定語(yǔ)從句實(shí)例解析
英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)有很大的不同。漢語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)只能前置,而英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)既可前置也可后置。兩者的不同,不僅表現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上,也表現(xiàn)在意義上。英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)從原因、結(jié)果、目的或條件等方面對(duì)中心詞加以限定。因此,在對(duì)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文邏輯關(guān)系深刻理解的前提下,為了更明確地表明這種邏輯關(guān)系,可以將定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成相應(yīng)的.狀語(yǔ)從句。同時(shí)值得注意的是,定語(yǔ)從句與中心詞之間常有分割成分,而該分割成分中與定語(yǔ)從句緊挨著的名詞,常常會(huì)被誤認(rèn)為定語(yǔ)從句的中心詞。
因此,遇到這種結(jié)構(gòu),一定要根據(jù)上下文和常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。翻譯定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可采用提前譯、順序譯、分譯或轉(zhuǎn)譯等多種方法。
1. As far as the third factor is concerned,the history of science shows many instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation;in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down,as happened in cosmology,for example.
第一層: As far as the third factor is concerned ,狀語(yǔ)從句1 the history 主 of science 定 shows 謂 many 定 instances 賓 in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly power- 定語(yǔ)從句 ful resistance to further investigation ; in some cases 狀 centuries 主 elapsed 謂 before this resistance was eventually broken down,as 狀語(yǔ)從句2 happened in cosmology,for example.
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