2015年6月全國英語四級考試真題及答案(卷3)

　　英語四級考試目的是推動大學英語教學大綱的貫徹執(zhí)行，對大學生的英語能力進行客觀、準確的測量，為提高我國大學英語課程的教學質(zhì)量服務(wù)。下面是小編精心整理的2015年6月全國英語四級考試真題及答案(卷3)，歡迎大家分享。

　　Part I Writing(30 minutes)

　　Direction.s: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on parents role in their childrens growth. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

　　Part IIListening Comprehension ( 30 minutes )

　　SectionA

　　Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C. and D,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the centre.

　　1. A. The woman is the managers secretary.

　　B. The man found himself in a wrong place.

　　C. The man is the managers business associate.

　　D. The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.

　　2. A. He needs more time for the report.

　　B. He needs help to interpret the data.

　　C. He is sorry not to have helped the woman.

　　D. He does not have sufficient data to go on.

　　3. A. A friend from New York.

　　B. A message from Tony.

　　C. A postal delivery.

　　D. A change in the weather.

　　4. A. She is not available until the end of next week.

　　B. She is not a reliable source of information.

　　C. She does not like taking exams.

　　D. She does not like psychology.

　　5. A. He will help the woman carry the suitcase.

　　B. The womans watch is twenty minutes fast.

　　C. The woman shouldnt make such a big fuss.

　　D. There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.

　　6. A. Mary is not so easygoing as her.

　　B. Mary and she have a lot in conmon.

　　C. She finds it hard to get along with Mary.

　　D. She does not believe what her neighborssaid.

　　7. A. At an information service.

　　B. At a car wash point.

　　C. At a repair shop.

　　D. At a dry cleaners.

　　8. A. The woman came to the concert at the mans request.

　　B. The man is already fed up with playing the piano.

　　C. The piece of music the man played is very popular.

　　D. The mans unique talents are the envy of many people.

　　Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　9. A. He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.

　　B. He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.

　　C. He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.

　　D. He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.

　　10. A. He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.

　　B. He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.

　　C. He likes to work in a company close to home.

　　D. He would rather get a less demanding job.

　　11. A. Sports.

　　B. Travel.

　　C. Foreign languages.

　　D. Computer games.

　　12. A. When he is supposed to start work.

　　B. What responsibilities he would have.

　　C. When he will be informed about his application.

　　D. What career opportunities her company can offer.

　　Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　13. A. She is pregnant.

　　B. She is over 50.

　　C. She has just finished her project.

　　D. She is a good saleswoman.

　　14. A. He takes good care of Lisa.

　　B. He is the CEO of a giant company.

　　C. He is good at business management.

　　D. He works as a sales manager.

　　15. A. It is in urgent need of further development.

　　B. It produces goods popular among local people.

　　C. It has been losing market share in recent years.

　　D. It is well positioned to compete with the giants.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hoar 3 short passages. At tho end of each passage, you will hoar some questions. Both the passage and tho questions will be spoken only once. After youhoar a question, you must choose tho best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C. and D. Then mark tho corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough tho centre.Passage One

　　Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　16. A. It is lined with tall trees.

　　B. It was widened recently.

　　C. It has high buildings on both sides.

　　D. It used to be dirty and disorderly.

　　17. A. They repaved it with rocks.

　　B. They built public restrooms on it.

　　C. They beautified it with plants.

　　D. They set up cooking facilities near it.

　　18. A. What makes life enjoyable.

　　B. How to work with tools.

　　C. What a community means.

　　D. How to improve health.

　　19. A. They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.

　　B. They were encouraged by the city officials praise.

　　C. They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.

　　D. They derived happiness from the constructive work.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　20. A. The majority of them think it less important than computers:

　　B. Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.

　　C. The majority of them find it interesting.

　　D. Few of them read more than ten books a year.

　　21. A. Novels and stories.

　　B. Mysteries and detective stories.

　　C. History and science books.

　　D. Books on culture and tradition.

　　22. A. Watching TV.

　　B. Listening to music.

　　C. Reading magazines.

　　D. Playing computer games.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　23. A. Advice on the purchase of cars.

　　B. Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.

　　C. Trends for the development of the motor car.

　　D. Solutions to global fuel shortage.

　　24. A. Limited driving range.

　　B. Huge recharging expenses.

　　C. The short life of batteries.

　　D. The unaffordable high price.

　　25. A. They need to be further improved.

　　B. They can easily switch to natural gas.

　　C. They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.

　　D. They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When tho passage is read for tho first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for tho second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with tho exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for tho third time, you should chock what you have written.

　　My favorite TV. show? "The Twilight Zone. " I26like the episode called "The PrintersDevil. " Its about a newspaper editor whos being27 out of business by a big newspapersyndicate--you know, a group of papers28by the same people.Hes about to29when hes interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor

　　is not only offered $ 5,000 to pay off his newspapers30, but this Smith character also offers hisservices for free. It turns out that the guy operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon hes turning out newspapers with31 The small paper is successful again. The editor is32athow quickly Smith gets his stories--only minutes after they happen--but soon hes presented with acontract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is33the news even before it happens--and its all terrible--one disaster after another. Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I dont want to34the story for you. I really like these old episodes of "The Twilight Zone" because the stories are fascinating. They are not realistic. But then again, in a way they are, because they deal with35Part ill Reading Comprehension(40 minutes}

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this sectinm, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet

　　2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. As a teacher, you could bring the community into your classroom in many ways. The parents and grandparents of your students are resources and36for their children. They can be37teachers of their own traditions and histories. Immigrant parents could talk about their country of38and why they emigrated to the United States. Parents can be invited to talk about their jobs or a community project. Parents, of course, are not the only community resources. Employees at local businesses and staff at community agencies have39information to share in classrooms. Field trips provide another opportunity to know the community. Many students dont have the opporttmity to40concerts or visit museums or historical sites except through field trips. A school district should have41for selecting and conducting field trips. Families must be made42of field trips and give permission for their children to participate. Through school projects, students can learn to be43in community projects ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park to assisting elderly people. Students,44older ones, might conduct research on a community need that could lead to action by a city council or state government. Some schools require students to provide community service by45in a nursing home, child care center or government agency. These projects help students understand their responsibility to the larger

　　community.

　　A. Assets I. joining

　　B. Attend J. naturally

　　C. Aware K. observe

　　D. especially L. origin

　　E. Excellent M. recruited

　　F. Expensive N. up-to-date

　　G. guidelines O. volunteering

　　H. involved

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Reaping the Rewards of Risk-Taking

　　A. Since Steve Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple, much has been said about him as a peerless business leader who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hit products that are transforming entire industries, like music and mobile communications.

　　B. All true, but lets think different, to borrow the Apple marketing slogan of years back. Lets look at Mr. Jobs as a role model.

　　C. Above all, he is an innovator (創(chuàng)新者). His creative force is seen in products such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and in new business models for pricing and distributing music and mobile software online. Studies of innovation come to the same conclusion: you cant engineer innovation, but you can increase the odds of it occurring. And Mr. Jobs career can be viewed as a consistent pursuit of improving those odds, both for himself and the companies he has led. Mr. Jobs, of course, has enjoyed singular success. But innovation, broadly defined, is the crucial ingredient in all economic progress--higher growth for nations, more competitive products for companies, and more prosperous careem for individuals. And Mr. Jobs, many experts say, exemplifies what works in the innovation game.

　　D. "We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is," says John Kao, an innovation consultant to corporations and governments. Many other nations, Mr. John Kao notes, axe now ahead of the United States in producing what are considered the raw materials of innovation. These include government financing for scientific research, national policies to support emerging industries, educational achievement, engineers and scientists graduated, even the speeds of Internet broadband service.

　　E. Yet what other nations typically lack, Mr. Kao adds, is a social environment that encourages diversity, experimentation, risk-taking, and combining skills from many fields into products that he calls "recombinant mash-ups (打碎重組)," like the iPhone, which redefined the smartphone category. "The culture of other countries doesnt support the kind of innovation that Steve Jobs exemplifies, as America does," Mr. John Kao says.

　　F. Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learning are vital to tturiving in the modern economy. Formal education matters, career counselors say, but real- life experience is often even more valuable.

　　G. An adopted child, growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr. Jobs displayed those traits early on. He wasfascinated by electronics as a child, building Heathkit do-it-yourself projects, like radios. Mr. Jobs dropped out of Reed College after only a semester and traveled around India in search of spiritual enlightenment, before returning to Silicon Valley to found Apple with his friend, Stephen Wozniak, an engineering wizard (奇才). Mr. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, went off and founded two other companies, Next and Pixar, before returning to Apple in 1996 and becoming chiefexecutive in 1997.

　　H. His path was unique, but innovation experts say the pattern of exploration is not unusual. "Its often people like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrough ideas and insights," says Hal Gregersen, a professor at the European Institute of Business Administration.

　　I. Mr. Gregersen is a co-author of a new book, The Innovators DNA, which is based on an eight-year study of 5,000 entrepreneurs (創(chuàng)業(yè)者. and executives worldwide. His two collaborators and co- authors are Jeff Dyer, a professor at Brigham Young University, and Clayton Christensen, a professor at the Harvard Business School, whose 1997 book The Innovators Dilemma popularized the concept of "disruptive ( 顛覆性的. innovation. "

　　J. The academics identify five traits that are common to the disruptive innovators: questioning, experimenting, observing, associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics echoes the ceaseless curiosity and willingness to take risks noted by other experts. Networking, Mr. Hal Gregersen explains, is less about career-building relationships than a consistent search for new ideas. Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-producing connections by linking concepts from different disciplines.

　　K. "Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly," Mr. Gregersen says. "Its a habit for them. " Innovative companies, according to the authors, typically enjoy higher valuations in thestock market, which they call an "innovation premium (溢價). " It is calculated by estimating the share of a companys value that cannot be accounted for by its current products and cash flow. The innovation premium tries to quantify ( 量化. investors bets that a company will do even better in the future because of innovation.

　　L. Apple, by their calculations, had a 37 percent innovation premium during Mr. Jobs first term withthe company. His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After his return, Applees fortunes inmroved gradv at first, and imp)roved markedly starting in 2005, yielding a 52percent innovation premium since then.

　　M. There is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could havereshaped industries beyond computing, as he has done in his second term at Apple, without theexperience outside the company, especially at Pixar--the computer-animation (動畫制作. studiothat created a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as "Toy Story" and

　　N. Mr. Jobs suggested much the same thing during a commencement address to the graduating class atStanford University in 2005. "It turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing thatcould have ever happened to me," he told the students. Mr. Jobs also spoke of perseverance ( 堅持. and will power. "Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick," he said. "Dont losefaith. "

　　O. Mr. Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation, both in ones choice of work andin ones life.Be curious, experiment, take risks, he said to the students.His advice wasemphasized by the words on the back of the final edition of The Whole Earth Catalog, which hequoted: "Stay hungry. Stay foolish. " "And," Mr. Jobs said, "I have always wished that formyself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. "

　　46. Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address.

　　47. Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple.

　　48. Steve Jobs once used computers to make movies that were commercial hits.

　　49. Many governments have done more than the US government in providing the raw materials for innovation.

　　50. Great innovators are good at connecting concepts from various academic fields.

　　51. Innovation is vital to driving economic progress.

　　52. America has a social environment that is particularly favorable to innovation.

　　53. Innovative ideas often come from diverse experiences.

　　54. Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success.

　　55. Apples fortunes suffered from an innovation discount during Jobs absence.

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Junk food is everywhere. Were eating way too much of it. Most of us know what were doing andyet we do it anyway.So heres a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lessonfrom alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how its displayed?"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖癥. assume that people consciously and rationallychoose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access tohealthier foods," note the two researchers. "In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that dont assume people makerational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance--like food--of whichimmoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. " The research references studies of peoples behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcoholrestrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be pronfising if applied tojunk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol arent handed out unplanned to all comers but areallotted (分配. based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcoholless easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink. Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. Sowhy not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? Andwhy not limit sale of food in places that arent primarily food stores? Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cashregisters in gas stations, and in most places you cant buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. Atsupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where theyre easily seen. One couldremove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The othermeasures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, andplacing warning labels on the products.

　　56. What does the author say about junk food?

　　A. People should be educated not to eat too much.

　　B. It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.

　　C. Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

　　D. It causes more harm than is generally realized.

　　57. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

　　A. They should be implemented effectively.

　　B. They provide misleading information.

　　C. They are based on wrong assumptions.

　　D. They help people make rational choices.

　　58. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?

　　A. Few people are able to resist alcohols temptations.

　　B. There are already too many stores selling alcohol.

　　C. Drinldng strong alcohol can cause social problems.

　　D. Easy access leads to customers over-consumption~

　　59. What is the purpose of Californias rule about alcohol display in gas stations?

　　A. To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

　　B. To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.

　　C. To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.

　　D. To get alcohol out of drivers immediate sight.

　　60. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?

　　A. Guiding people to make rational choices about food.

　　B. Enhancing peoples awareness of their own health.

　　C. Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

　　D. Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Kodaks decision to file for bankruptcy (破產(chǎn). protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turningpoint for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the filmmarket for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution. Although many attribute Kodaks downfall to "complacency ( 自滿 )," that explanation doesntacknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipatedthat digital photography would overtake film--and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in1975--but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditionalfilm business. It wasnt that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time thecompany realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot ofmoney trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching to newmarkets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.

　　Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate

　　culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fullyembrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Nowtheir history has become a liability.Kodaks downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s broughtnew competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lowerprices for film and photo supplies. Kodaks decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited itssponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.

　　61. What do we learn about Kodak?

　　A. It went bankrupt all of a sudden.

　　B. It is approaching its downfall.

　　C. It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.

　　D. It is playing the dominant role in the film market.

　　62. Why does the author mention Kodaks Invention of the first digital camera?

　　A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

　　B. To show its effort to overcome complacency.

　　C. To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.

　　D. To show its will to compete with Japans Fuji Photo.

　　63. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?

　　A. They find it costly to give up their existing assets.

　　B. They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.

　　C. They are unwilling to invest in new technology.

　　D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

　　64. What does the author say Kodaks history has become?

　　A. A burden.

　　B. A mirror.

　　C. A joke.

　　D. A challenge.

　　65. What was Kodaks fatal mistake?

　　A. Its blind faith in traditional photography.

　　B. Its failure to see Fuji Photos emergence.

　　C. Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.

　　D. Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.

　　Part IV Translation( 30 minutes )

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

　　在西方人心目中，和中國聯(lián)系最為密切的基本食物是大米。長期以來，大米在中國人的飲食中占據(jù)很重要的地位，以至于有諺語說“巧婦難為無米之炊”。中國南方大多種植水稻，人們通常以大米為主食;而華北大部分地區(qū)因為過于寒冷或過于干燥，無法種植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麥。在中國，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多數(shù)人用面粉做饅頭和面條。

　　答案與詳解

　　Part IWriting

　　這是一篇四級考試中常見的圖畫作文。圖片中展現(xiàn)的是一個女孩告訴媽媽她考入了媽媽心中理想的學校，其寓意是揭露現(xiàn)如今的家長為孩子做重大決定的普遍現(xiàn)象。

　　做自己命運的主人

　　正如圖片中生動描繪的那樣，一個女孩正在告訴她的媽媽：“好消息，我被你選擇的大學錄取了。”但諷刺的是，“你選擇的”這幾個字揭露了一個事實，那就是這個剛剛被實現(xiàn)的夢想并不屬于這個女孩。

　　現(xiàn)如今的一個普遍現(xiàn)象是父母為孩子做很多決定，甚至在他們?nèi)松�的重大轉(zhuǎn)折點，包括選擇大學和專業(yè)、找工作或是結(jié)婚：很多原因可以解釋這一現(xiàn)象。首先，父母總是認為他們可以比孩子做出更明智的決定。而且，對于家里的獨生子女，父母給予了太多的關(guān)注。此外，父母讓孩子做他們想讓孩子做的事情，好像這是實現(xiàn)他們自己未實現(xiàn)的夢想的唯一途徑。

　　對青少年來說，人生道路很漫長。他們最終要自己做決定。而成為自己命運的主人是成長過程中的一大步。

　　主題詞匯

　　play a negative role扮演一個不好的角色

　　focus ol1關(guān)注

　　control控制

　　unreasonable不合理的

　　realize one’S dream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想

　　psychologically心理上 句式拓展

　　1.More and more modem parents play a negative role in their

　　children’s growth.越來越多的現(xiàn)代家長在孩子的成長過程中

　　扮演一個不好的角色。

　　2.Childrenshouldgrowina psychologically happy

　　environment and realize their own dreams.孩子們應(yīng)該在一

　　個心理上快樂的環(huán)境中成長并且實現(xiàn)他們自己的夢想。

　　Part IIListening Comprehension[說明：本套試題的聽力部分由往年真題聽力優(yōu)化而來。]

　　1. W: What are you doing in here, sir? Didnt you see the "Private" sign over there?

　　M: Im sorry. I didnt notice it when I came in. Im looking for the managers office.

　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

　　2. W: Mike, whats the problem? Youve known for months the report is due today.

　　M: I know, but Im afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　3. W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?

　　M: Unfortunately, its been delayed due to the bad weather.

　　Q: What is the woman waiting for?

　　4. W: Pam said we wont have the psychology test until the end of next week.

　　M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pains words for anything.

　　Q: What does the man imply about Pam?

　　5. W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.

　　M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesnt leave for another twenty minutes.

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　6. M: Frankly, Mary is not what Id call easy-going.

　　W: I see. People in our neighborhood fmd it hard to believe shes my twin sister.

　　Q: What does the woman imply?

　　7. M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?

　　W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five oclock.

　　Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

　　8. W: I really enjoy that piece you just played on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.

　　M: You said it. People just cant get enough of it.

　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

　　W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and Ill be interviewing you. How are you today?

　　M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?

　　W: Good, thanks. (9. Can you tell me something about your experience in this ldnd of work?

　　hi: (9. Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part-time because I also go to school at night. Im getting a business degree.

　　W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, (10. why do you want to leave your present job?

　　M: (10. Ill finish school in a few months, and Id like a full-time position with more responsibility.

　　W: And why would you like to work for our company?

　　M: Because I know your companys work and I like it.

　　W: ( 11 . Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?

　　M：(11)Of course.Im good at computers and I can speak Spanish.I used to take classes in Spanish at thelocal college.And I like traveling a lot.

　　W：Can you give me any references?

　　M：Yes，certainly.You can talk to Mr.McCaw，my boss，at the Brownstone Company.I could also give youthe nalries and numbers of several of my teachers.

　　W：AⅡright，Mr.Jones，(12)and would you like to ask me any questions?

　　M：(12)Yes,1 wonder when Ill be informed about my application for the job.

　　W：Well，well let you know as soon as possible.Let’s stay in touch.Thank you very much for coruing thisafternoon.

　　M：Thank you.

　　10.Why does the mail want to leave his present job?

　　11.What is the mall interested in?

　　12.What question did the mall ask the woman?

　　M：Lisa，Lisa!Over here，darling!It’S wonderful to see you.Oh.Lisa.you look marvelous.

　　W：Oh，Paul，you look tire dI Two months away in the capital?Patti，I think you，ve been working too hard.

　　M：Im fme。The city is very hot this time of the year.It’S good to get back to some fresh air.You know.

　　(13)Lisa,what they say about pregn an two menreally—is true.

　　W：What’S that，Paul?

　　M：(13)They say they l—ook beautiful.

　　W：Well，I had a lot of tension while you’ve been stud姐ng hard on your couie in D.C.

　　M：Oh?

　　W：Oh，don’t worry，all from a man over 50.Father has told all his business friends the good news about the

　　baby.And the phone hash’t stopped ringin9.

　　M：Oh，look，darlin9.There’S a taxi.

　　W：Paul，tell rile about the special project you mentioned Oil the phone.You sounded very excited about it l

　　M：You know，Ive learned a lot from the project.Im surplised that was still in business.

　　W：(14)Thats because we have a wonderful sales manager--you!

　　M：Thanks.But that’S not the problem at all.Lisa，Our little company，and it is little compared to the giants in

　　the city(15)Our little companys in danger.We are out of date.We needt0expand,ff we dont,we will

　　beswaled up by one of the giants.

　　13. What do we learn about Lisa?

　　14. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

　　15. What does the man say about his company?

　　(16)Fannington,Utah,is a more pleasant community since a local girls4-H club improved Main Stree—t.H girls worked to clean a 72一foot curbside that Was covered with weeds.rocks and trash.(17)Eachmember volunteered to clean up and to dig and plant five flats of flowers.They alSO took turns in watering.

　　weeding and maintaining the plot.(18)Participation in this project helped the girls develop a n—ew—attitudetowards the appearalnce of their own homes;theyve learned how to work with tools，and improve their Workhabits.One mother said that before her daughter Was involved in this project。she would not even pull a weed.The experience on Main Street stimulated self-inlprovement。and encouraged members to take pride in theirhome grounds and in the total community.City O蚯cials cooperated with the 4.H members in planting trees.building cooking facilities，picnic tables，swings and public restrooms.ne 4一H girls planted trees and tookcare of them during the early stages of growth.The total park project needed more plantings in the followingyears.(19)Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion,because they receivesatisfaction from the results of constructive work.The project is a growing one and has spread from the parkto the school and the shopping center.Trees and flowers have all been planted in the shopping center，makingthe atmosphere pleasant.

　　16. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?

　　17. What did the 4-H club members do about the curbside?

　　18. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?

　　19. Why did the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to completion?

　　According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U. S. National Education Association. youngAmericans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. (20. Over 50% of the 12- to18-year-olds interviewed said they enjoy reading a lot.79% find it stim ating and interesting. And 87% thinkit is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagree with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.Over haft the teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also showedthat middle school students read more books than high schoolers. (21 . Over 66% of teens like to read fiction,such as novels and stories. Only 26% were interested in non-fiction,.such as history books.64% of studentslisted reading stories about people my own age as their favorite topic. (21. Mysteries and detective storiescame second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own cultureand tradition. Of the teenagers who participated in the survey,49% said that libraries are where they get mostof their books. However, many complain that their school libraries do not have enough up-to-date interestingbooks and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the U. S. enjoy reading, they still have other interests.

　　(22. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week,48% said listening tomusic. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.

　　ed.

　　20. What does the survey on teenager reading show?

　　21. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?

　　22. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week?

　　Thank you for coming, everyone. ( 23 . Todays presentation will show how we see the development of themotor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today. Lets start withpower. Its clear that petrol-driven engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles onthe market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent thinkers have evenproduced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these alternative fuel vehicles, the mostpractical are electric vehicles. (24. Sure, in the past electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limiteddriving range and very few recharging points, which limited their use.(25. Now, however, recentdevelopments in electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms ofperformance and safety. Lets not forget that electric vehicles are cleaner. Plus, importantly, the power sourceis rechargeable, so this does not involve using any valuable resources. Moving on to communications, verysoon, cars will be linked to GPS satellites, so theyll do all the driving for you. "What controls the main for theusers will be audio-based. So, for example, youll just have to say "a bit warmer", and the air conditioningwill adjust automatically. Youll also be able to receive e-mail, music and movies, all via an internet link. Sojust type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch a movie, whatever.

　　23. What is the presentation mainly about?

　　24. What used to rest~ct the use of electric vehicles?

　　25. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?

　　26. especiallyc

　　27. driven

　　28. owned 的名詞papers的定語。0wned意為“擁有”。

　　29.commitsuicide 配，意為“自殺”。

　　30. debts 負債”。

　　31.shockingheadlinesc 震驚的大標題”。

　　32. amazed

　　意為“對……感到吃驚”。

　　33. reporting “報道”。

　　34.3trill1

　　35. human nature

　　作為一名老師，你可以用很多種方法把社區(qū)搬到你的教室里。學生的父母和祖父母對孩子們來說走貧源又是(36)資產(chǎn)。他們可以成為傳授其個人傳統(tǒng)和歷史的(37)優(yōu)秀老師。外來移民的家長可以談?wù)撍麄?38)本土國以及他們?yōu)槭裁匆�移民到美國。家長們可以被邀請來談?wù)撍麄兊墓ぷ骰蚴且粋�社區(qū)項目。當然，家長們并不是唯一的社區(qū)資源。當?shù)仄髽I(yè)的員工或是社區(qū)機構(gòu)人員都有著(39)最新的信息可以在課堂中分享。

　　實地考察為我們提供了另一個了解社區(qū)的機會。很多學生除了通過實地考察，沒有機會(40)參加音樂會或是參觀博物館和歷史景點。一個學區(qū)應(yīng)該有選擇和實施實地考察的(41)指導(dǎo)方針。每個家庭應(yīng)該對實地考察(42)有一定認識且允許孩子參加。 通過校園的項目，學生們可以學習(43)參與一些社區(qū)活動，從植樹到清理公園再到幫助老年人。學生們，(44)尤其是年齡大一些的，可以進行可能會使市政府或州政府采取行動的社區(qū)需求方面的調(diào)研。一些學校要求學生提供社區(qū)服務(wù)，比如在養(yǎng)老院、幼兒托管所或是政府機構(gòu)里(45)做志愿服務(wù)。這些項目有助于學生們理解他們對更大社區(qū)的責任.

　　名詞：A.assets資產(chǎn)，財產(chǎn);G.guidelines指導(dǎo)方針;L.origin起源

　　動詞：B.attend參加;H.involved包含;涉及;I.joining加入;K.observe觀察;M.recruited招募;O.volunteerin9自愿(做某事)

　　形容詞：C.aware意識到的;E.excellent優(yōu)秀的;F.expensive昂貴的;H.involved有關(guān)的;N.up—to.date最新的副詞：D.especially尤其;J.naturally自然地

　　36.Aassets

　　為名詞，故空格處也應(yīng)填入一個名詞。前句中提到，作為一名老師，你可以用很多種方法把社區(qū)搬到你的教室。父母和祖父母是孩子們的資源，且后文中又表述了他們可以教給孩子們的東西，結(jié)合resources和備選名詞可知，assets“資產(chǎn)，財產(chǎn)”為答案。備選的名詞中，9uidelines意為“指導(dǎo)方針”，origin意為“起源”，均不適合來解釋父母和祖父母的角色，不符合句意，故均排除。

　　37. E. excellent

　　詞。除去空格處的詞義外，句意為：他們可以成為傳授其個人傳統(tǒng)和歷史的老師。用某個形容詞來修飾teachers，備選的形容詞中，只有excellent“優(yōu)秀的”符合句意，故為答案。備選的形容詞中，aware“意識到的”、expensive“昂貴的”、involved“有關(guān)的”和up—to—date“最新的”均不可修飾teachers，故均排除。

　　38. L. origin

　　詞。country of origin為固定搭配，意思是“起源國，原產(chǎn)國”，這里指的是移民的本土國，故0rigin“起源”為答案。備選的名詞中，guidelines意為“指導(dǎo)方針”，顯然不符合句意，故排除。

　　39. N. up-to-dateo

　　為形容詞。該句句意為：當?shù)仄髽I(yè)的員工或是社區(qū)機構(gòu)人員都有著一信息可以在課堂中分享。根據(jù)常識判斷，和上文中提到的家長相比，企業(yè)的員工和社區(qū)機構(gòu)人員能夠給孩子們帶來更前沿的信息，而up-t0date“最新的”恰好符合句意，故為答案。備選的形容詞中，aware“意識到的”、expensive“昂貴的”和involved“有關(guān)的”均不符合句意，故均排除。

　　40. B. attend

　　為動詞原形。此處意思是很多學生沒有機會去參加音樂會，故attend“參加”為答案。備選的動詞原形observe意為“觀察”，不符合句意，故排除。

　　41. G. guidelines

　　故該空格處應(yīng)為名詞。上文中提到了實地考察給學生們帶來的好處。再根據(jù)整句句意一個學區(qū)應(yīng)該有選擇和實施實地考察的——。故guidelines“指導(dǎo)方針”為答案。

　　42. C. awareo

　　主動語態(tài)，此處應(yīng)是be——0f，故推測空格處為形容詞。固定搭配be aware of意為“知道，有一定認識”，符合句意，故答案為aware“意識到的”。

　　43. H. involved

　　填入一個形容詞。根據(jù)句中后面部分的ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park…可知這些都是社區(qū)活動。固定搭配be involved in意為“參與”，符合句意，故答案為involved“有關(guān)的”。備選的形容詞expensive“昂貴的”不符合句意，故排除。

　　44. D. especially

　　填入副詞。分析旬意可知，students顯然是一個大的范圍，而older ones則為其中一個部分，因此是在具體舉例或是特殊強調(diào)，只有especially“尤其”能夠起到這樣的作用，由此確定答案。備選副詞naturally“自然地”不符合句意，故排除。

　　45.volunteering 詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。該句前半部分為學校要求學生提供社區(qū)服務(wù)，而后半部分具體列舉在養(yǎng)老院、幼兒托管所或是政府機構(gòu)，根據(jù)常識判斷，學生在這幾個地方提供的一般都是志愿者服務(wù)，因此volunteerin9“自愿(做某事)”，符合句意，故為答案。備選的動名詞中，joinin9意為“加入”，但是join in意思是“加入，參加”，不符合句意，故排除。

　　收獲冒險帶來的回報

　　A.自從史蒂夫喬布斯辭去蘋果公司的首席執(zhí)行官職務(wù)，他無與倫比的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖的身份為人稱道，他為股東創(chuàng)造了巨大的財富，并且引導(dǎo)設(shè)計了變革整個音樂和移動通訊行業(yè)的拳頭產(chǎn)品。

　　B.這一切都是真的，但是，讓我們換一種想法，借用一下蘋果公司多年前的營銷口號。讓我們把喬布斯先生視為一住行為榜樣。

　　C.首先，他是一個創(chuàng)新者。他的創(chuàng)造力在諸如iPod，iPhone和iPad這樣的產(chǎn)品中可見一斑，以及在對音樂和在線手機軟件進行定價和推銷的新商業(yè)模式中得以體現(xiàn)。對于創(chuàng)新的研究會得出相同的結(jié)論：你無法策劃創(chuàng)新，但是你可以增加它發(fā)生的可能性。而喬布斯先生的事業(yè)可以被視為對增加這種可能性的不斷追求，不僅是為了他自己，同時也是為了他所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的公司。當然，喬布斯先生也非常享受這種非凡的成功。(51)但是創(chuàng)新，廣泛地定義為所有經(jīng)濟進步的關(guān)鍵要素——給國家?guī)�來更快的發(fā)展，讓公司擁有更多有競爭力的產(chǎn)品，給個人帶來更興旺的事業(yè)。很多專家說，喬布斯先生為我們展示了在創(chuàng)新游戲中是什么在起作用。

　　D.一位為企業(yè)和政府提供創(chuàng)新咨詢的顧問約翰高說：“我們可以從史蒂夫喬布斯那里看到并學習到美國創(chuàng)新的本質(zhì)是什么�！�(49)他指出，目前很多其他國家在生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)新的原材料方面領(lǐng)先于美國。這些包括政府對于科研方面的資金支持、國家對于新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策扶持、教育上的成果、工程師和科學家的培養(yǎng)，甚至還有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)寬帶服務(wù)的網(wǎng)速。

　　E.(52)但是，高先生補充說，其他國家明顯缺少的是一種鼓勵多樣性、實驗、冒險和把多種不同領(lǐng)域的技能融入到產(chǎn)品之中的他稱之為“打碎重組”的社會環(huán)境。正如iPhone，重新定義了智能手機的范疇。他說：“其他國家的文化并不會像美國那樣支持喬布斯所示范的創(chuàng)新。”

　　F.如今所有行業(yè)的工作人員都被告知廣泛的好奇心和不斷的學習對振興現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟至關(guān)重要。(54)職業(yè)顧問說，正規(guī)教育很重要，但是真實的生活經(jīng)歷通常甚至更有價值。

　　G.喬布斯先生是一個被領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的孩子，在硅谷長大，他很早便表現(xiàn)出了那些品質(zhì)。他小時候就對電子產(chǎn)品著迷，建立Heathldt自己動手項目，比如收音機。他僅僅上了一個學期的課便從瑞德學院輟學，從此便游歷印度尋找靈感，之后才回到硅谷和他的朋友史蒂芬沃茲涅克，一個工程界的奇才，共同創(chuàng)辦了蘋果公司。喬布斯在1985年被迫離開了蘋果公司，之后創(chuàng)辦了另外兩家公司——Next和Pixar，他在1996年再次回到蘋果公司，并于1997年成為了首席執(zhí)行官。

　　H.他的道路是不同尋常的，但是創(chuàng)新專家說這種探索模式是正常的。(53)歐洲企業(yè)管理研究院的一名教授赫爾葛瑞格森說：“通常正是像喬布斯這樣可以從多種經(jīng)歷中有所借鑒的人才能經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生突破性的想法和見解�！�

　　I.葛瑞格森先生是《創(chuàng)新者的DNA)這本新書的合著者。這本書是基于對全球5，000位創(chuàng)業(yè)者和高管們長達八年的研究寫成的。該書的另兩位合著者為楊百翰大學的教授杰夫代爾和哈佛商學院的教授克萊頓克里斯坦森，后者l997年出版的書《創(chuàng)新者的困境》普及了“顛覆性創(chuàng)新”的概念。

　　J.學術(shù)界發(fā)現(xiàn)了顛覆性創(chuàng)新者的五個共同特點：質(zhì)疑、實驗、觀察、聯(lián)想和建立關(guān)系網(wǎng)。這些特點的總與其他專家所提到的不斷的好奇心和勇于冒險相呼應(yīng)。赫爾葛瑞格森解釋說，這里的建立關(guān)系網(wǎng)，并不是構(gòu)建事業(yè)關(guān)系，而是對于新想法的不斷探求。(50)他補充說，聯(lián)想指的是通過將不同學科的概念聯(lián)系到一起：從而絲盛能夠產(chǎn)生新想法的關(guān)聯(lián)的能力。

　　K.葛瑞格森先生說：“創(chuàng)新者會定期參與這種腦力活動，這是他們的一種習慣�！睋�(jù)書的作者說，創(chuàng)新型公司確實會在股票市場中獲得更高的估價，他們稱之為“創(chuàng)新溢價”。它是通過對公司股價的估算，而不是通過對其現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品或是資金流來計算的。創(chuàng)新溢價試圖量化投資者因公司的創(chuàng)新而賭公司將來會更好的預(yù)期。

　　L.通過他們的計算，蘋果公司在喬布斯先生掌管的第一階段有37%的創(chuàng)新溢價。(55)他離開的時間里發(fā)生了31%的創(chuàng)新折價。在他曰歸之后，蘋果公司的財富在一開始逐漸增長，從2005年開始顯著地增長，從那時起便達到了52%的創(chuàng)新溢價。

　　M)這并沒有真憑實據(jù)，但赫爾葛瑞格森說，喬布斯先生如果沒有離開蘋果公司之后的經(jīng)歷，(48)尤其是在制作了一系列重要的、成功的商業(yè)電影如《玩具總動員》和《飛屋環(huán)游記》的Par動畫制作工作室的那段時間，那么他在蘋果公司的第二階段內(nèi)就不可能徹底改造這個產(chǎn)業(yè).

　　N.喬布斯先生在2005年斯坦福大學的畢業(yè)典禮上說過大致相同的話=(47)他告訴學生：“事實證明被蘋果公司辭退是我遇到的最好的事情了：”他也提到了堅持和意志力：他說：“有時候生活會給你當頭一棒。不要失去信念�！�

　　O.(46)喬布斯先生通過對創(chuàng)新的呼吁結(jié)束了典禮致辭，倡導(dǎo)大家在擇業(yè)和生活上都要創(chuàng)新：他對學生們說，要有好奇心、敢于實踐和冒險。他引用了《全球目錄》最終版的封底上的文字“求知若饑，虛心若愚”對這些建議進行了強調(diào)。他補充道：“我經(jīng)常希望自己是這樣，而現(xiàn)在，鑒于你們已經(jīng)畢業(yè)了，要重新開始，我希望你們也是這樣�！�

　　46. Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovateinhiscommencement address.

　　O. Mr. Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation, both in ones choice of work and in ones life. Be curious,experiment,take risks,he said to the students. His advice was emphasized by the words on the back of the final edition of The Who/e Earth Catalog, which he quoted: "Stay hungry. Stay foolish. " "And," Mr. Jobs said, "I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. "

　　47. Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple.

　　N. Mr.Jobssuggestedmuchthesamethingduringa commencement address to the graduating class at StanfordUniversity in 2005."It turned out that getting fired fromApple was the best thing that could have ever happened tome," he told the students.Mr.Jobs also spokeofperseverance (堅持 . and will power."Sometimes life hitsyou in the head with a brick," he said. "Dont lose faith. "

　　48. Steve Jobs once used computers to make movies that were commercial hits.

　　M. There is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing, as he has done in his second term at Apple,without theexperienceoutside thecompany, especially at Pixar--the computer-animation ( 動畫制作 )studio that created a string of critically and commerciallysuccessful movies, such as "Toy Story" and "Up. "

　　49. Many governmentshavedonemore than the US government inproviding the raw materials forinnovation.

　　D. "We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence ofAmerican innovation is,"John Kao,an innovation consultant to corporations and governments.Many othernations, Mr. John Kao notes, are now ahead of the United States in producwhat are considered the raw materials ofinnovation. These include government financing for scientific research, national policies to support emerging industries, educational achevement, engineers and scientists graduated, even the speeds of Interuet broadband service.

　　50. Great innovatorsare goodat connecting concepts from various academic fields.

　　J. The academics identify five traits that are common to thedisruptive innovators: questioning, experimenting, observing,associating and networking.Their bundle of characteristics echoes the ceaseless curiosity and willingness to take risks noted by other experts.Networking,Mr.Hal Gregersenexplains, is less about career-building relationships than a consistent search for new ideas. Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-producing connections cncepts from different disciplines.

　　51. Innovation is vital todriving economicprogress.

　　C. Above all, he is an innovator (創(chuàng)新者 ). His creative force is seen inproducts such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and in new business modelsfor pricing and distributing music and mobile software online. Studies ofinnovation come to the same conclusion: you cant engineer innovation, butyou can increase the odds of it occtwring. And Mr. Jobs career can beviewed as a consistent pursuit of improving those odds, both for himself and the companies he has led. Mr. Jobs, of course, has enjoyed singularsuccess. But innovation, broadly defined, is the erncial gredlent in alleeonomirogress--higher growth for nations, more competitive productsfor companies, and more prosperous careers for individuals. And Mr. Jobs, many experts say, exemplifies what works in the innovation game.

　　52, America has a social environmentflint is particularly favorable toinnowation.

　　E. Yet what other nation,s ack, Mr. Kao adds, is a socialenvironment that encottra ges diversity, experimentations, risk-taking, aad combining skills from many fields into products thathe calls " recombinant mash-ups ( 打碎重組. ,ke theiPhone, which redefined the smartphon.e category. "The cplture

　　of other countries doesnt support the kind of innovation thatSteve Jobs exemplifies, as America does." Mr. John Kao says.

　　53. Innovative ideas often come fromdiveme experiences.

　　H.His path was unique, but innovation experts say the pattern of exploration is not unusual. "Its often people like Steve Jobswho can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrough ideas and insights," says Hal Gregemen, a professor at the European Institute of BusinessAdministration.

　　54. Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success.

　　F. Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learning are vital to thriving in the modern economy. Formal education matters, career counselorssay, but real-llfe experience is often even morevaluable.

　　55. Apples fortunes suffere from an innovation discount during Jobs absence.

　　L . Apple, by their calculations, had a 37 percentinnovation premium during Mr. Jobs first term withthe company. His years in exile resulted in a 31percent innovation discount.After his return,Apples fortunes improved gradually at first, andimproved markedly starting in 2005, yielding a 52percent innovation premium since then.

　　(56)垃圾食品無處不在。我們吃得實在是太多了。我們中的大多數(shù)人明明知道自己在做什么，但是還依然這么做。

　　(60)因此蘭德公司的兩住研究員提出以下建議：為什么不借鑒控酒政策，并將其運用到食品的出售場所和擺放模式上呢?

　　(57)“很多控制肥胖癥的政策措施都假定人們能夠有意識并理性地選擇吃什么、吃多少，因此這些政策措施重點在于提供有關(guān)健康食品的信息和獲取渠道，”兩位研究者提到。

　　(57)“相反，”研究人員繼續(xù)說道，“很多沒有假定人們會做出理性選擇的規(guī)章條例已成功地應(yīng)用于酒精管控：和食品一樣，酒精是一種無節(jié)制攝取會導(dǎo)致嚴重健康問題的物質(zhì)�！�

　　該研究參考了有關(guān)人們飲食和飲酒行為的研究成果以及對酒精管控的效果，然后列舉出五項研究者認為有望實施到垃圾食品上的規(guī)定。其中包括：

　　(58)密度限制：售酒許可證不是毫無計劃地頒發(fā)給所有申請者，而是基于某一地區(qū)現(xiàn)有售酒場所的數(shù)量分配的。這使人們不那么容易買到酒，以此減少飲酒的心理暗示。同樣，研究者說，看到垃圾食品就能刺激人們吃的欲望。因此，為何不限制食品銷售點的密度，尤其是出售那些富含空熱量的食品呢?為何不限制那些不是主要經(jīng)營食品的商店里面的食品銷售呢?

　　(59)擺放與出售限制：加利福尼亞州規(guī)定加油站不得將酒類擺放在收銀臺附近，而且在大部分地區(qū)，你在提供免下車服務(wù)的場所買不到酒類。在超市里，食品公司花錢將其產(chǎn)品放在消費者易見的區(qū)域。因此，可以將垃圾食品轉(zhuǎn)移到商店的后面，并禁止將其擺放在結(jié)賬隊伍旁的貨架上。其他的措施還包括限制食物量、向垃圾食品征稅、禁止垃圾食品特價銷售以及在產(chǎn)品上貼警告標志。

　　56. B。

　　57. C.。

　　58. D。

　　會問題”均未在原文中提及，故排除。

　　59.D。

　　60.C。

　　全文翻譯

　　(61)柯達公司申請破產(chǎn)保護的決定雖然并不出乎意料，但對這個領(lǐng)先的美國公司來說是一個令人傷心的轉(zhuǎn)折點。柯達公司開創(chuàng)了消費者攝影的先河，并且統(tǒng)領(lǐng)膠片市場長達幾十年。然而，它最終未能適應(yīng)數(shù)字化主這一發(fā)展趨勢。

　　(62)盡管許多人把柯達公司的衰落歸因于它的“自滿”，但這一解釋掩蓋了柯達公司為了改造自己而做出的長期努力。幾十年前，柯達公司就已經(jīng)預(yù)見到數(shù)碼攝影將會趕超膠片。事實上，柯達公司在1975就發(fā)明了第一臺數(shù)碼照相機。然而，在這一決定命運的抉擇中，柯達公司選擇了擱置新發(fā)明而把注意力繼續(xù)集主查傳統(tǒng)堂片業(yè)務(wù)上。

　　哈佛商學院的教授麗貝卡亨德森說，柯達公司并非無視未來，而是它沒有實施策略來應(yīng)對未來。當這家公司意識到自己的錯誤時，卻為時已晚。 柯迭公司是這樣一個例子：它非常清楚地意識到必須適應(yīng)未來，而且花了大量的金錢4-$2這樣做，但最終還是以失敗告終。(62)大公司很難轉(zhuǎn)向新市場，因為把現(xiàn)有的資產(chǎn)投放到新業(yè)務(wù)上是要經(jīng)受住一定誘惑的。

　　盡管柯達公司預(yù)料到數(shù)碼攝影終將崛起，(63)但它的企業(yè)文化過度沉溺于過去的輝煌，以至于它無法塑底脫離過去，也就無法全力迎接未來�？逻_是一家時間還停留在過去的公司。(64)它的歷史對它來說如此重要，以至于現(xiàn)在它的歷史已經(jīng)成為它的一種負擔。

　　柯達公司在過去幾十年間的衰落是極具戲劇性的。l976年，這家公司占據(jù)了攝影膠片市場90%的份額和照相機市場85%的份額。然而，20世紀80年代，柯達公司遇到了一個新的競爭對手——日本的富士膠片公司。富士公司通過壓低膠片和照片的價格來打壓柯達公司。(65)柯達公司決定不尋求成為1984年洛杉礬奧運會的官方膠片贊助商是一個重大的決策失誤。富士公司獲得了競標，并利用這次贊助在市場上贏得了永久的立足點。

　　61.B。

　　62，A。

　　63.D。

　　64.A。

　　65.C。

　　上贏得了永久的立足點，故答案為C.。

　　In the eyes of the western people, the basic food that is mostly related to China is rice. For a long time,rice has played a very important part in Chinese peoples diet, so that there is a proverb that goes like this: Onecant make bricks without straw. Rice is mainly grown in southern China and people usually eat rice as thestaple food. Since it is too cold or too dry to grow rice in most areas of northern China, wheat is the maincrop. In China, some people use flour to make bread, but for most people, it is used to make steamed buns

　　and noodles.

　　1.翻譯第一句時，注意“在……心目中”要翻譯為in the eyes of…�！昂椭袊�聯(lián)系最為密切的基本食物”要使用定語從句，其中“基本食物”the basic food作為先行詞;“和中國聯(lián)系最為密切”可翻譯為that is mostly related to China，修飾the basic food。

　　2.翻譯第二句時，要注意“以至于”前后為兩個完整的句子，所以用SOthat來連接。前句中“長期以來”譯為for a long time;“占據(jù)很重要的地位”譯為has played a very important part in…后句中的諺語“巧婦難為無米之 炊”可以采用直譯法譯為Even a clever woman cant cook a good meal without rice.還可以采用意譯法譯為If you have no hand you can’t make a fist./You Can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs./You Can’t make a silk purse out of a SOW’S ear./You can’t make something out of nothing.等。

　　3.第三句包含兩個用分號隔開的分句，因為句子太長，翻譯時可譯為兩個獨立的句子。翻譯第一個分句時，注意 “中國南方大多種植水稻”要采用被動語態(tài)，可翻譯為rice is mainly grown in southern China;“以……為主食”可譯為eat…as the staple food。翻譯后一個分句時，也將其獨立成句。注意“華北大部分地區(qū)過于寒冷或 過于干燥”是“無法種植水稻”的原因，但是屬于眾所周知的客觀原因，因此用since來引導(dǎo)即可。另外，這里 用too…to…句型來表示“過于……而無法……”。

　　4.翻譯最后一句時，注意“用面粉做面包”和“用面粉做饅頭和面條”要盡量避免使用相同的句式，故前一句翻譯 為use flour to make bread，而后一句則翻譯為it is used to make steamed buns and noodles。

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