四級詞匯與語法練習
四級詞匯與語法練習
1.This university has _______ a great deal since our last visit.
A.appeared
B.altered
C.approached
D.admired
2.She is narrow minded and always _______ what other people have.
A. jealous
B.owes
C.misses
D.envies
3.When he woke up from his dream， the frightened boy tried to _______ his mother’s arm.
A.grape
B.grey
C.grip
D.grave
4.Mary has never been _______ a ship.
A.abroad
B.aboard
C.above
D.absorb
5.The modern camera lens may be coated with more than ten _______ for each piece of its glass.
A. levels
B.stories
C.layers
D.formations
答案：
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.C
四級閱讀理解練習
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing（裁判）decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament（錦標賽）involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum（最佳的）distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
1. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _______.
A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
B) analyse the causes of errors made by football referees
C) set a standard for football refereeing
D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing
2. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______.
A) slightly above average
B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup
C) quite unexpected
D) as high as in a standard match
3. The findings of the experiment show that _______.
A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur
D) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
4. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para.4) most probably refers to _______.
A) the researchers involved in the experiment
B) the inspectors of the football tournament
C) the referees of the football tournament
D) the observers at the site of the experiment
5. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.
答案與解析:
1.問實驗目的。第一段的目的不定式：研究一些高級裁判員的裁決。正確答案是B，analyse 和study屬于關鍵詞替換。
2.以number 在第三段定位，文中說是一個高得非常的數(shù)字。A中副詞有問題。B沒有這樣比過。D as high as也有問題。正確答案為C。
3. show——實驗結果，在文中找同類的詞。第四段就有found和show ，得出正確答案為A。
4. 指代題，往前面找復數(shù)名詞，有errors和the referees 。只有C有the referees ，正確答案為C。
5.A：理想退休年齡為45歲，文中說may be misguided，所以不對。C裁判要盡量年輕有精力，文中最后If keeping up with the action is not so important 說明這并不重要。D這個說的也太過了，我就不信裁判坐著輪椅拿著放大鏡也能do well 。正確答案為B。
四級閱讀理解練習
Where do pesticides (殺蟲劑) fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?
We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative (積累的) over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,"says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."
1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man, ...is part of nature."(Para.1)?
[A] Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.
[B] Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.
[C] Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.
[D] Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.
2. What is the author's attitude to wards the evnironmental effects of pesticides?
[A] Pessimistic.
[B] Indifferent.
[C] Defensive.
[D] Concerned.
3. In the author's view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides ______.
[A] is not the worst of thenegative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides
[B] now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths
[C] has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention
[D] is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming
4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because ______.
[A] limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health
[B] the present is more important for them than the future
[C] the danger does not become apparent immediately
[D] humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning
5. It can be concluded from Dr Dubos'remarks that ______.
[A] people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with
[B] attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal
[C] diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure
[D] people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides
答案：
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D
四級翻譯
1.By the end of this year ___________(這本書將出版).
2.That advantages of bicycle outweigh its disadvantages and it will ________________(在現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)揮重要作用).
3.After days of heavy rains,the sun ______________(終于從云層后面露出來了).
4.He has got into the habit of __________________(在房間亂扔東西).
5.An enclosed,smoke-filled room has levels of harmful gas ________________(是平時的50倍).
答案解析:
1.the book will have been published // the book will have come out
時態(tài)和被動語態(tài):由by the end of this year“今年年底”判斷要用將來完成時，而book與publish之間是被動關系，所以用將來完成時的被動語態(tài)will have been published。如果用come out 表達的話不必用被動式。“出版”的表達常用publish或come out。
2.play an important/essential role in modern society
“發(fā)揮作用”的表達為play a role in�！爸匾摹北磉_可以用important或essential；“現(xiàn)代社會”的表達為modern society。
3.emerged from behind the clouds at last
考查介詞:為了準確表達方位，from后面可接另外一個介詞賓語，behind the clouds整體表示一個位置；云層后面�？疾闀r態(tài):本句敘述的是過去的事情，所以用過去式。“露出來”的表達為emerge或come out。
4.leaving things about/everywhere in his room
“養(yǎng)成某習慣”的固定搭配為get into the habit of doing sth�！皝y扔東西”的表達為leave things about/everywhere。
5.50 times as high as normal // 49 times higher than normal
考查比較級:表示倍數(shù)的比較級常用“A is…times as + 形容詞原級+as B”或“A is … times +形容詞比較級+ than B”�！捌綍r”的表達為normal。
四級翻譯
1.Such practice of ________________(考試前熬夜學習)will not necessarily work for every student.
2.George arrived at the office ahead of time _______________(只為了給老板留下好印象).
3.The resolution that ___________(他調到總部)was approved by General Manager.
4.He didn't like this job _____________(盡管條件比之前的好).
5.___________________(我寧愿你不要宣布決定)on the issue for the time being.
答案解析:
1.staying up studying before an examination
“熬夜”的表達為stay up,“熬夜學習”就是stay up studying。空前出現(xiàn)的of是介詞，跟在其后的動詞詞組“熬夜學習”要變成動名詞的形式，修飾名詞practice。
2.only to make a good impression on his/the boss
“給…留下印象”譯作make an impression on…�！坝∠蟆敝暗男揎椪Zgood在翻譯時不能遺漏�！爸粸榱恕钡谋磉_為only to，其結構為only to do sth.表示目的。
3.he (should)be transferred to headquarter
考查虛擬語氣:某些表示建議，請求，命令，主張以及“重要性”，“緊迫性”等概念的名詞充當主語時，其后的同位語從句需要用虛擬語氣。具體結構為（should）+動詞原形。這樣的名詞有:demand,desire,requirement,advice,recommendation,suggestion,order,proposal和resolution等�！罢{任”表達為transfer;“總部”表達為headquarter。他是“被調任”，需要用被動語態(tài)。
4.though the condition was better than the previous one
考查讓步狀語從句:在句子中所以用though。比較級:“比…好” 用be better than。one的用法:句子前面已經(jīng)提到了job,為了避免重復，用one代替。
5.I'd rather you didn't declare/announce this decision
考查虛擬語氣:would rather,would sooner,had rather,would(just) as soon,would prefer用來表達主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或將來的事情，用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的事情。本句中for the time being“目前”表示這是現(xiàn)在的事情，所以系動詞用一般過去時didn't。“宣布決定”的表達常用declare或announce the decision。
四級翻譯練習
1.This is ________________(正是要找的人)we are looking for.
2. _________________(我沒有買到一張好票)for yesterday's movie.
3. It's confirmed that _______________(鐵路將延伸到我們村子).
4. The substance does not dissolve in water _______________________ (不管是否加熱).
5. Not only ________________ (他向我收費過高)，but he didn't do a good repair job either.
答案與解析：
1. no other than the man本題考查采用反譯法翻譯，以加強語氣，取得較好的'修辭效果。No other than強調了那個人就是我們要找的。這句話也可以譯成This is just the man we are looking for，但強調的語氣就顯得要弱一些。此外，no other than要和other than區(qū)別開來。如：There's nobody here other than me.(這里除了我沒別人。)
2. I didn't buy a good seat題中"好票"是一個干擾項，是典型的漢語表達。"沒有買到一張好票"實際上是說"沒有買到好座位"，因此不能譯成I didn't buy a good ticket。
3. the railway will be extended to our village本題考查英語被動語態(tài)的翻譯。雖然原中文句給出了主動語態(tài)，但在這里主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。因為鐵路不可能自己延伸，延伸鐵路的必定是人。再如：這個問題已經(jīng)解決了。(The problem has been solved.)
4. whether it is heated or not
本題考查對whether or not引導讓步狀語從句的掌握，當從句中的主語等同于主句中的主語，且從句中的結構是“主語+be”時，主語和謂語均可以省略.
5. did he charge me too much/ did he overcharge me
本題考查對部分倒裝的掌握。當句首出現(xiàn)not only或only時，句子應采用部分倒裝的結構，即只需把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前。由后半句中的didn't可知，此處的助動詞應使用過去式，“收費過高”也可用overcharge.
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