.例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years.
4)those +復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.
5)先行詞本身是that時(shí),用which.
英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句 篇3
一、定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that,as;關(guān)系副詞when,where,why.定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用主要看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分或者是定語(yǔ)從句中缺什么成分.
1．定語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ),修飾人時(shí)用who ／that,修飾物時(shí)用which ／that引導(dǎo).如:
Is this the factory which ／that makes TV sets?
The man who ／that visited our school is from Australia．
2．從句中缺賓語(yǔ),修飾人時(shí)用 who ／whom ／that或省略引導(dǎo)詞;修飾物時(shí)用which ／that或省略引導(dǎo)詞.如:
Gone are the days which ／that we spent together in the village．
He is the man who ／whom ／that I think to be worthy of our praise．
3．從句中缺時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),用when或介詞＋which引導(dǎo).如:
The day finally came when ／on which I was given a job．
We'll put off the outing until next week,when we won't be so busy．
4．從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),用where或介詞＋which引導(dǎo).如:
Please put the letter on the desk where ／on which he can easily find it．
5．從句中缺原因狀語(yǔ)或先行詞是 reason時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用why ／for which ／ that.如:
This is the reason why ／for which ／ that he didn't come to the meeting．
6．從句中缺定語(yǔ),人和物都用 whose引導(dǎo).如:
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan．
Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black．
7．當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí),其定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用in which ／that.如:
The way in which ／that he looks at problems is wrong．
二、引導(dǎo)詞as可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
1．在固定詞組the same．．．a(chǎn)s,such．．．a(chǎn)s中,as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句.如:
He is not such a fool as he looks．
I've bought the same dress as she is wearing．
2．當(dāng)先行詞是整個(gè)主句時(shí),可用 as ／which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.引導(dǎo)詞as和which的區(qū)別在于:
①as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后,而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句后或句中.
②as常與從句中的know,see,hear,expect等動(dòng)詞連用,也常用于as often happens,as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中;而which一般不用于以上情況.
�、踑s有“正如”的含義,which沒(méi)有此含義.如:
As is well known,Shanghai is a big city．
Some of the roads were flooded,which made our journey more difficult．
三、關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which和as能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,而that不能;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中即使缺賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞也不能省略;關(guān)系副詞when,where能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,而why不能.如:
Abraham Lincoln,who led the United States through the Civil War years,was shot on April 14,1865．
四、先行詞是物時(shí),其引導(dǎo)詞可用 which也可用that,通常情況下二者可互換,但在有些情況下不能.
1．用which不用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的三種情況:
�、俜窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句用which,不用that引導(dǎo).如:
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world．
�、谙刃性~為that時(shí),為了避免重
復(fù),定語(yǔ)從句用which不用that引導(dǎo).如:
That which you borrowed from me wasn't a real diamond necklace．
③介詞后用which不用that引導(dǎo).如:
The method with which you solved the problem is very good．
2．用that不用which的七種情況:
�、傧刃性~前有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),用 that不用which引導(dǎo).如:
This is the best place that I have ever visited．
The second question that is asked is why we don't fall off the earth．
�、谙刃性~為little,much,all,none,few,(the)one,something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí),用that引導(dǎo).如:
There is nothing in the world that can frighten him．
�、巯刃性~既有指人的名詞又有指物的名詞時(shí),用 that引導(dǎo).如:
He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited．
�、芟刃性~前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little,much,(the)very,(the)only,(the)last等詞修飾時(shí),用 that引導(dǎo).如:
This is the very coat that I need．
Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?
⑤先行詞為which時(shí),為了避免重復(fù),用that引導(dǎo).如:
Which is the book that you bought yesterday?
�、尴刃性~在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo).如:
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930's．
⑦當(dāng)主句是There be．．．句型時(shí),用that引導(dǎo).
There are two tickets for the film that are for you two．
五、在“one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞保持一致;當(dāng)one前有the only修飾時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與the only one保持一致.如:
He was one of the students who were late for class．
He was the only one of the students who was late for class．
六、引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞或短語(yǔ)介詞時(shí),修飾人只能用 whom,修飾物只能用which引導(dǎo).如:
My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke．
The man,by whom the wolf was shot,is called Jackson．
英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句 篇4
定語(yǔ)從句公式
定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句
先行詞
指被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子.
一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面.
關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用:
�、龠B接作用,連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句.
�、谥复刃性~.
�、墼诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分.
注:關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)之分.一般who做主語(yǔ)或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(yǔ)(whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略),whose作為定語(yǔ)(whose不可省略).關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)等,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(where),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(when),原因狀語(yǔ)(why).
定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞,是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞表示的)漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示.主要由形容詞擔(dān)任,此外,名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任.單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語(yǔ).短語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語(yǔ).
被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞.如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那個(gè)喜歡唱歌的女孩.
這就是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句.
限定性定語(yǔ)從句
意義:
限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確.限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整,例如I met some one who said he knows you.
在引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which,at which,for which或on which
(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對(duì)白日做夢(mèng)的態(tài)度正在改變,這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處.
(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂(lè),而他恰恰與我相反.
(3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了.
在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略.
(1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在讀的書很有趣.
(2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎?
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句意義:
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),如
(1)The house,which I bought has a lovely garden. 我買的房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園.
(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)三遍的小說(shuō)很感人.
1.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句可將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如:
(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思,這使我心煩.
(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?這就叫做蒸發(fā).
2. 在非限定定語(yǔ)從句中,有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞,若as在從句中作主語(yǔ),其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中.例如:
(1)The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我們所預(yù)料的那樣,這個(gè)男孩取得了大的進(jìn)步.
(2) As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每個(gè)人都知道,中國(guó)是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國(guó)家.
3. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,不能用從句做主語(yǔ)
(1)The boys ,who are playing football ,are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩們是一班的.
(2)I helped an old man ,who lost his way ,yesterday . 昨天,我?guī)椭艘粋�(gè)迷路的老人.
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