如果全篇充滿了冗長(zhǎng)的復(fù)雜句讀起來(lái)也很費(fèi)力,總之作者可根據(jù)情況使句子多樣化使文章靈活多姿,人們最喜歡采用復(fù)雜句尤其是和這兩款接著便是并列句,把句中的表語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為不同的修飾語(yǔ)。
讓句子多樣化
如何讓句子多樣化
一篇好文章的條件很多。除了內(nèi)容豐富和組織緊密之外,詞匯的運(yùn)用和句子的處理,也起著決定性作用
句子可長(zhǎng)可短,同一件事,可以用不同的句式表達(dá)。如果句子清一色是簡(jiǎn)單句,文章必定很單調(diào)乏味。如果全篇充滿了冗長(zhǎng)的復(fù)雜句,讀起來(lái)也很費(fèi)力。最好的方法是以簡(jiǎn)單句為基礎(chǔ),配合適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘芯浜蛷?fù)雜句。簡(jiǎn)單句可長(zhǎng)可短,通常要加些附屬成分,如分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞短語(yǔ)、不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),以及節(jié)縮成分。
總之,作者可根據(jù)情況,使句子多樣化,使文章靈活多姿。例如下列五個(gè)句子的基本概念一樣,但是句式不同,內(nèi)容重點(diǎn)也有些差別:
(1)Thegoatsgrazedpeacefullyinthefarmandwereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(并列分句(1)+2)
(2)Grazingpeacefully,thegoatsinthefarmwereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(現(xiàn)在分語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)+簡(jiǎn)單句)
(3)Inthefarm,thegoatsgrazedpeacefullyandwereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(副詞短語(yǔ)+并列分句(1)-(2))
(4)Thereweregoatsgrazingpeacefullyinthefarm,unawareoftheapproachinghunter.(簡(jiǎn)單句+形容語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))
(5)Asthegoatsgrazedpeacefullyinthefarm,theywereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(原因副詞從句+主句)
(1)和(5)的句式最常見(jiàn);如果加上其他三種互相交替,句子不是更多樣化嗎?
最后,看看這兩個(gè)句子要怎樣多樣化呢?
(6)Theyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastraining.
(7)Hefeltveryuneasy.
------------------------------------------------------
(a)Theyoungpilotonhisfirstoverseastrainingfeltveryuneasy.
(b)Theyoungpilotfeltveryuneasyduringhisfirstoverseastraining.
(c)Theyoungpilot''sfirstoverseastrainingmadehimfeelveryuneasy.
(d)Extremeuneasineseizedtheyoungpilotonhisfirstoverseastraining.
(e)Theyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastraining,feelingveryuneasy.
(f)Itbeinghisfirstoverseastraining,theyoungpilotfeltveryuneasy.
(g)Beingonhisfirstoverseastraining,theyoungpilotfeltveryuneasy.
(h)Theyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastrainingandfeltveryuneasy.
(i)Theyoungpilot,whowasonhisfirstoverseastraining,feltveryuneasy.(j)Whentheyoungpilotwasonhis/firstoverseastrainging,hefeltveryuneasy.
(k)Astheyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastraining,hefeltveryuneasy.
(l)Theyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastraining,sothathefeltveryuneasy.
在上述12個(gè)句子中,(a)-(g)是簡(jiǎn)單句;(h)是并列句;(i)-(l)是復(fù)雜句。簡(jiǎn)單句除(b)和(g)之外,其他五樣,用的人并不多。人們最喜歡采用復(fù)雜句,尤其是(j)和(k)這兩款;接著便是并列句(h)。如果大多數(shù)人的句子只限于(b),(g),(h),(j)和(k)這五種,而其他的則棄如敝屣,不是很可惜嗎?
增強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句表現(xiàn)力的有效方法
一、避免使用語(yǔ)意弱的“be”動(dòng)詞。
1、把句中的表語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為不同的修飾語(yǔ)。例如:
Weak:Thetreesarebare.Thegraisbrown.Thelandscapeseemsdrab.Revision:Thebrowngraandbaretreesformadrablandscape.(轉(zhuǎn)換為前置定語(yǔ))
Or:Thelandscape,bareandbrown,beggedforspringgreen.(轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ))
2、將作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞或名詞變?yōu)樾袨閯?dòng)詞。例如:
1)Weak:Theteammembersaregoodplayers.
Revision:Theteammembersplaywell.
2)Weak:Oneworker'splanistheeliminationoftardiness.
Revision:Oneworker'splaneliminatestardiness.
3、在以“here”或“there”開頭的句子中,把“be”動(dòng)詞后的名詞代詞變成改寫句的主語(yǔ)。例如:
1)Weak:Thereisnoopportunityforpromotion.
Revision:Noopportunityforpromotionexists.
2)Weak:Herearethebooksyouordered
Revision:Thebooksyouorderedhavearrived.
二、多用語(yǔ)意具體的動(dòng)詞,保持句意簡(jiǎn)潔明了。例如:
1、Poor:Mysupervisorwentpastmydesk.
Better:Mysupervisorsauntered(=walkedslowly)pastmydesk.
2、Poor:Sheisacarefulshopper.
Better:Shecomparespricesandquality.
三、盡量運(yùn)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:
1、Weak:Theorganizationhasbeensupportedbycharity.
Better:Charityhassupportedtheorganization.
2、Weak:Thebiscuitswerestackedonaplate.
Better:Motherstackedthebiscuitsonaplate.
四、防止使用語(yǔ)意冗長(zhǎng)累贅的詞語(yǔ)。例如:
1、Wordy:Mylittlesisterhasapreferenceforchocolatemilk.
Improved:Mylittlesisterpreferschocolatemilk.
2、Wordy:Weareinreceiptofyourletterandintendtofollowyourrecommendations.
Improved:Wehavereceivedyourletterandintendedtofollowyourrecommendation.
3、Redundant:Wehadaseriouscrisisatschoolyesterdaywhenourchemistrylaboratorycaughtfire.
Improved:Wehadacrisisatschoolyesterdaywhenourchemistrylaboratorycaughtfire.
4、Redundant:MysisterandIboughtthesame,identicaldreindifferentstores.
Improved:MysisterandIboughtthesamedreindifferentstores.
五、杜絕濫用陳舊詞語(yǔ)或難懂的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。例如:
1、Weak:Theywillnotagreetohisproposalsinanyshapeorform.
Improved:Theywillnotagreetoanyofhisproposals.
2、Weak:IneedherfinancialinputbeforeIcanguesstimateourexpendituresnextfall
Improved:IneedherfinancialfiguresbeforeIcanestimateourexpendituresnextfall.
正確使用連詞
Causeandeffect因果關(guān)系
標(biāo)志詞
1)表示原因的because,as,since,dueto,owingto(畫橫線的連接詞請(qǐng)重點(diǎn)掌握)
2)表示結(jié)果的hence(因此),thus(因此),therefore(因此),Asaconsequence,…(作為結(jié)果)Accordingly…(相應(yīng)的),Asaresult…(作為結(jié)果)Consequently…(作為結(jié)果)so…that…(如此…以致…)
E.g.Theecologicalproblemsarebeingaggravated.Hence,itisimperativethatwetakemeasurestocurbthepollutionoftheenvironment.
生態(tài)系統(tǒng)正在急劇的惡化,因此,我們必須采取嚴(yán)厲的措施遏制對(duì)環(huán)境的污染.
Exemplification舉例關(guān)系
標(biāo)志詞…isacaseinpoint.(某人或某事是一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?)Take…forexample.(以…為例)forinstance.(比如…)ToIllustrate…(例如…)Asanillustration…(作為例證…)
e.g.TheAsiancountriesaregettingwesternizedatastaggeringrate.TakeChinaforexample,whenyoungstersgotothemovies,itisstandardpracticeforthemtochooseHollywoodblockbusteroverdomesticfilms.
亞洲國(guó)家正以一種驚人的速度變得西方化,以中國(guó)為例,當(dāng)年輕人去電影院的時(shí)候,通常都會(huì)選擇好萊塢大片而不是中國(guó)電影.Comparisonandcontrast對(duì)比關(guān)系
標(biāo)志詞While…,whereas…,whilst…,incontrast
http://m.emrowgh.com (對(duì)比)
現(xiàn)代人的生活是如此的奔忙與緊張,而我們的祖先卻可以不慌不忙的從事他們的事務(wù).
e.g.Theeducationalandmedicalfacilitiesinbigcitiesaremostlyveryadvanced.Incontrast,theircounterpartsinthecountrytendtobeofinferiorquality.
Concession讓步關(guān)系
標(biāo)志詞Despite/inspiteof…(后面只能跟名詞名詞詞組或者動(dòng)名詞)(盡管有…),albeit…(盡管,后面只能跟形容詞或者介詞短語(yǔ)),形容詞+asitmaybe…(盡管,前面只能加形容詞),Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(盡管如此)
e.g.1Toughasitmaybetogetaccustomedtoanewculture,itwillproveveryrewarding.
盡管適應(yīng)新的文化可能很難,但這會(huì)被證明是很值得的.
2RoteLearningisattimesnecessary,albeitmonotonous.
死記硬背有時(shí)候是必要的,盡管很枯燥和機(jī)械.
3Thegovernmentplaysacrucialroleinscientificresearch,Nonetheless,privatecompaniesholdcertainadvantagesinconductingscientificresearch.
Definition下定義關(guān)系
標(biāo)志詞Aisbestcharacterizedby…(A最明顯的特征是…),Aconstitutes…(A構(gòu)成…)Ameans…,Aconsistsof…(A由…組成).
e.g.Afinejournalistisbestcharacterizedbydiscipline,determinationandkeenobservations.
一個(gè)好的記者最重要的特點(diǎn)是自律,毅力和敏銳的觀察.
Animalexperimentation,insomecases,constitutescallousabuseoftestanimals.
Supposition假設(shè)論證,
標(biāo)志詞providedthat…(如果)giventhechoice…(如果可以選擇的話…)onlyif…(只有…)aslongas…(只要)if…,supposethat…e.g.Providedthatwecanminimizethepainoftestanimals,animalexperimentationshouldbecontinued.
e.g.Giventhechoice,manypeoplewouldliveinbigcitiesratherthanthecountryside.
Modification修飾關(guān)系
標(biāo)志詞that,which,who
Inthisdayage,wehaveaproliferationofbuildingsthatlookexactlylikethebuildingsourancestorsbuilt.
Today,teenagestudentsareunderincreasinglyseverestreintheirstudies,whichhasdisturbedandalarmedmanyadults.對(duì)于其中的標(biāo)志性詞匯的總結(jié)更是對(duì)大家寫作有很大的幫助的。大家在備考自己的雅思寫作考試的時(shí)候,可以根據(jù)題目的不同,選擇不同的連接詞進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)用。
雅思寫作:如何讓你的句子開頭多樣化
雅思寫作:如何讓你的句子開頭多樣化
在多年的寫作教學(xué)中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)很多雅思和新托?忌趯懽髦袩o(wú)法靈活運(yùn)用句子結(jié)構(gòu),無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣化運(yùn)用。很多考生為此費(fèi)盡心思,不知道該從何處著手練習(xí),使文章中的句子能夠多樣化。事實(shí)上,我們可以采用不同的句子開頭使句子多樣化。朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家認(rèn)為,寫作的時(shí)候不應(yīng)該總是用“subject-verb-object”的結(jié)構(gòu)順序,而應(yīng)該盡量用不同的方式展開一個(gè)句子。不同的句子開頭既可以美化句子,同時(shí)也能使句子與句子之間自然過(guò)度,銜接自然,以免過(guò)于依賴過(guò)渡詞。在雅思和新托福考試中,寫作考官對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣化也是非常重視的。下面,朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將給廣大考生介紹幾種使句子開頭多樣化的方式方法。
【副詞開頭】
(1)副詞修飾全句
Luckily,hedidn'tknowmyphonenumber;otherwise,hewouldbotherme.Incredibly,HelenagotstraightAinherschoolreportthissemester.
Interestingly,catsanddogscanhardlygetalongwellinahouse.
修飾全句常用的副詞有:obviously,undoubtedly,apparently,fortunately,clearly,unfortunately,incredibly,luckily,unluckily,surprisingly,frighteningly等。
這些副詞大多數(shù)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)全句的看法,在意思上相當(dāng)于“Itis...形容詞that...”。
比如:
Obviously,heisnervousaboutthetest.
=Itisobviousthatheisnervousaboutthetest.
1
Unfortunately,hetrippedoverandfellinthemud.
=Itisunfortunatethathetrippedoverandfellinthemud.
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞
Hurriedly,themandrewmeascratchmaptoshowmethedirection.
Dangerously,thedrunkardspeddownthestreet.
Slowlyandgently,snowflakesweredriftingdownfromthesky.
(3)副詞表示某一地域或某一領(lǐng)域
Geographically,Canadaisthebiggestcountryintheworld.
Financially,sheisindependent,butemotionallysheisdependent.
【插入語(yǔ)開頭】
用插入語(yǔ)開頭,表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度,或使句子的意思更加準(zhǔn)確:
Strangelyenough,Jenniferdoesnotenjoysunshineandbeach.
Generallyspeaking,winterinVancouverisgloomy.
類似的插入語(yǔ)有:nowonder,nodoubt,inotherwords,inmyopinion,inconclusion,infact,asamatteroffact等。
【形容詞和形容詞短語(yǔ)開頭】
用形容詞、并列形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)開頭,修飾句子的主語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài):Frantic,theyoungmotherrushedoutthedoorwiththebabyinherarms.
Tastyandcrisp,potatochipisafavoritesnackforbothchildrenandadults.
Happyathisgoodmarksatschool, http://m.emrowgh.com sperateandhopeless,thepoormancommittedsuicide.
2
【分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)開頭】
(1)修飾句子主語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的另一個(gè)較謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞次要的動(dòng)作Scared,thegirlmovedtimidlyandcautiouslyintothedarkroom.(狀態(tài))
Casedbymydearpetcat,themousedashedintoasmallhole.(狀態(tài))
Spoiledbyhisparents,thenaughtyboyalwaysinsistsonthingshewants.(狀態(tài))Puffingandhugging,hefinishedhisrun.(另一動(dòng)作)
Lookingatherselfinthemirror,shefingeredhersilkscarfonhershoulder.(另一動(dòng)作)
(2)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示原因、時(shí)間等
Lyingdownonthecouch,hefeltmuchrelaxed.(時(shí)間)
Feelingbored,sheturnedontheTVandswitchedfromchanneltochannel.(原因)Wantingtofindoutthebusinehour,shecalledthestore.(原因)
Havingcompletedtheform,hemaileditoutimmediately.(時(shí)間)
【介詞短語(yǔ)開頭】
用介詞短語(yǔ)開頭,表示句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因、條件等:
Onseeinghimapproach,thegirlimmediatelyturnedherfacetoashopwindowpretendingtolookatsomethingthere.(時(shí)間)
Aroundthecorner,acrowdgathered.(地點(diǎn))
Unlikehisfather,Petertouchesneithercigarettesnoralcohol.(方式)
Duetothelimitofseats,hewasnotaccepted.(原因)
Incaseoffire,usethestairways.(條件)
【動(dòng)詞不定式開頭】
動(dòng)詞不定式開頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的目的:
TocelebratethearrivaloftheMillennium,weheldagrandpartyinthehotel.
Toshowmytrustonhim,Ideposited$10,000intohisbankaccount.
【獨(dú)立分詞短語(yǔ)開頭】
用獨(dú)立分詞短語(yǔ)開頭,使句子有正式的味道:
Birdssinginginthetree,anotherroutinedaystarts.
Seagullsflyingoverthewater,theoldfishermanflunghisfishingmeatintotheopensea.
Adogfollowingthem,thepolicesearchedeverysuspect.
【過(guò)渡句開頭】
用過(guò)渡句開頭,表示此句與上下句的關(guān)系:
Consequently,Isloweddowntoavoidafineticket.
Infact,shewasakindheartedwoman.
【同位語(yǔ)開頭】
Asigningofficerofthebank,Janesignshernamehundredsoftimeseachdayatwork.
ATVaddict,JimwatchesTVmoviesoneafteranothereveryeveninguntilaftermidnight.
【副詞從句開頭】
用副詞從句開頭,表示主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式、條件等:Whenyouareinneedofhelp,givemeacall.
Whereveryougo,Ifollow.
Sinceyourchildrenlovehamburgersandfries,wemightaswelleatinMacDonald.Asifitweresummer,everybodywearshortsandaT-shirt.
Incasethatyougetlost,callmeatthisnumber.
【名詞從句開頭】
用名詞從句開頭,作整句的主語(yǔ):
Whetheryoutakethepositionornotmakesgreatdifferencetome.
WhyIamunhappyissomethingIcan'texplain.
Whattheyshoulddoabouttheholeintheroofistheirmostpressingproblem.
從以上朗閣海外考試研究中心介紹的諸多句子開頭方法與例句中,我們可以領(lǐng)略到句式變化的多樣性?忌鷤?nèi)绻軌蛘莆丈鲜龇椒,就?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們從原來(lái)最常用的名詞和代詞作主語(yǔ)的句式,變?yōu)槿绱硕鄻踊木渥娱_頭。與此同時(shí),靈活的運(yùn)用句子結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)句型結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣化也不再是一件困難的事。
英語(yǔ)寫作技巧-怎樣使句子多樣化
一篇好文章的條件很多。除了內(nèi)容豐富和組織緊密之外,詞匯的運(yùn)用和句子的處理,也起著決定性作用。
句子可長(zhǎng)可短,同一件事,可以用不同的句式表達(dá)。如果句子清一色是簡(jiǎn)單句,文章必定很單調(diào)乏味。如果全篇充滿了冗長(zhǎng)的復(fù)雜句,讀起來(lái)也很費(fèi)力。最好的方法是以簡(jiǎn)單句為基礎(chǔ),配合適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘芯浜蛷?fù)雜句。簡(jiǎn)單句可長(zhǎng)可短,通常要加些附屬成分,如分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞短語(yǔ)、不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),以及節(jié)縮成分。
總之,作者可根據(jù)情況,使句子多樣化,使文章靈活多姿。例如下列五個(gè)句子的基本概念一樣,但是句式不同,內(nèi)容重點(diǎn)也有些差別:
(1)Thegoatsgrazedpeacefullyinthefarmandwereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(并列分句(1)+2)
(2)Grazingpeacefully,thegoatsinthefarmwereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(現(xiàn)在分語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)+簡(jiǎn)單句)
(3)Inthefarm,thegoatsgrazedpeacefullyandwereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(副詞短語(yǔ)+并列分句(1)-(2))
(4)Thereweregoatsgrazingpeacefullyinthefarm,unawareoftheapproachinghunter.(簡(jiǎn)單句+形容語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))
(5)Asthegoatsgrazedpeacefullyinthefarm,theywereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(原因副詞從句+主句)
(1)和(5)的句式最常見(jiàn);如果加上其他三種互相交替,句子不是更多樣化嗎?最后,看看這兩個(gè)句子要如何多樣化呢?
(6)Theyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastraining.
(7)Hefeltveryuneasy.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a)Theyoungpilotonhisfirstoverseastrainingfeltveryuneasy.
(b)Theyoungpilotfeltveryuneasyduringhisfirstoverseastraining.
(c)Theyoungpilot'sfirstoverseastrainingmadehimfeelveryuneasy.
(d)Extremeuneasineseizedtheyoungpilotonhisfirstoverseastraining.(e)Theyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastraining,feelingveryuneasy.(f)Itbeinghisfirstoverseastraining,theyoungpilotfeltveryuneasy.
(g)Beingonhisfirstoverseastraining,theyoungpilotfeltveryuneasy.
(h)Theyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastrainingandfeltveryuneasy.(i)Theyoungpilot,whowasonhisfirstoverseastraining,feltveryuneasy.
(j)Whentheyoungpilotwasonhis/firstoverseastrainging,hefeltveryuneasy.(k)Astheyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastraining,hefeltveryuneasy.(l)Theyoungpilotwasonhisfirstoverseastraining,sothathefeltveryuneasy.在上述12個(gè)句子中,(a)-(g)是簡(jiǎn)單句;(h)是并列句;(i)-(l)是復(fù)雜句。簡(jiǎn)單句除(b)和(g)之外,其他五樣,用的人并不多。人們最喜歡采用復(fù)雜句,尤其是(j)和(k)這兩款;接著便是并列句(h)。如果大多數(shù)人的句子只限于(b),(g),(h),(j)和(k)這五種,而其他的則棄如敝屣,不是很可惜嗎?
增強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句表現(xiàn)力的有效方法
一、避免使用語(yǔ)意弱的“be”動(dòng)詞。
1、把句中的表語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為不同的修飾語(yǔ)。例如:
Weak:Thetreesarebare.Thegraisbrown.Thelandscapeseemsdrab.
Revision:Thebrowngraandbaretreesformadrablandscape.(轉(zhuǎn)換為前置定語(yǔ))Or:Thelandscape,bareandbrown,beggedforspringgreen.(轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ))
2、將作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞或名詞變?yōu)樾袨閯?dòng)詞。例如:
1)Weak:Theteammembersaregoodplayers.
Revision:Theteammembersplaywell.
2)Weak:Oneworker'splanistheeliminationoftardiness.
Revision:Oneworker'splaneliminatestardiness.
3、在以“here”或“there”開頭的句子中,把“be”動(dòng)詞后的名詞代詞變成改寫句的主語(yǔ)。例如:
1)Weak:Thereisnoopportunityforpromotion.
Revision:Noopportunityforpromotionexists.
2)Weak:Herearethebooksyouordered.
Revision:Thebooksyouorderedhavearrived.
二、多用語(yǔ)意具體的動(dòng)詞,保持句意簡(jiǎn)潔明了。例如:
1、Poor:Mysupervisorwentpastmydesk.
Better:Mysupervisorsauntered(=walkedslowly)pastmydesk.
2、Poor:Sheisacarefulshopper.
Better:Shecomparespricesandquality.
三、盡量運(yùn)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:
1、Weak:Theorganizationhasbeensupportedbycharity.
Better:Charityhassupportedtheorganization.
2、Weak:Thebiscuitswerestackedonaplate.
Better:Motherstackedthebiscuitsonaplate.
四、防止使用語(yǔ)意冗長(zhǎng)累贅的詞語(yǔ)。例如:
1、Wordy:Mylittlesisterhasapreferenceforchocolatemilk.
Improved:Mylittlesisterpreferschocolatemilk.
2、Wordy:Weareinreceiptofyourletterandintendtofollowyourrecommendations.Improved:Wehavereceivedyourletterandintendedtofollowyourrecommendation.
3、Redundant:Wehadaseriouscrisisatschoolyesterdaywhenourchemistrylaboratorycaughtfire.
Improved:Wehadacrisisatschoolyesterdaywhenourchemistrylaboratorycaughtfire.
4、Redundant:MysisterandIboughtthesame,identicaldreindifferentstores.Improved:MysisterandIboughtthesamedreindifferentstores.
五、杜絕濫用陳舊詞語(yǔ)或難懂的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。例如:
1、Weak:Theywillnotagreetohisproposalsinanyshapeorform.
Improved:Theywillnotagreetoanyofhisproposals.
2、Weak:IneedherfinancialinputbeforeIcanguesstimateourexpendituresnextfall.
Improved:IneedherfinancialfiguresbeforeIcanestimateourexpendituresnextfall.