2017年英語四級考試真題
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PartⅠWriting (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying"Listening is more important than talking." You can cite examples to illustrate theimportance of paying attention to others' opinions.You should write at least 120 words, but no more than 180 words.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C,and D.and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer .Sheet I with a single line through the center.
1.A.They admire the courage of space explorers.
B.They were going to watch a wonderful movie.
C.They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.
D.They like doing scientific exploration very much.
2.A.In a school library.
B.At a gift shop.
C.In the office of a travel agency.
D.At a graduation ceremony.
3.A.He used to work in the art gallery.
B.He does not have a good memory.
C.He is not interested in any part-time jobs.
D.He declined a job offer from the art gallery.
4.A.He will be unable to attend the birthday party.
B.The woman should have informed him earlier.
C.He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.
D.Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.
5.A.Set a deadline for the staff to meet.
B.Assign more workers to the project.
C.Reward those having made good progress.
D.Encourage the staff to work in small groups.
6.A.Where she can leave her car.
B.The rate for parking in Lot C.
C.How far away the parking lot is.
D.The way to the visitor's parking.
7.A.He regrets missing the classes.
B.He has benefited from exercise.
C.He plans to take the fitness classes.
D.He is looking forward to a better life.
8.A.How to select secretaries.
B.How to raise work efficiency.
C.The responsibilities of secretaries.
D.The secretaries in the man's company.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A.It is used by more people than English.
B.It is more difficult to learn than English.
C.It will be as commonly used as English.
D.It will eventually become a world language.
10.A.Its popularity with the common people.
B.The effect of the Industrial Revolution.
C.The influence of the British Empire.
D.Its loan words from many languages.
11.A.It has a growing number of newly coined words.
B.It includes a lot of words from other languages.
C.It is the largest among all languages in the world.
D.It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A.To place an order.
B.To apply for a job.
C.To return some goods.
D.To make a complaint.
13.A.He works on a part-time basis for the company.
B.He has not worked in the sales department for long.
C.He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.
D.He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.
14.A.It is not his responsibility.
B.It will be free for large orders.
C.It depends on a number of factors.
D.It costs￡15 more for express delivery.
15.A.Make inquiries with some other companies.
B.Report the information to her superior.
C.Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.
D.Ring back when she comes to a decision.
Section B
Directions :In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C.and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the center.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A.No one knows for sure when they came into being.
B.No one knows exactly where they were first made.
C.No one knows for what purpose they were invented.
D.No one knows what they will look like in the future.
17.A.Measure the speed of wind.
B.Give warnings of danger.
C.Pass on secret messages.
D.Carry ropes across rivers.
18.A.To find out the strength of silk for kites.
B.To test the effects of the lightning rod.
C.To prove that lightning is electricity.
D.To protect houses against lightning.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A.She was born with a talent for languages.
B.She was tainted to be an interpreter.
C.She can speak several languages.
D.She enjoys teaching languages.
20.A.They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.
B.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.
C.They acquire an immunity to culture shock.
D.They would like to live abroad permanently.
21.A.She became an expert in horse racing.
B.She learned to appreciate classical music.
C.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.
D.She got a chance to visit several European countries.
22.A.Take part in a cooking competition.
B.Taste the beef and give her comment.
C.Teach vocabulary for food in English.
D.Give cooking lessons on Western food.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23.A.He had only a third-grade education.
B.He once threatened to kill his teacher.
C.He often helped his mother do housework.
D.He grew up in a poor single-parent family.
24.A.Stupid.
B.Active.
C.Brave.
D.Careless.
25.A.Watch educational TV programs only.
B.Write two book reports a week.
C.Help with housework.
D.Keep a diary.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.
彗星). comet to form a huge cloud.As the comet gets even nearer to the sun, a solar wind blows thecloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail.The tall and (模糊的) atmospherearound a In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits.The averageperson can't see them all, of course.Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough onits earthly visit.It won't be back for another four thousand years or so.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases orincreases in an information-based society.However, they generally agree with the idea that inequalityin the information society from that of an industrial society.As informationprogresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well. analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass possible when the actual amount of the user is taken intoaccount.In fact, the more throughout the entire society, the wider the gapbecomes between "information haves" and "information have-mots", leading to digital divide. According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three sex, andgeneration.In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between theupper and middle classes and the lower sex, digital divide exists between menand women.The greatest gap, however, is between the A.accustomed
B.acquired
C.assembly
D.attribute
E.champions
F.elements
G.expands
H.familiar
I.flows
J.fundamentally
K.interpretation
L.passive
M.regard
N.respectively
O.superficial
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Joy: A Subject Schools Lack
Becoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.
A.When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted itwould solve three problems at once : feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severedepression, and stimulate the restaurant business.Even as a satire (諷刺), it seems disgusting andshocking in America with its child-centered culture.But actually, the country is closer to hisproposal than you might think.
B.If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words :"standards,""results,""skills,""self-control,""accountability," and so on.I have visited someof the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.
C.A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when peoplethink about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makeschildhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.
D.I'm a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist.So I've watched a lot ofchildren-talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young.Here's what I've come tounderstand.The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack ofskills.It's their enormous capacity for joy.Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding outwhat he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbedin a fascinating comic strip.A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and deriveintense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying toreturn to.
E.A friend told me the following story.One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccerpractice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had criticized himfor not focusing on his soccer drills.The little boy walked out of the school with his head andshoulders hanging down.He seemed wrapped in sadness.But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.His face wentdown lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, "Dad.Come here.This is thestrangest bug I've ever seen.It has, like, a million legs.Look at this.It's amazing." He looked
upat his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight."Can't we stay here for just aminute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs.This is the coolest ever."
F.The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct ofyouth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance(堅持不懈), obligation, and practicality.Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intenseabsorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking.Human lives are governed bythe desire to experience joy.Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead tofinding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conductingexperiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringingtogether nonsense words, for example.In some cases, schools should help children find new,more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, makingfriends, making decisions:
G. Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard.It wouldjust require a shift in the education world's mindset (思維模式).Instead of trying to get children towork hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, likemaking things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not
so different from the things in which they delight.
H. Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in anation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, thinkagain.The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving anyeducational success.
I.Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured bytheir administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.Theassumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead,they should learn to delay gratification (快樂) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to
college.
J.Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally.Decadesof research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need towant to learn.You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practicedivision.But you can't force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information,or develop a taste for learning.To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure inlearning-to see school as a source of joy.
K.Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good foryou.Why not instead think of learning as if it were food--something so valuable to humans thatthey have evolved to experience it as a pleasure ?
L.Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.The more difficult achild's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom."Pleasure" is not a dirty word.And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education.It is, infact, the precondition.
46.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.
47.What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they
aredoing.
48.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.
49.It is human nature to seek joy in life.
50.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.
51.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.
52.Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.
53.Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.
54.In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.
55.To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C.andD .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer.
Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
When it's five o'clock, people leave their office.The length of the workday, for many workers, isdefined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done.
These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones andcomputers.That may be a bad thing, particularly at work.New research shows that clock-based workschedules hinder morale (士氣) and creativity.
Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example: a meeting from9 a.m.to 10 a.m.research from 10 a.m.to noon, etc.On the other hand, task-timers have a list ofthings they want to accomplish.They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task iscompleted.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.
What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us moreproductive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet andAnne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities-from project planning, holidayshopping, to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "tasktinge." They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control overtheir lives.Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive.They tend to enjoy themoment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.
The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported inbusiness culture.Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into theirstrategies.
This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers arguethat it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time.Whilemost people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing shouldbe used when performing a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-
doers will be happier.
56.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?
A.It makes everybody time-conscious.
B.It is a convenience for work and life.
C.It may have a negative effect on creative work.
D.It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.
57.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?
A.They combine clock-based and task-based planning.
B.They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.
C.They set a time limit for each specific task.
D.They accomplish their tasks one by one.
58.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?
A.They seize opportunities as they come up.
B.They always get their work done in time.
C.They have more control-over their lives.
D.They tend to be more productive.
59.What do the researchers say about today's business culture?
A.It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.
B.It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.
C.It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.
D.It alms to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.
60.What do the researchers suggest?
A.Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.
B.It is important to keep a balance between work and life.
C.Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.
D.A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004.As she neared the end of herprison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there issimply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."
Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich andpowerful.Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on ashockingly large number of Americans.who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.
At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record.This can result in severepenalties that continue long after punishment is completed.
Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person'sindividual circumstances.Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professionaland business licensing.They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.
In all, more than 45.000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fullyparticipating in American life.
Some laws make sense.No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia (戀童癖) workin a school.But too often collateral (隨附的) consequences bear no relation to public safety.Should awoman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as anurse?
These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal recordsto find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.
A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-convictionpenalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety.Where the penalties are not amust, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.
The point is not to excuse or forget the crime.Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vastcriminal justice system, second chances are crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment ofthe population on the margins of society.
61.What does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest?
A.Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.
B.Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.
C.Her release from prison has drawn little attention.
D.Her prison sentence might have been extended.
62.What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?
A.They backslide after serving their terms in prison.
B.They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.
C.They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.
D.They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.
63.What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?
A.They remain poor for the rest of their lives.
B.They are deprived of all social benefits.
C.They are marginalized in society.
D.They are deserted by their family.
64.What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?
A.They help to maintain social stability.
B.Some of them have long been outdated.
C.They are hardly understood by the public.
D.A lot of them have negative effects on society.
65.what is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A.To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.
B.To appeal for changes in America's criminal justice system.
C.To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.
D.To call people's attention to prisoners' conditions in America.
Part ⅣTranslation( 30 minutes )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should, write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中國父母往往過于關(guān)注孩子的學(xué)習(xí)，以至于不要他們幫忙做家務(wù)，他們對孩子的首要要求就是努力學(xué)習(xí)，考得好，能上名牌大學(xué).他們相信這是為孩子好，因為在中國這樣競爭激烈的社會里，只有成績好才能保證前途光明.中國父母還認為，如果孩子能在社會上取得大的成就，父母就會受到尊敬.因此，他們愿意犧牲自己的時間、愛好和興趣，為孩子提供更好的條件.
2015年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題答案與詳解(第1套)
Part Ⅰ Writing
寫作思路
這是一篇四級考試中常見的議論文.要求考生就一句格苦進行論述.這句格言Listening is more importantthantalking.“傾聽比談?wù)摳匾?rdquo;措辭簡單.意思明了，考生比較容易把握.因此寫起來并不難.寫作時.考生應(yīng)該將重點放在第二段舉例闡釋傾聽比談?wù)摳匾脑蛏?聯(lián)系實際分析可知，其原因主要有：傾聽是交際之規(guī)則.只有善于傾聽于能表達劉別人的尊重.同時傾昕對聽者自身也不無裨益.
寫作提綱
一、闡述“傾聽比談?wù)摳匾?rdquo;的內(nèi)涵：傾聽別人的意見比表達自己的想法重要得多(paying attention to others’opinions is much more important than expressing one’s own words)
范文點評
全文翻譯
傾聽比談?wù)摳匾?/p>
如今，“傾聽比談?wù)摳匾?rdquo;這一格言流行起來.這句格言道出了在社會中與人交往的真諦：傾聽別人的意見
比表達自己的想法重要得多
就我而言，有兩個原因可以解釋該準則的正確性.首先，傾聽可以表達對他人的尊重?在這樣一個競爭激烈的社會，樂于傾聽可以為自己贏得信任和友誼，而這恰恰是我們社交的基本準則一個夸夸其談而不善于傾聽的人注定要孤立，此外，傾聽可以使自己受益.毋庸置疑.你是自己命運的主宰然而，他人的不同觀點肯定會豐富你的頭腦，并為今后的行動帶來啟迪
綜上所述，在很多場合，傾聽確實比談?wù)摳匾�，在現(xiàn)代社套中，我們需要掌握一些溝通技巧，我們只有認識到傾聽的重要性，才能過上更好的生活.
拓展空間
Part ⅡListening, Comprehension
1.M: Do you remember the wonderful film on space exploration we watched together last month? W: Sure.It's actually the most impressive one I've seen on that topic.
Q: What do we learn about the speakers?
C.四個選項的主語均為they.且選項動詞多表達情感.通過選項中的space explorers，movie，space exploration等間可以判斷.本題意在考查說話者對太空探險或電影的評價.
男士詢問女士是否還記得他們上個月看的那部關(guān)于太空探險的精彩電影，女士表示這是她看過的關(guān)于太空探險題材的印象最深的一部電影.通過對話中的wonderful film和the most impressiveone等關(guān)鍵詞可知，他們非常喜歡男士所提及的那部關(guān)于太空探險的電影.故答案為C.
2.W: Are you looking for anything in particular?
M : Yes.My son is graduating from high school, and I want to get him something special. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
B.四個選項中出現(xiàn)了school library.gift shop.travel agency和graduation ceremony等表示地點或場合的詞匯，可以推測對話旨在考查事件發(fā)生的地點.
女士詢問男士是否在找什么特別之物.男士說他兒子即將高中畢業(yè).他想送給孩子一件有意義的東西.由此可知，對話可能發(fā)生在禮品店.男士準備買件特別的禮物送給兒子，故答案為
B.
3.M : Mike told me yesterday that he had been looking in vain for a job in the art gallery. W: Really? If I remember right, he had a chance to work there, but he turned it down.
Q: What does the woman say about Mike'?
D.四個選項均以he開頭，且出現(xiàn)了work，part.joblessness，ajob offer等詞，由此可以推測本題考查的內(nèi)容與男士的工作有關(guān).
男士說麥克告訴他在美術(shù)館找工作的事無果而終.女士表示懷疑，因為她聽說麥克曾有機會在那里工作，但是被他拒絕了.由此呵知.麥克放棄了在美術(shù)館的工作，并非是無果而終，declined一詞是原文turned down的同義轉(zhuǎn)換.故答案為D..
4.W: Would you like to come to Susan's birthday party tomorrow evening'?
M: I'm going to give a lecture tomorrow.I wish I could be in two places at the same time.
Q: What does the man mean?
A.四個選項中兩次出現(xiàn)birthday party，町以推測對話與生日派對有關(guān).各選項的主語為he，the woman，Susan，聽音時應(yīng)特別注意主語與birthday party的關(guān)系.
女士詢問男士明天晚上能否參加蘇珊的生日派對，男士說自己明天有個講座，因此無法分身，也就是無法參加蘇珊的生日派對，故答案為A..
5.W: Aren't you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making?
M: Yes.I think I will give them a deadline and hold them to it.
Q: What is the man probably going to do?
A.四個選項均為動詞短語，且出現(xiàn)了deadline，staff，workers，project，work等與工作相關(guān)的詞匯，故而推測本題考查的內(nèi)容與員工或工作有關(guān).
女士詢問男士對員工的工作進度慢是否感到不滿，男士表示贊同，并打算給員工設(shè)定期限并讓他們遵守，故答案為A..
6.W: Excuse me.Could you tell me where the visitor's parking is? I left my car there.
M: Sure.It's in Lot C.Over that way.
Q: What does the woman want to know?
D.四個選項中出現(xiàn)了car，parking，lot等詞，由此可知，本題考查的內(nèi)容與停車場有關(guān). 女士問男士訪客停車場在哪里，她的車停那里了，男士說就在那邊的C區(qū)停車場.由此可推斷，女士想知道如何去訪客停車場，故答案為D.
7.W: You look great! Now that you've taken those fitness classes.
M: Thanks.I've never felt better in my life.
Q: What does the man mean?
B.四個選項均以he作主語，且出現(xiàn)了classes，exercise，fitness classes等詞，可以推測對話內(nèi)容與男士的健身有關(guān).
女士夸贊男士自從上健身課以來氣色不錯，男士說他從未感覺像現(xiàn)在這樣好.由此可以推測，男士認為自己在健身活動中獲益匪淺，故答案為B..
8.W: I really admire the efficiency of your secretaries.
M: Our company selects only the best.They have a heavy workload and we give them a lot ofresponsibilities.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
D.四個選項中出現(xiàn)了secretaries，work efficiency，responsibilities，company等詞，由此可以判斷本題內(nèi)容與公司秘書的工作有關(guān)，可能會探討如何選秘書、如何提高工作效率、秘書的職責(zé)等問題.
女士對男士秘書的工作效率大加贊賞，男士說他們公司只選擇最棒的人當秘書，他們的工作量大、責(zé)任重.由此可知，對話雙方在評價男士公司的秘書，因此答案為D.
Conversation One
W: Hi Leo, why do you say English would become the world language?
M: Well, for one thing, it's so commonly used.(9) The only language that is used by more people is Chinese.
W: Why is English spoken by so many people?
M: (10) It's spoken in many countries of the world because of the British Empire.And now of course there isthe influence of America as well.
W: Many students find English a difficult language to learn.
M: Oh, all languages are difficult to learn.But English does have two great advantages.
W: What are they?
M: Well, first of all, it has a very international vocabulary.( 11 ) It has many German, Dutch, French, Spanishand Italian words in it, so speakers of those languages will find many familiar words in English.In fact,
English has words from many other languages as well.
W: Why is that?
M: Well, partly because English speakers have traveled a lot, they bring back words with them.So Englishreally does have an international vocabulary.
W: And what is the other advantage of English?
M: It's that English grammar is really quite easy.For example, it doesn't have dozens of different endings forits nouns, adjectives and verbs, not like Latin, Russian and German for example. W: Why is that?
M: Well, it's quite interesting actually.It's because of the French.When the French ruled England, Frenchwas the official language, and only the common people spoke English.They tried to make their languageas simple as possible.So they made the grammar easier.
預(yù)覽三道題各選項，由多次出現(xiàn)的English，learn，commonly used，world language，BritishEmpire，coined words等詞，再結(jié)合第9題各選項表達的某種語言與英語的對比，可以大致推測出本對話的內(nèi)容與英語語言相關(guān).
9.What does the man say about Chinese?
A.女士詢問男士為什么說英語會成為世界語言，男士說原因之一是因為英語應(yīng)用廣泛，使用人數(shù)僅次于漢語，也就是說使用漢語的人數(shù)比使用英語的人數(shù)多，故答案為A..
10.What made English a widely used language?
C.女士詢問男士英語使用者如此之多的原因，男士說大英帝國和美國的影響是主要原因，故
C.“大英帝國的影響”是原因之一，為本題答案.
11.What is said to be special about English vocabulary?
B.對話中女士說許多學(xué)生認為英語難學(xué)，男士表示贊同，但同時認為英語有兩大優(yōu)勢，其一就是詞匯的國際化，英語中含有德語、荷蘭語、法語、西班牙語、意大利語等多國語言的詞匯.由此可知，英語詞匯的特點是國際化，它包含了許多其他語言的詞匯，故答案為B. Conversation Two
M: Hello.Yes?
W: Hello.Is that the sales department?
M: Yes, it is.
W: Oh, well, my name is Jane Kings bury of GPF limited.( 12 ) Um, we need some supplies for our designoffice.
M: Oh, what sort?
W: Well, first of all, we need one complete new drawing board.
M: DO44 or DO457
W: Ah, I don't know.What's the difference?
M: Well, the 45 costs 15 pounds more.
W: Urn, so what's the total price then?
M: It's 387 pounds.
W: Does that include value-added tax?
M: Oh, (13-1) I'm not sure.Most of the prices do.Yes, I think it does.
W: Urn, what are the boards actually made of?
M: Oh, (13-2) I don't know.I think it's a sort of plastic stuff these days.It's white anyway.
W: Um...And how long does it take to deliver?
M: Oh, I couldn't really say.(14) It depends on how much work we've got and how many of other order thereare to send out, you know.
W: OK.Now we also want some drawing pens, ink and rulers, and some drawing paper.
M: Oh dear.The girl who takes all those supplies isn't here this morning, so I can't take those orders for you.I only do the equipment you see.
W: OK.Well, (15) perhaps I'll ring back tomorrow.
M: So do you want the drawing board then?
W: Oh, I have to think about it.Thanks very much.I'll let you know.Good-bye.
M: Thank you.Good-bye.
預(yù)覽四道題各選項，選項中出現(xiàn)的order，goods，complaint，sales department，large orders，definitive，saleswoman等詞表明.對話的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于訂貨、發(fā)貨的問題.
12.What is the womem’s purpose in making the phone call?
A.對話中女士打銷售部的電話，其目的是想為她們的工作室添置家具.由此推斷，女士打電話是為了訂貨，故答案為A..
13.What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
C.女士詢問畫板報價是否包括增值稅，男士表示不太肯定;女士又問及畫板的材質(zhì).男士也不清楚.由此可推測，男士并不十分了解他們的貨物.故答案為C..
14.What does the mall say about delivery?
C.女士詢問了畫板的價格和材質(zhì)后，又詢問了貨物運送的情況，男士說這得看他們的工作情況和訂單的數(shù)量等.由此可推測，貨物的運送是由多種因素決定的，故答案為C.
15.What does the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow?
D.女士說除了畫板之外，她們還需要畫筆、油墨、尺子和畫紙等材料，但被告知負責(zé)相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)的人員不在，因此女士打算明天再打電話咨詢相關(guān)事宜.由此可知，女士計劃做完決定后再打電話聯(lián)系，
故答案為D..
Passage One
(16) No one knows for sure just how old kites are.In fact, they have been in use for centuries.25centuries ago, kites were well known in China.These first kites were probably made of wood.They mayeven have been covered with silk, because silk were used a lot at that time.Early kites were built for certainuses.(17) In ancient China, they were used to carry ropes to cross rivers.Once across, the ropes were tieddown and wooden bridges would hang for them.Legend tells of one general who flew musical kites over theenemies' camp.The enemy fled, believing the sounds to be the warning voices of angels.By the 15thcentury, many people flew kites in Europe.Marco Polo may have brought the kite back from his visit toChina.The kite has been linked to great names and events.For instance, (18) Benjamin Franklin used thekite to prove that lightning is electricity.He flew the kite in the storm.He did this in order to draw lightningfrom the clouds.He tied a metal key and a strip of silk to the kite line, The silk ribbon would stop thelightning from passing through his body.Benjamin's idea was first laughed at.But later on, it enlightened theinvention of the lightning rod.With such grand history, kite flying is sure to remain an entertaining andpopular sport.
C.預(yù)覽三道題各選項，其中沒有能夠表達短文主要內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞，但各個題目考查的內(nèi)容比較具體，如第l6題考查某一事物出現(xiàn)的時間、地點、目的或未來發(fā)展狀況;第17題各選項為動詞短語，旨在考查某一具體行為;第18題各選項都是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，旨在考查做事的目
的.此類文章在聽音時要注意相關(guān)細節(jié)內(nèi)容.
16.What does the speaker say about kites?
A.短文開篇便提到“沒有人知道風(fēng)箏問世多久了”，后面接著說道，數(shù)百年前人們就開始使用風(fēng)箏，2，500多年前風(fēng)箏在中國非常出名.由此可知，人們不確定的是風(fēng)箏是何時問世的，因此A.為答案.
17.What did ancient Chinese use kites to do?
D.文章提到風(fēng)箏的幾種用途，比如在古代中國，風(fēng)箏用于將繩索穿過小河從而懸起木橋，此外風(fēng)箏還用于戰(zhàn)斗中，因此D.為答案.
18.Why did Benjamin Franklin fly a kite in the storm?
C.短文中提到富蘭克林也曾經(jīng)放過風(fēng)箏，他放風(fēng)箏的目的是證實雷電也是電，因此C.為答案.
Passage Two
(19) I have learnt many languages, but I've not mastered them the way the professional interpreter ortranslator has.Still, they have opened doom for me.They have allowed me the opportunity to seek jobs ininternational contexts and help me get those jobs.(20) Like many people who have lived overseas for a while,I simply got crazy about it.I can't image living my professional or social life without international interactions.
Since 1977, I have spent much more time abroad than in the United States.I like going to new places, eatingnew foods and experiencing new cultures.If you can speak the language, it's easier to get to know the countryand its people, ff I had the time and money, I would live for a year in as many countries as possible.Beyondmy career, my facility with languages has given me a few rare opportunities.(21) Once, just after I returnedfrom my year in Vienna, I was asked to translate for a German judge at Olympic level horse event and learneda lot about the sport.
( 22 ) In .Japan, once when I was in the studio audience of a TV cooking show, I was asked to go up on thestage and taste the beef dish that was being prepared and tell what I thought.They asked "' Was it as good asAmerican beef?" It was very exciting for me to be on Japanese TV speaking in Japanese about how deliciousthe beef was.
預(yù)覽四道題各選項，選項中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了languages以及interpreter，teaching，foreign languages，cross.cultural interactions，cultural shock，translate，vocabulary等與語言相關(guān)的詞匯.由此可推斷，短文討論的內(nèi)容與語言相關(guān).
19.What does the speaker say about herself?
C.短文開頭部分提到她學(xué)習(xí)過幾種外語，但不像那些專業(yè)翻譯人員那樣熟練.由此可以推測，她會講幾種外語，故答案為C..
20.What does the speaker say about many people who have lived overseas for a while?
B.短文中提到，像其他很多曾經(jīng)在國外待過一段時間的人一樣，她非常喜歡跨文化交際，甚至難以想象沒有跨文化交際的職業(yè)和社交生活是什么樣子的，因此答案為B..
21.How did the speaker’s experience of living in Vienna benefit her?
C.說話者提到，因為她熟悉外語，她獲得了一些難得的機會.她舉例說，從維也納回來之后，她被邀請在奧運會馬術(shù)比賽中為德國裁判做翻譯，因此答案為C..
22.What Was the speaker asked to do in the Japanese studio?
B.說話者最后提到自己在日本的經(jīng)歷，她在美食節(jié)目錄制現(xiàn)場當觀眾，被邀請到臺上品嘗牛肉并做出評價，她對這段經(jīng)歷興奮不已，因此答案為B..
Passage Three
(23) Dr.Ben Carson grew up in a poor single-parent house-hold in Detroit.His mother, who had
only athird-grade education, worked two jobs cleaning bathrooms.(24) To his classmates and even to his teachershe was thought of as the dumbest kid in the class, according to his own not so fond memories.
He had a terrible temper, and once threatened to kill another child.Dr.Carson was headed down a pathof self-destruction until a critical moment in his youth.His mother convinced that she had to do somethingdramatic to prevent him from leading a life of failure-laid down some rules.He could not watch televisionexcept for two programs a week, could not play with his friends after school until he finished his homework,(25) and had to read two books a week, and write book reports about them.His mother's strategy worked.
"Of course, I didn't know she couldn't read.So there I was submitting these reports." he said.She would putcheck marks on them like she had been reading them.As I began to read about scientists, economists andphilosophers, I started imaging myself in their shoes.As he got into the habit of hard work, his grades beganto soar.Ultimately he received a scholarship to attend Yale University, and later he was admitted to theUniversity of Michigan Medical School.
He is now a leading surgeon at Johns Hopkins Medical School and he is also the author of three books.
未聽先知：預(yù)覽三道題各選項，第23題講述某人的經(jīng)歷，第24題各選項均為表達人物性格的形容詞，第25題各選項都是動詞短語.根據(jù)相關(guān)關(guān)鍵詞，如education，family等，可大致判斷短文講述的是某個人的成長歷程.
23.What do we learn about Ben Carson?
D.短文開頭就提到本·卡森的基本情況，他成長在一個貧困的單親家庭，因此答案為D..
24.What did Ben Carson’s classmates and teachers think of him when he Was first at school?
A.短文提到，本·卡森的母親只上到三年級，做著兩份清洗廁所的工作.同學(xué)和老師都覺得本·卡森是班里最笨的孩子，因此答案為A..
25.What did Ben Carson's mother tell him to do when he was a school boy?
B.短文提到，本·卡森脾氣不好，有一次還威脅說要殺死另一個同學(xué)，母親認為必須制定規(guī)矩對他嚴加管教才行.這些規(guī)矩包括：每周只看兩次電視節(jié)目，完成作業(yè)后才能和朋友玩耍，一周讀兩本書并寫出讀書報告，因此答案為B..
26.heavenly.此處應(yīng)該填人形容詞修飾名詞bodies.空格處與下文的the moon and stars和comet形成對照.heavenly意為“天空的”，heavenly body意為“天體”.
27.fascinating.此處應(yīng)該填入形容詞, 與前面的most構(gòu)成最高級.fascinating意為"迷人的,吸引人的”.
28.made up of.此處應(yīng)填入過去分詞或短語與空格前的are一起構(gòu)成被動語態(tài).be made up of意為“由……組成”.
29.Now and then.此處應(yīng)填入狀語成分.now and then意為“偶爾，有時”.
30.combine with.此處應(yīng)該填入動詞或動詞短語作謂語.combine with意為“與……結(jié)合”.
31.generally.此處應(yīng)填入副詞，修飾形容詞fuzzy.generally意為“通常”.
32.characteristics.此處應(yīng)該填入名詞，作that can help identify…這一定語從句的先行詞. characteristics意為“特征”.
33.phenomenon.此處應(yīng)該填入名詞，作動詞identify的賓語.phenomenon意為“現(xiàn)象”.
34.naked.此處應(yīng)該填入形容詞，修飾eye.naked意為“裸的”，naked eye是常用搭配，意為“肉眼”.
35.relatively.此處應(yīng)該填入副詞，修飾形容詞close.relatively意為“相對地”.
Part ⅢReading Comprehension
名詞：C.assembly集會，集合;E.champions冠軍，第一名;F.elements元素，要素;K.interpretation闡釋，說明;M.regard就……而言，關(guān)于某事
動詞：A.accustomed使習(xí)慣，使適應(yīng);B.acquired獲取，獲得;D.attribute把……歸因于;G.expands擴大，擴充：I.flows流動;M.regard認為，看作
形容詞：A.accustomed習(xí)慣于(做)某事;H.familiar熟悉的;L.passive被動的;0.superficial表面的，膚淺的
副詞：J.fundelementally根本上，基本上;N.respectively各自地，依次地
36.J. fundamentally副詞辨析題.空格前面是be動詞，后面為形容詞different，因此空格處需要填入副詞形式，以修飾其后的形容詞.前一句提到，信息社會的學(xué)者們在以信息為基礎(chǔ)的社會環(huán)境下社會不公現(xiàn)象是增強還是減弱這一話題上存在分歧，但是他們還是普遍認為信息社會中的不公平區(qū)別于工業(yè)社會的不公平.因此，空格處需要填人一個表示“根本上，本質(zhì)上”的副詞，修飾different.由此確定副詞fundamentally為本題答案，意思為“根本上，基本上”.備選詞中只有兩個副詞，而respectively意思為“各自地，依次地”，與此處意思不符，可以排除.
37.G. expands動詞辨析題.空格前面為名詞短語the information society，通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處與前面的名詞短語the information society為主謂關(guān)系，因此空格處需要填人動閱的第三人稱單數(shù)形式.文章第一段提到.信息社會中的不公平發(fā)生了變化，本句承接上段指出原因：表面上看.信息社會似乎通過變革使用信息和交換信息的方式擴大了社會成員所能接觸到的信息量，因此空格處動詞應(yīng)該有“擴大”或“增加”的意思.另外，空格處的動詞應(yīng)該能夠和后面的介詞to進行搭配一備選動詞中符合以上蹲點要求的只有expands，expands…to…意思為“擴大到……”，由此確定答案.此外，空格處需要填入動詞第1人稱單數(shù)形式，因此可以排除分詞形式的accustomed與acquired和動詞原形attribute與regard;而flows無法與the quantity of information搭配，而且不符合句意，可以排除.
38.O. superficial形容詞辨析題.空格前面是不定冠詞a，后面是名詞analysis，因此需要填入形容詞來進行修飾.上一句用it seems that…句型指出信息社會存在的假象，本句中連問but進行轉(zhuǎn)折，指出這種觀點只是一種基于各種大眾傳媒所提供的信息量的表面的分析，因此填人superficial“表面的，膚淺的”符合句意.這樣也就能與前句在語義上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折.備選形容詞中，accustomed，familiar和passive不符合句意，可以排除.
39.K. interpretation名詞辨析題.空格前為不定冠詞a和形容詞different.因此應(yīng)該填入名詞單 數(shù)形式.根據(jù)句意，interpretation“闡述，說明”符合要求，故為答案.assembly“集會，集合”不符合句意，故排除;champions和elements均是復(fù)數(shù)形式，均可以排除;regard不符合句意，故排除.
40.B.acquired動詞辨析題.空格前面為名詞information，后面為介詞by，由此可知空格處應(yīng)填
入動詞的過去分詞形式.動詞的過去分詞形式有兩個：accustomed和acquired，其中accustomed常與to搭配，而本句中沒有，所以排除;acquired“獲取，獲得”與前面的amount of information及后面的by the user構(gòu)成搭配，由此可以確定答案為acquired.備選動詞中，attribute，expands，flows和regard都不是動詞的過
去分詞形式，可以排除.
41.I. flows動詞辨析題.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知.該句缺少謂語動詞.與后面句子構(gòu)成the more…the more…的句式，主語是the more information，其后并無賓語，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入不及物動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式.本句意思為：整個社會中流動的信息量越多，那些能夠接觸到信息和不能夠接觸到信息的兩類人群之間的差距就越大，flows“流動，傳播”符合句意，故為答案.備選項中的accustomed.acquired.attribute和regard不是動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式，
可以排除;expands不符合句意.也可以排除.
42.F. elements名詞辨析題.空格前面為數(shù)詞three和形容詞major.所以需要填入可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式.通過上下文可知，本句大意是數(shù)位落差主要由三個方面(因素)引起：階級、性別和代別.所以elements“元素，因素”符合句意.assembly，interpretation和regard是單數(shù)形式，不符合要求，可以排除;champions“冠軍”不符合旬意，也可以排除.
43.M. regard固定搭配題.空格前面為介詞with，后面為介詞to，因此空格處需要填入一個名詞.構(gòu)成固定搭配.with regard to意為“就……而言”.故regard為本題答案.
44.H)familiar.形容詞辨析題personal computers and the Internet修飾the Net—generation“網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代”，根據(jù)前后句意可知，此處指熟悉電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一代，因此空格處的形容詞應(yīng)該是familiar“熟悉的”，構(gòu)成be familiar with結(jié)構(gòu)，故familiar為本題答案.空格處以及其后的內(nèi)容修飾前面的the Net-generation，空格處可以是形容詞，也可以是分詞，但符合上下文語義的只有familiar.
45.A.accustomed形容詞辨析題.空格后面為介詞to，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知.率格處需要填入形容詞或分詞，修飾前面的the older generation.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句將the Net-generation-q the oldergeneration進行對比，由此可知，the older generation“老一輩”習(xí)慣于工業(yè)社會.be accustomed to“適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣”符合句意，故accustomed為本題答案.備選形容詞中，familiar，passive和superficial均不符合句意，均可以排除.
SectionB
46.It will not be difficult to make learninga source of joy if educators changetheir way of thinking.譯文：如果教育工作者改變他們的思維模式，那么讓學(xué)習(xí)成為快樂的源泉并不困難.
定位：由題干中的difficult和educators change their way of thinking定位到文章G)段畫線處.
47.What distinguishes children fromadults is their strong ability toderive joy from what they aredoing.譯文：孩子與成人的區(qū)別在于孩子們從正在做的事情中獲取快樂的強大能力.
定位：由題干中的distinguisheschildren from adults和strongability to derive joy定位到文章
D.段畫線處.
48.ChildreninAmericaarebeingtreated with shocking cruelty.
譯文：美國的孩子們所受到的殘暴對待令人震驚.
定位：由題干中的in America和shocking定位到文章A.段畫線處.
49.It is human nature toseek joy in life.
譯文：在生活中尋找快樂是人類的天性.
定位：由題于中的human和seek joy定位到文章F)段畫線處.
50.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning tochildren is what medicine is to patients.
譯文：成年人可能認為學(xué)習(xí)對于孩子而言就像藥品對病人一樣.
定位：由題干中的medicine定位到文章K)段畫線處.
51.Bad school conditions make it all the moreimportant toturnlearningintoa joyfulexperience. 譯文：在不良的教學(xué)環(huán)境下，將學(xué)習(xí)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N快樂的體驗顯得更加重要.
定位：由題干中的bad school conditions和more important定位到文章H)段畫線處.
52.Adults do not consider children's feelings whenit comes to education.
譯文：當涉及教育問題時，成年人不會考慮孩子們的感受.
定位：由題干中的not consider children’sfeelings和when it comes to education定位到文章C.段畫線處.
53.Administrators seem to believe that onlyhard work will lead children to theireducational goals. 譯文：行政人員似乎認為，只要刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，孩子們就可以達到他們的教育目標.
定位：由題干中的administrators，hardwork和educational goals定位到文章I)段畫線處.
54.In the so-called " effective "schools,children are taught serf-control under a setof strict roles. 譯文：那些所謂“治學(xué)嚴謹”的學(xué)校教育孩子們接受一系列嚴格的規(guī)則以使他們具有自控能力.
定位：由題干中的“effective”schools 和self-control定位到文章B.段畫線處.
55.To make learning effective, educatorshave to ensure that children want tolearn.
譯文：為了使學(xué)習(xí)有成效，教育學(xué)家們不得不確保孩子們渴望學(xué)習(xí).
定位：由題干中的children want tolearn定位到文章J)段畫線處.
Section
Passage one
56.C.定位：由題干中的time displayed everywhere定位到第二段：These days，the time is everywhere…
That may be a bad thing...New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale(士氣)and creativity.
詳解：觀點態(tài)度題.文章第二段第一句指出，如今，隨處都能看到時間，第二句表明觀點：這或許是一件壞事情，尤其是對于工作而言.第三句進一步指出，以時間為基礎(chǔ)的工作安排會阻礙員工的士氣和創(chuàng)造力.由此可知，到處都能看到時間對于需要創(chuàng)造力的工作有負面影響，故答案為C.
點睛：A.“它讓每個人都有時間意識”，文章第三段指出，時間計時者以分鐘和小時為模塊來規(guī)劃他們一天的工作.但是還有另一類人，即任務(wù)計時者，所以并不是所有的人都有時間觀念，可以排除;B.“它對生活和工作來說非常便利”和D.“它清楚地表明現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏”，文中沒有提及，均可排除.
57.A.定位：由題干中的go about their work定位到第三段最后一句：It is said that all of us employ a mixof both these types of planning.
詳解：事實細節(jié)題.文章第三段第一句提到，時間計時者以分鐘和小時為模塊來規(guī)劃一天的工作.第三句則指出，任務(wù)計時者則列出一個待做事情的清單.最后一句總結(jié)：據(jù)說，我們每個人都會將這兩種規(guī)劃類型結(jié)合起來使用.分析原文可知，此句中的these types即指代上文提到的兩種計時方式：clock-timers和task-timers.由此可知，人們在工作時往往會把兩種規(guī)劃類型相結(jié)合，故答案為A.
點睛：B.“他們優(yōu)先處理手頭上最緊急的工作”，文中并未提及，故排除;C.“他們給每項具體工作設(shè)定一個時間限制”，第三段前兩句提到，時間計時者以分鐘和小時為模塊來規(guī)劃一天的工作.例如：上午9點到10點開會;上午10點到中午做研究等等.這是時間計時者的工作方式，而非所有人都是如此，故排除;D.“他們一件一件地完成工作”，第三段第三、四句提到，任務(wù)計時者則列出一個待做事情的清單.他們按照清單工作，完成前一項工作，再開始另一項工作.由此可知，這是任務(wù)計時者的工作方式，并非所有工作者都如此，故排除.
58.D.定位：由題干中的Tamar Avnet and Anne.Lanre Sellier，experiments和clock-timers定位到第四段第五、六句：In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne—Laure Sellier…They found clocktimers to be more efficient but less happy…
詳解：事實細節(jié)題.文章第四段第六句指出，實驗表明，時間計時者效率更高，但是卻不夠開心，因為他們感覺對自己的人生沒有掌控權(quán).因此，答案為D..
點睛A.“當機會出現(xiàn)時，他們能夠抓住它”，第四段最后一句指出，當有好事發(fā)生時，他們往往會享受當下，而當機會出現(xiàn)時，他們會抓住它.此處的“他們”指的是前一句中的任務(wù)計時者，可以排除;B.“他們總是能夠及時完成工作”，第四段第六句提到時間計時者效率更高，但并未提到他們總是可以及時完成工作，可以排除;C.“他們對自己的人生更有掌控權(quán)”，第四段第六句提到，時間計時者效率更高，但是卻不夠開心，因為他們感覺對自己的人生沒有掌控權(quán)，可以排除.
59.B.定位：由題干中的business culture定位到第五段第一句：The researchers argue that task—basedorganizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture.
詳解：推理判斷題.第五段第一句提到，研究人員指出，在企業(yè)文化中，以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的籌劃往往會被低估，得不到支持.由此可知，當今的企業(yè)文化對以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的籌劃并不重視，故答案為B..
點睛：A.“它并不支持聰明的企業(yè)所采用的策略”，文章第五段第二句是說研究者相信，聰明的企業(yè)會努力將更多以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的規(guī)劃納入其經(jīng)營策略中，與當今的企業(yè)文化所支持的規(guī)劃類型不符，可以排除;C.“比起員工的生活，它更加重視工作效率”和D.“它的目的是全面激發(fā)雇員的潛力和創(chuàng)造力”，文中沒有提及，均可排除.
60.A.定位：由題干中的researchers和suggest定位到第六段第一、二句: …the researchers argue
that…task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity.
詳解：推理判斷題.第六段第一句提到，研究人員表示，這對于經(jīng)濟學(xué)的普遍特點——工作是按時間來安排的——是一個挑戰(zhàn).第二句提出研究人員的觀點：盡管大多數(shù)人從某種程度上仍舊有可能需要，或者自己作為時間計時者，但是當我們從事需要更多創(chuàng)造力的工作時，應(yīng)該使用任務(wù)計時的方式.由此可知，研究人員建議我們在從事具有創(chuàng)造力的工作時，選擇以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的計時方式，故答案為A..
點睛：B.“保持工作和生活平衡很重要”，文中沒有提及，可以排除;C.“從事有創(chuàng)造力的工作往往會讓工作者更加開心”，第六段第二、三句指出，當我們從事需要更多創(chuàng)造力的工作時，應(yīng)該使用任務(wù)計時的方式.因為它會使工作更加容易，使工作者更加開心.由此可知，在從事需要創(chuàng)造力的工作時，采用任務(wù)計時的方式才會讓工作者更加開心，可以排除;D.“在工作評估中應(yīng)使用科學(xué)的標準”，文中沒有提及，可以排除.
Passage Two
61.A.定位：由題干中的the well—known columnist定位到第一段第二句....Awell—known columnistwrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt todeny her right to start anew."
詳解：推理判斷題.第一段第一句指出，瑪莎·斯圖爾特在2004年受到指控，經(jīng)過審判，被判有罪.第二句則表明這位知名專欄作家的態(tài)度：她已經(jīng)得到了懲罰，而且任何人沒有理由去試圖剝奪她重新開始的權(quán)利.由此可知，這位作家擔心瑪莎·斯圖爾特的入獄經(jīng)歷會影響到她出獄后的生活，故答案為A.
點睛：B.“在她服刑時，她的公司破產(chǎn)了”，文中未提及，可以排除;C.“她刑滿出獄并未引起人們注意”，文章第一段第二句提到一位知名專欄作家就她的情況發(fā)表評論，由此可知，她的案件十分轟動，該選項與原文不符，可以排除;D.“她的刑期可能被延長了”，文章第一段第二句提到她的服刑期即將結(jié)束，由此可知，她即將刑滿出獄，可以排除.
62.B.由題干中的the second paragraph和many criminals in America定位到第二段第二句：many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number ofAmericans.who are prevented from ever fully paving their debt to society.
詳解：推理判斷題.文章第二段第二句指出，很多聯(lián)邦法律和州立法律對很大一部分美國人強制實施定罪后限制，使他們不能夠再次充分地回報社會.由此可知，一些服刑人員即使刑滿釋放，也會受到法律的限制，難以完全融入社會，開始新的人生，故答案為B..
點睛：A.“他們刑滿出獄后又重蹈覆轍”，文章第二段第二句指出，一些強制實施的定罪后限制，使他們不能夠再次充分地回報社會.由此可知，大多數(shù)經(jīng)過改造的犯人還是希望改過自新的，該選項與原文不符，可以排除;C.“他們因為較輕案件而受到重罰”，第二段第二句指出，很多聯(lián)邦法律和州立法律對很大一部分美國人強制實施定罪后限制，即對有犯罪前科的人實行限制，該選項是對原文的曲解，可以排除;D.“不管他們的自身情況如何都會被判有罪”，文中并未提及被判有罪的尺度，可以排除.
63.C.定位：由題干中的consequences和many Americans with a criminal record定位到第三段：At least65 million people…have a criminal record.This Can result in severe penalties…和第四段：Many ofthese penalties are imposed regardless of...Laws Can restrict or ban voting... 詳解：推理判斷題.
第三段第二句中提到，犯罪分子在刑期結(jié)束后還要接受時間更長的嚴重
懲罰.第四段第二句中接著舉例進行解釋，這些限制懲罰包括可以限制或阻止他們擁有選舉權(quán)，沒有權(quán)利申請公租房，不能取得職業(yè)資格證以及商業(yè)經(jīng)營證等，也就是說，享受不到正常公民所擁有的權(quán)益，被社會邊緣化，故答案為C..
點睛：A.“他們將終身貧窮”，第四段最后一句指出這些限制會影響一個人通過獲取工作和資格謀求福利的能力，但這并不是唯一條件，也不能片面地說所有刑滿釋放的人都會終身貧窮，該選項過于絕對，可以排除;B.“他們被剝奪所有的社會福利”同樣表達過于絕對，可以排除;
D.“他們被家庭所拋棄”，原文未提及，可以排除.
64.D.
定位：由題干中的the author和post.conviction laws and rules定位到第六段：Some laws makesense...和第七段: These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people withcriminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding. 詳解：觀點態(tài)度題.文章第六段提到，一些法律是合理的.第七段則指出，這些法律同樣會產(chǎn)生相反的效果，因為它們加大了有犯罪前科的人租房、就業(yè)的難度，而這兩個因素正是可以讓他們避免重蹈覆轍的關(guān)鍵因素.由此可知，作者對于一些法律、法規(guī)并不贊同，認為是對有犯罪前科的人的不公平對待，使得他們無法改過自新而危及社會，故答案為D.
點睛：A.“它們有助于維護社會穩(wěn)定”，文章第七段提到，這些法律加大了有犯罪前科的人租房、就業(yè)的難度，而這兩個因素正是可以讓他們避免重蹈覆轍的關(guān)鍵因素.由此可知，過于苛刻的定罪后懲罰非但不能維護社會穩(wěn)定，很可能會影響社會穩(wěn)定，故該選項可以排除;
B.“一些法律、法規(guī)早已過時”，文中并未提及，可以排除;C.“它們很難被公眾所理解”，文章第六段第二句提到?jīng)]有人會提議讓有戀童癖的人在學(xué)校工作.由此可知，公眾還是可以理解那些合理的限制的，故該選項可以排除.
65.B.定位由題干中的author’s main purpose定位到文章最后一段：The point is not to excuse or forgetthe crime.Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system, second chancesare crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins ofsociety.
詳解：主旨大意題.最后一段提到，這個提議并不是為犯罪找借口或忽略它.相反，是讓人們認識到，在美國龐大的刑法體系中，人們擁有改過自新的機會是至關(guān)重要的.讓那么一大部分群體游走在社會的邊緣對任何人都沒有好處.由此可知，作者是希望通過對這一問題的探討，從而對刑法體系中一些不合理的地方進行變革，故答案為B..
點睛： A.“為犯罪分子提供自我改造的機會”，文章最后一段第三句指出讓那么一大部分群體游走在社會的邊緣對任何人都沒有好處，由此可知，作者建議的真正目的是變革法律中不合理的部分，維護社會穩(wěn)定，該選項為表面原因，可以排除;C.“確保有犯罪前科的人能夠過上體面的生活”，不符合作者的觀點，可以排除;D.“呼吁人們關(guān)注美國囚犯的處境”，文中未提及，可以排除.
Part Ⅳ Translation
Chinese parents usually intend to pay too much attention to their children's study to such an extent thatthey even don't require their children to help them do the chores.Their primary requirement for their childrenis to study hard, get good grades and go to famous universities, They believe this does good to their childrenbecause in the society of China which is full of intense competition, only perfect academic performance canensure a bright future.Chinese parents also believe if their children can make great achievements in thesociety, they will receive respect accordingly.Therefore, they are willing to sacrifice their own time, hobbiesand interests to provide better conditions for their children.
1.翻譯第一句時，“過于關(guān)注……”還可以譯為focus too much on…/be too focused on…等;
“做家務(wù)”還可譯為do housework.
2.翻譯第二句時，“努力學(xué)習(xí)”“考得好”和“能上名牌大學(xué)”作表語，可用動詞不定式來表達.“他們對孩子的首要要求”是句子的主語，有兩種譯法：一是直接用名詞短語表達，即their primary requirement for theirchildren;二是用名詞性從句表達，即what they require their children first to do.
3.翻譯第三句時，“競爭激烈的社會”有兩種譯法：society(which is)hill of intense competition和competitivesociety.“保證”這個詞譯為assure還是ensure?如果意思是“向……保證，使……確信”，可譯為assure sb.that或assure sb.of.根據(jù)原文可知，中國的家長認為成績好前途就好，主語和賓語均為某事，所以將“保證”譯為ensure為宜.
4.第四句分為三個短句，故翻譯時應(yīng)注意句子的銜接.譯文將“中國父母還認為”譯作句子的主干，而將“如果孩子能在社會上取得大的成就，父母就會受到尊敬”譯作believe的賓語從句，同時在該賓語從句中還有條件句.
5.最后一句中，“愿意犧牲”譯為be willing to sacrifice….“為孩子提供更好的條件”還可以譯作to createbetter conditions for their children.
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