定語從句例句whom
定語從句，是指一類由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語，下面小編為大家?guī)矶ㄕZ從句例句whom，希望大家喜歡！
1.who指人在從句中做主語
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩們是一班的.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天，我?guī)椭艘粋�迷路的老人.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，�？墒÷�。（注：who和whom已無太大區(qū)別，可以通用。）
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 劉先生就是在公交車上和你聊天的那個人.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想見的那個男孩.
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你剛剛見到的那個人就是我的朋友.
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
如果在從句中做賓語,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那個和我聊天的男人.
如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那個有英語書的男人.
3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的游戲.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天剛買的鋼筆.
4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。
在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
6.定語從句的譯法：前置法
把英語原文的定語從句翻譯成帶“的”的定語詞組, 放置于被修飾的詞之前, 將英語原文的`復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語的簡單句, 這種方法一般用于限制性定語從句比較短的情況。
一些較短的具有描述性的非限制性定語從句也可采用前置法, 但沒有限制性定語從句使用得普遍。例如:
例1.For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.
例如, 友誼的一個作用似乎是支持我們在自己心目中的形象, 并使我們持有的價(jià)值觀念更加堅(jiān)定。
例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.
如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比較的話, 那么對所有被比較者來說, 前兩個因素 必須是一樣的。
例3.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety.
第一種方法是同義詞法, 即給出一個與 要釋義的詞在意義上幾乎相同的, 如用face表示countenance, 用nervousness表示anxiety.
例4.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.
相反, 行為主義者認(rèn)為, 成績的差異是由于黑人常常被剝奪了白人在教育及其他外界環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件而造成的。
例5.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations.
科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動的必要表達(dá)方式, 也就是對一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行 思考并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達(dá)方式。
例6.A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.
附近沒有同齡伙伴和自己玩的兒童，上托兒所可以得到很多的益處。
7.關(guān)系分類
關(guān)系從句有限制性關(guān)系從句（英語：restrictive relative clause或defining relative clause）和非限制性關(guān)系從句（英語：non-restrictive relative clause）之分。限制性關(guān)系從句起限定作用，修飾特定的名詞或名詞短語；而非限制性關(guān)系從句只起補(bǔ)充說明某種信息的作用。例如：
The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.（限制性關(guān)系從句，指任何一個減稅的政府）
The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular. （非限制性關(guān)系從句，補(bǔ)充說明（現(xiàn)任的）政府的情況）
There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury. （限制性關(guān)系從句，指逃出來的乘客大多受了傷）
There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury. （非限制性關(guān)系從句，指游客人數(shù)本來就很少，這些游客都逃了出來且沒有受傷）
7.1.限制性關(guān)系從句
從語義上看，限制性關(guān)系從句主要起限定作用，修飾特定的人或事物，如果去掉限制性定語從句，整個句子表意會不完整甚至不通順；從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，限制性關(guān)系從句常緊跟先行詞，并且同先行詞之間一般不加逗號分隔（但不是絕對的）。
限制性關(guān)系從句的關(guān)系詞包括：that, which, who, whom, whose, as, than等。
7.2.非限制性關(guān)系從句
從語義上看，非限制性關(guān)系從句主要起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個并列分句或狀語從句，可以表達(dá)原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等意義。例如：
Dr Lee, who had read through the instructions carefully before doing his experiments, did not obtain satisfactory results. （非限制性關(guān)系從句表示讓步的意義，相當(dāng)于though Dr Lee had read through the instructions...）
非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞包括：which, who, whom, whose, as等，另外that在非限制性關(guān)系從句中并非絕對不可使用。
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