- 相關(guān)推薦
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析（通用10篇）
無論是在學(xué)校還是在社會中，許多人都需要跟試題打交道，借助試題可以檢驗(yàn)考試者是否已經(jīng)具備獲得某種資格的基本能力。大家知道什么樣的試題才是好試題嗎？以下是小編整理的英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 1
lessons from a feminist paradise
[a]on the surface, sweden appears to be a feminist paradise. look at any global survey of gender equality and sweden will be near the top. family-friendly policies are its norm-with 16 months of paid parental leave, special protections for part-time workers, and state-subsidized preschools where, according to a government website, "gender-awareness education is increasingly common." due to an unofficial quota system, women hold 45 percent of positions in the swedish parliament. they have enjoyed the protection of government agencies with titles like the ministry of integration and gender equality and the secretariat of gender research. so why are american women so far ahead of their swedish counterparts in breaking through the glass ceiling?
[b]in a 2012 report, the world economic forum found that when it comes to closing the gender gap in "economic participation and opportunity," the united states is ahead of not only sweden but also finland, denmark, the netherlands, iceland, germany, and the united kingdom. swedens rank in the report can largely be explained by its political quota system. though the united states has fewer women in the workforce (68 percent compared to swedens 77 percent). american women who choose to be employed are far more likely to work full-time and to hold high-level jobs as managers or professionals. they also own more businesses, launch more start-ups and more often work in traditionally male fields. as for breaking through the glass ceiling in business, american women are well in the lead.
[c]what explains the american advantage? how can it be that societies like sweden, where gender equality is vigorously pursued and enforced, have fewer female managers, executives, professionals, and business owners than eh laissez-faire united states? a new study by clrnell economists francine blau and lawrence kahn gives an explanation.
[d]generous parental leave policies and readily available part-time options have unintended consequences: instead of strengthening womens attachment to the workplace, they appear to weaken it. in addition to a 16-month leave, a swedish parent has the right to work six hours a day (for a reduced salary)until his or her child is eight years old. mothers are far more likely than fathers to take advantage of this law, but extended leaves and part-time employment are known to be harmful to careers—for both genders. and with women a second factor comes into play: most seem to enjoy the flexible-time arrangement(once known as the “mommy track”)and never find their way back to full-time or high-level employment. in sum: generous family-friendly policies do keep more women in the labor market, but they also tend to diminish their careers.
[e] according to blau and kahn, swedish-style paternal leave policies and flexible time arrangements pose a second threat to womans progress: they make employers cautious about hiring woman for full-time positions at all. offering a job to a man is the safer bet. he is far less likely to take a year of parental leave and then return on a reduced work schedule for the next eight years.
[f]i became aware of the trial of career-focused european woman a few years ago when i met a post-doctoral student from germany who was then a visiting fellow at johns hopkins. she was astonished by the professional possibilities afforded to young american woman. her best hope in germany was a government job—prospects for woman in the private sector were dim.” in germany “ she told me,” we have all the benefits, “but employers dont wan to hire us.”
[g] swedish economists magnus henrekson and mikael stenkula addressed the following question in their 2009 study: why are there so few female top executives in the european egalitarian welfare states? their answer: “broad-based welfare-state policies hinder womens representation in elite competitive positions.”
[h] it is tempting to declare the swedish policies regressive and hail the american system as superior. but that would be shortsighted. the swedes can certainly take a lesson from the united states and look for ways to clear a path for their ambitious female careerists. but most woman are not committed careerists. when the pew research center recently asked american parents to identify their “ideal” life arrangement, 47 percent of mothers said they would prefer to work park-time and 20percent said they would prefer not to work at all. fathers answered differently: 75 percent preferred full-time work. some version of the swedish system might work well for a majority of american parents, but the united states is unlikely to fully embrace the swedish model. still, we can learn from their experience.
[i] despite its failure to shatter the glass ceiling, sweden has one of the most powerful and innovative economies in the world. in its 2011-2012survey,the world economic forum ranked sweden as the “rockstar of the recovery” in the washington post, also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness. it is a society well worth studying, and its efforts to conquer the gender gap impart a vital lesson—though not the lesson the swedes had in mind.
[j] sweden has gone farther than any other nation on earth to integrate the sexes and to offer women the same opportunities and freedoms as men. for decades, these descendants of the vikings have been trying to show the world that the right mix of enlightened policy. consciousness raising, and non-sexist child rearing would close the gender divide once and for all. yet the divide persists.
[k] a 2012 press release from statistics sweden bears the title “gender equality in sweden treading(踩)water” and notes:
1、the total income from employment for all ages is lower for women than for men.
2、one in three employed women and one in ten employed men work part-time.
3、womens working time is influenced by the number and age of their children, but men′s working time is not affected by these factors.
4、of all employees，only 13 percent of the women and 12 percent of the men have occupations with an even distribution of the sexes.
[l] confronted with such facts, some swedish activists and legislators are demanding more extreme and far-reaching measures, such as replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative and monitoring children more closely to correct them when they gravitated toward gendered play. when it came to light last year that mothers, far more than fathers, chose to stay home from work to care for their sick kids. ulf kristersson minister of social security, quickly commissioned a study to determine the causes of and possible cures for this disturbing stale of affairs.
[m]swedish family policies, by accommodating womens preferences effectively, are reducing the number of women in elite competitive positions. the swedes will find this paradoxical and try to find solutions. let us hope these do not include banning gender pronouns, policing children′s play, implementing more gender quotas, or treating women′s special attachment to home and family as a social injustice. most mothers do not aspire to elite, competitive full-time positions: the swedish policies have given them the freedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer. americans should look past the gender rhetoric and consider what these scandina-vians have achieved. on their way to creating a feminist paradise, the swedes have unintentionally created a haven for normal mortals.
46.Sweden has done more than other nations to close the gender gap, but it continues to exist.
47.Sweden is one of the most competitive economics life satisfaction.
48. More american women hold elite job positions in business than swedish women.
49. Swedish family-friendly policies tend to exert a negative influence on women′s careers.
50.The quota system in sweden ensures women′s better representation in government.
51.Though the swedish model appears workable for most american parents, it may not be accepted by them in its entirety.
52.Swedish women are allowed the freedom and opportunity to choose their own way of life.
53.Swedish employers are hesitant about hiring women for full-time positions because of the family-friendly policies.
54.Gender-awareness education is becoming more and more popular in state-subsidized preschools in sweden.
55.Some lawmakers in sweden propose that genderless pronouns be used in the swedish language.
46.answer 答案 j
“has done more than other nations”對應(yīng)第一句“has gone farther than any other nation”,“close the gender gap”對應(yīng)倒數(shù)第二句“close the gender divide”，“it continues to exist”對應(yīng)最后一句“the divide persists”。
47.answer 答案 i
“one of the most competitive economies in the world”對應(yīng)第二句“the worlds third most competitive economy”，“…enjoy the greatest life satisfaction”對應(yīng)第三句“… also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness”。
48.answer 答案 m
“elite job positions” 對應(yīng)第一句“elite competitive positions”， “more american…than swedish women”對應(yīng)第一句瑞士的政策正在“reducing the number of women in elite positions”，結(jié)合后文提到美國的情況，得出更多美國女性擁有高級職位。
49.answer 答案 d
“swedish family-friendly policies”對應(yīng)第一句“generous parental leave policies and readily available part-time options”，“a negative influence”指的就是第二句提到的“they appear to weaken it”，這里的it指的是前文提到的“womens attachment to the workplace”。
50.answer 答案 a
“the quota system in sweden”對應(yīng)第四句“an unofficial quota system”，“representation in government”對應(yīng)后來提到的“45 percent of positions in the swedish parliament”。
51.answer 答案 h
“the swedish model appears workable for most american parents”對應(yīng)倒數(shù)第二句“swedish system might work well for a majority of american parents”，“may not be accepted by them in its entirely”對應(yīng)最后一句“unlikely to fully embrace the swedish model”。
52.answer 答案 m
瑞典的`女性有更多自由和機(jī)會來選擇想要的生活。該句直接對應(yīng)m段倒數(shù)第3句話：“the swedish policies have given them the freedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer.”
53.answer 答案 e
因?yàn)榧彝ビ押眯驼�，瑞典的雇主們在雇傭全職女性時會有顧慮。對應(yīng)e段第一句話，“they make employers wary of hiring women for full-time positions at all.”句中they指的就是family-friendly policies，而be hesitant about是對be wary of的改寫。
54.answer 答案 a
根據(jù) “gender-awareness education”對應(yīng)到a段第3句話：“state-subsidized preschools where, gender-awareness education is increasingly common.”而“more and more popular”就是對“increasingly common”的改寫。
55.answer 答案 l
根據(jù)“l(fā)awmakers”對應(yīng)到l段第一句“l(fā)egislators”，“the genderless pronouns”對應(yīng)“replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative”。
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 2
In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it.
Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
1. Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author?
A. Increasing their pay.
B. Giving them more spare time.
C. Making the work itself meaningful.
D. Replacing large production lines with small ones.
2. The reason why a worker cannot have freedom in doing the job in his own way is that _______.
A. the machinery is so complex that it should be fixed
B. the production lines are too large in modern factories
C. the bosses can create very little freedom of choices for workers
D. the machines must be operated strictly according to instructions and rules
3. For a worker on an assembly line in a car factory, the job is not enjoyable because _______.
A. he can only make a part of a car
B. he does not know what he is doing
C. his life in spare time is more interesting
D. the importance of his job is not clear to him
4. In the article, the word “productivity” means _______.
A. the activity of producing something
B. the production volume in a time unit
C. the plan and the method of production
D. both the quantity and quality of a product
5. The best title for this passage may be _______.
A. Problems of Modern Workers
B. Making Jobs More Interesting
C. Pushing Workers to Produce More
D. How to Improve Labor Conditions
【答案與解析】 本文分析的是專家們就如何提高工人勞動生產(chǎn)率的問題所提出的不同觀點(diǎn)。
1. C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them 可推斷如果工作本身有意義，更多的錢和更短的工作時間對工人們來說就不那么重要了。因此可推出答案為C。
2. D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第2段The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way 中 must be used in a fixed way（必須按固定的方式），可推知答案為D。
3. D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第3段 In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product…工人看到的`只是產(chǎn)品的一部分，而沒有意識到做出的貢獻(xiàn)，即不清楚工作的重要性，因此認(rèn)為工作不令人愉快。由此可推出答案為D。
4. B。推理判斷題。推斷詞義。文章中多次出現(xiàn)這個詞。根據(jù)第1段第一句how to make their workers more productive（多產(chǎn)的），怎樣使工人的在一定時間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出更多產(chǎn)品。But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity？和 To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity?由此可猜測該詞指產(chǎn)品數(shù)量，故答案為B。
5.C。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第1段第1句the problem of how to make their workers more productive(如何使工人的工作更有效)，即如何提高勞動生產(chǎn)率。故答案為C。
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 3
Macao, also called Macau, is on the western side of the Pearl River entrance, at the head of which is the Chinese port of Guangdong and it stands opposite Hong Kong which is on the eastern side of the entrance. It is made of a small narrow peninsula sticking out from Guangdong province. The total area of Macao is about 21.45 square kilometers, and it is made up of three parts: Macao Peninsula, Dingbat Isle and Lehman Isle.
Between Macao Peninsula and Dingbat Isle there are two bridges which join the two parts together, and there is also a highway between the Dingbat and Lehman Isles. Therefore, two bridges and one highway make the three parts of Macao into an integrated region.
Macao faces to the vast sea and its back is the Pearl River Delta. The two big cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and the two special economic zones Hula and Shenzhen are its neighbors. All of this offers much advantage for its economic development.
Macao has a population of about 450, 000. This is very large against the size of the area. The average population density reaches 20, 000 per square kilometer. It is one of the densest population regions in the world. The majority of its people are Chinese, who make up 96% of the whole population.
1. Which is the advantage for Macao’s economic development?
A. Macao is on the coast line.
B. Macao is near some big cities or special economic zones.
C. Macao’s back is a rich delta.
D. All of the above.
2. In Macao there are only about _______ people who are not Chinese.
A. 18，000 B. 20，000
C. 21，450 D. 428，000
【答案與解析】文章主要介紹澳門(Macao)的人口、地理位置和經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢。
1. D。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從倒數(shù)第2段可知A、B、C三項(xiàng)都正確，即答案選D。
2. A。推理判斷題。從文章的最后一段可知在Macao有96%是中國人，有4%不是，從Macao has a population of about 450, 000可知450000×4%=18000，故答案選A。
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 4
Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people‘s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well， the air is full of ions， electrically charged particles， and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm， earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral， Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres， or from TV sets， duplicators or computer display screens.
When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches， fatigue， irritability， and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected， particularly before earthquakes， snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation， rats to flee from their burrows， dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.
Conversely， when large numbers of negative ions are present， then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea， close to waterfalls or fountains， or in any place where water is sprayed， or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea， or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.
To increase the supply of negative ions indoors， some scientists recommend the use of ionisers： small portable machines， which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course， there are the detractors， other scientists， who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves， or on others， of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.
1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?
A.They think they are insane.
B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.
C.They become violently sick.
D.They are too tired to do anything.
2.In accordance with the passage， static electricity can be caused by___.
A.using home-made electrical goods.
B.wearing clothes made of natural materials.
C.walking on artificial floor coverings.
D.copying TV programs on a computer.
3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found___.
A.near a pound with a water pump.
B.close to a slow-flowing river.
C.high in some barren mountains.
D.by a rotating water sprinkler.
4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?
A.Ionisers.
B.Air-conditioners.
C.Exhaust-fans
D.Vacuum pumps.
5.Some scientists believe that___.
A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography.
B.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted.
C.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable.
D.earthquake
答案：BCDAA
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 5
Better Known As Mark Twain
The remarkable man went to a log-cabin schooluntil he was twelve years old. That was the end ofhis formal education. In spite of this, he became themost famous literary figure of his generation .
Mark Twain was born in a small Missouri village nearthe Mississippi River2 in 1835. At that time, AndrewJackson3 was the president of the country. AbrahamLincoln was still a young farm laborer in Illinois. The first railroad had been built seven yearsbefore. The Industrial Revolution was at hand. 4 The economic collapse of Americanprosperity, called the Panic of 1837, still lay ahead. This was also the literary period later calledthe“New England Renaissance ”
Mark Twain was not a healthy baby. In fact, he was not expected to live through the firstwinter. But with his mother’s tender care , he managed to survive. He had been born in a tinytwo-room cabin. Eight people lived together there . He had four brothers and sisters. A slavegirl lived with them too.
As a boy, Mark Twain caused much trouble for his parents. He used to play practical jokes on allof his friends and neighbors. The nature of his jokes often led to violence . He hated to go toschool, and he constantly ran away from home. He always went in the direction of the nearbyMississippi. He was fascinated by that mighty river. He liked to sit on the bank of the river forhours at a time and just gaze at the mysterious islands and the passing boats and rafts. Hewas nearly drowned nine different times. He learned many things about the river during thosedays. He learned all about its history and the unusual people who rode up and down5 it. Henever forgot those scenes and those people. He later made them part of the history of Americain his books Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn6.
閱讀自測
�、�. This is the summary of the passage. Try to fill in the blanks with proper words :
Mark Twain was born in a small village near the __________River in 1835. He was not a healthybaby, so he was not expected to live __________ the first winter. Thanks to his mother’s__________care, he managed to survive . He has been born in a tiny two-room __________ . __________people lived together there. He had __________brothers and sisters and a girl livewith them too. When he was a boy, he used to play __________jokes on his friends andneighbors. He hated to go to school but was __________ by the mighty river. He learned allabout its history and __________the unusual people who rode __________ and __________it. Later in his works Tom Sawyer and he made them part of American history.
�、�. Quizzes:
1. What has four eyes ( Ⅰ) but cannot see?
2. It is said that river is richer than any other things. Why?
參考答案:
�、�. Mississippi / through / tender / cabin / Eight / four/ slave / practical / fascinated up / down /Huckleberry Finn
�、�. 1. Mississippi. 2. Because on each side of the river,there is one bank.
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 6
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Small increases in temperature found to add power to storms in the Atlantic.
Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean are expected to gain considerable strength asthe global temperature continues to rise, a new study has found.
Using modeling data focused on the conditions in which hurricanes form, a group ofinternational researchers based at Beijing Normal University found that for every 1.8°F ( 1℃ )rise of the Earths temperature, the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic that are as strong orstronger than Hurricane Katrina will increase twofold to sevenfold.
Hurricane strength is directly related to the heat of the water where the storm forms. Morewater vapor in the air from evaporating ocean water adds fuel to hurricanes that build strengthand head toward land.
Hurricane Katrina is widely considered the measure for a destructive storm, holding themaximum Category 5 designation for a full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as itpassed over the Florida peninsula, but gained destructive power fight before colliding withNew Orleans, killing more than 200 people and causing $ 80 billion in damage.
The study points to a gradual increase of Katrina-like events. The warming experiencedover the 20th century doubled the number of such debilitating(將人類摧垮的)storms. But theongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase the frequency of theworst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean withmuitiple Category 5 storms every year.
"Our results support the idea that changes in regional sea surface temperatures is theprimary cause of hurricane variability," said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Center forIce and Climate at the University of Copenhagen. The large impact of small sea-surfacetemperature increases was more than Girustead and his colleagues had anticipated. Theentire study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Global temperatures have steadily increased, making the past decade the warmest onrecord. Earlier this year, climate researchers reported that the Earths temperatures have risenfaster in the last century than at any point since the last ice age, 11,300 years ago. Theprimary cause, a couseusus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhousegases like carbon dioxide and methane.
Past hurricanes have supported the studys finding that global temperature rise is linkedto more destructive storms. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, whilethe frequency of storms doesnt appear to have increased, the percentage of strong ones hasrisen sharply over the past few decades. The trend may be similar further back in time, butcomprehensive hurricane data doesnt exist.
61. According to the team of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University,the rise of the Earths temperature is likely to cause
A.the coming of ice age
C.more Katrina-like or worse hurricanes
B.less intense hurricanes
D.more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
62. The ocean water in the region where the storm forms
A.is heating the hurricanes
B.evaporates and becomes fuel
C.heads toward land
D.turns into water vapor that makes hurricanes stronger
63. Which of the following statement is TRUE about Hurricane Katrina?
A.It did not lose its strength as it moved.
B.It claimed over 200 peoples lives.
C.It caused 80 billion dollars loss for Florida peninsula.
D.It lasted for full 24 hours.
64. What result can regional sea surface temperature changes produce?
A.Hurricane changes.
C.Global warming.
B.Increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
D.Destructive hurricanes.
65. It can be inferred from the passage that
A.there is no link between greenhouse gas emissions and destructive storms
B.reduction of greenhouse gas emissions may reduce destructive storms
C.the higher percentage of strong ones rose as more hurricanes appeared
D.past records on hurricanes included everything needed
參考答案
61.C)。本題考查地球溫度上升帶來的變化。定位句提到“地球溫度每上升l.8華氏度(1攝氏度)，那么大西洋中強(qiáng)度可匹敵甚至勝過卡特里娜颶風(fēng)的颶風(fēng)數(shù)量會增加兩倍乃至七倍”，故C)“更多像卡特里娜那樣或是更糟糕的颶風(fēng)”為答案。
62.D)。本題考查對颶風(fēng)形成的區(qū)域中海水情況的`理解。定位句提到“從海洋中蒸發(fā)到空氣中的水分越多，那么颶風(fēng)的威力就越強(qiáng)，然后會直撲陸地”，故D)“蒸發(fā)成水蒸氣，使得風(fēng)暴威力增強(qiáng)”為答案。
68.B)。本題考查颶風(fēng)卡特里娜的細(xì)節(jié)。定位句提到“卡特里娜颶風(fēng)在抵達(dá)新奧爾良州之前威力大增，其巨大的破壞力致使200余人喪生，并造成了800億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”，故答案為B)。
64.A)。本題考查局域海面溫度的變化對颶風(fēng)造成的影響。根據(jù)定位句，局域海面溫度的變
化是颶風(fēng)變化的主要原因，故答案為A)。
65.B)。由倒數(shù)第二段最后一句和最后一段的第一句可知，全球變暖是由溫室氣體大量排放引起的，而全球變暖和破壞性風(fēng)暴頻率變高之間存在聯(lián)系，由此可推知，減少溫室氣體排放，或可緩解全球變暖的趨勢，從而減少破壞性風(fēng)暴的發(fā)生頻率，故答案為B)。
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 7
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
A bull grazes on dry wheat husks(Phi) in Logan, Kansas, one of the regions hit by therecord drought that has affected more than half of the U. S. and is expected to drive up foodprices.
Leadinu water scientists have issued one of the sternest warnings yet about global foodsupplies, saying that the world’s population may have to switch almost completely to avegetarian diet over the next 40 years to avoid catastrophic shortages.
Adopting a vegetarian diet is one option to increase the amount of water available to growmore food in an increasingly climate-unstable world, the scientists said. Animal protein-richfood consumes 5 to 10 times more water than a vegetarian diet. One third of the world’sarable(適于耕種的) land is used to grow crops to feed animals. Other options to feed peopleinclude eliminating waste and increasing trade between countries in food surplus and those indeficit.
"900 million people already go hungry and 2 billion people are malnourished in spite of thefact that per capita food production continues to increase," they said. "With 70% of allavailable water being in agriculture, growing more food to feed an additional 2 billion peopleby 2050 will place greater pressure on available water and land. "
The report is being released at the start of the annual world water conference inStockholm, Sweden, where 2,500 politicians, UN bodies, non-governmental groups andresearchers from 120 countries meet to address global water supply problems.
Competition for water between food production and other uses will intensify pressure onessential resources, the scientists said. "The UN predicts that we must increase foodproduction by 70% by mid-century. This will place additional pressure on our ’alreadystressed water resources, at a time when we also need to allocate more water to satisfy globalenergy demand-- which is expected to rise 60% over the coming 30 years--and to generateelectricity for the 1.3 billion people currently without it," said the report.
Overeating, undernourishment and waste are all on the rise and increased food productionmay face future constraints from water scarcity.
"We will need a new recipe to feed the world in the future," said the report’s editor, AndersJagerskog.
A separate report from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) said the bestway for countries to protect millions of farmers from food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa andsouth Asia was to help them invest in small pumps and simple technology, rather than todevelop expensive, large-scale irrigation projects.
"Farmem across the developing world are increasingly relying on and benefiting from small-scale,locally-relevant water solutions. These techniques could increase yields up to 300% andadd tens of billions of U. S. dollars to household revenues across sub-Saharan Africa and southAsia. " said Dr. Colin Chartres, the director general.
61. What can be inferred from the water scientists’ warning?
A. The record drought forces half of the U. S. to go hungry.
B. The record drought drives up food prices m the U. S.
C. Severe food shortage may happen without proper measures.
D. A vegetarian diet is the only option to avoid disastrous shortages.
62. What do the scientists say can be done to increase food supply?
A. Grow more animal protein-rich food.
B. Turn pastures into arable lands.
C. Promote trade between countries self-sufficient in food.
D. Increase the amount of water for food production.
63. According to the water scientists’ report,A. per capita food production has been increasing
B. reduced food supply will make more people malnourished
C. 70% of water will be used to feed 2 billion people by 2050
D. researchers begin to seek solutions to tackle water problem
64. In regard to the problem of water supply, scientists believe
A. more water should be allocated to satisfy energy demand
B. food production must be increased to 70% by mid-century
C. energy demand will intensify pressure on water resources
D. electricity generation must be increased by 60% 30 years later
65. What does the IWMI say is the best solution to food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africaand south Asia?
A. Applying small pumps and simple technology.
B. Launching large-scale irrigation projects.
C. Increase the local household revenues.
D. Investing in a new expensive irrigation project.
參考答案：
61.C)。本題考查對水資源科學(xué)家警示的理解。定位段指出，一些水科學(xué)帶頭人發(fā)布了一個關(guān)于全球糧食供應(yīng)的最高級警報，指出為了避免災(zāi)難性的糧食緊缺，在未來的四十年，世界人口的飲食可能不得不幾乎全轉(zhuǎn)換為素食，故答案為C)。
62.D)。本題考查科學(xué)家對于增加食物供應(yīng)量的建議。定位句指出，科學(xué)家指出，素食的飲食習(xí)慣是在逐漸不穩(wěn)定的氣候條件下增加用來生產(chǎn)更多的食物的可用水資源總量的一種選擇，故答案為D)。
63.A)。本題考查對水資源科學(xué)家研究報告的理解。文中第四段第一句指出，科學(xué)家們說： “盡管人均糧食產(chǎn)量在持續(xù)增加，但仍有9億人正在挨餓，20億人營養(yǎng)不良，故答案為A)。
64.C)。本題考查科學(xué)家對于水資源供給的.態(tài)度。文中第六段第一句指出，報告中提到，“聯(lián)合國預(yù)測，到本世紀(jì)中葉，我們必須增加70%的糧食產(chǎn)量。這會給本就緊張的水資源造成更大的壓力”。第三句指出，“與此同時，我們需要分配更多的水資源來滿足世界能源的需求”，故答案為C)。
65.A)。本題考查解決撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)及南亞缺水問題的最佳途徑。定位段指出，在撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)和南亞地區(qū)，防止農(nóng)民遭受糧食危機(jī)的最好方法是幫助他們投資建造小型水泵和使用簡單的技術(shù)，這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)好于開發(fā)昂貴的、大規(guī)模的灌溉工程，故答案為A)。
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 8
According to a paper to be published in Psychological Science this has an interesting psychological effect. A group of researchers, led by Eugene Caruso of the University of Chicago, found that people judge the distance of events 1 , depending on whether they are in the past or future. The paper calls this the "Temporal Doppler Effect". In physics, the Doppler Effect describes the way that waves change frequency depending on whether their 2 is travelling towards or away from you. Mr. Caruso argues that something similar happens with people’s perception of time. Because future events are associated with diminishing distance, while those in the past are thought of as 3 , something happening in one month feels psychologically 4 than something that happened a month ago.
This idea was tested in a series of experiments. In one, researchers asked 323 5 and divided them into two groups. A week before Valentine’s day, members of the first were asked how they planned to celebrate it. A week after February 14th the second group reported how they had celebrated it. Both groups also had to describe how near the day felt on a 6 of one to seven. Those describing forthcoming plans-were more likely to report it as feeling "a short time from now", while those who had already 7 it tended to cluster at the "a long time from now" end of the scale. To account for the risk that recalling actual events requires different cognitive functions than imagining ones that have not yet happened, they also asked participants to 8 the distance of hypothetical events a month in the past or future. The asymmetry (不對稱) remained.
Mr. Caruso speculates that his research has 9 for psychological well-being. He suspects that people who do not show this bias-those who feel the past as being closer-might be more 10 to rumination( 沉思)or depression ,because they are more likely to dwell on past events.
A) advancing B) apparently C)available D)closer
E)differently F)evaluate G)experienced H)implications
I)prospect J)rate K)receding L)scale
M)source N)subject O)volunteers
參考答案及解析：
1.E) 空格所在賓語從句主謂賓完整，推測應(yīng)填入副詞。后文提到“依據(jù)它們是已經(jīng)歷過的還是沒發(fā)生的而有所不同”，因此differently“不同地”為答案。備選副詞中apparently“顯然地”與句意不符，故排除。
2.M) 空格位于人稱代詞所有格后，應(yīng)填入名詞作主語。根據(jù)后半句“向你走來還是遠(yuǎn)離你”可知，此處單詞應(yīng)與波形的運(yùn)動方式或發(fā)出點(diǎn)有關(guān)，因此source“來源”符合句意，故為答案。備選名詞中implications“暗示”、prospect“前景”、scale“等級”和volunteers“志愿者” 與句意不符，故均排除。
3.K) 空格在介詞as之后，推測應(yīng)填入動詞-ing形式或名詞�？崭袼诰錇樵驙钫Z從句，并有連接詞while表示兩種情況的對比，主句的大意是“一個月后要發(fā)生的事情在心理上感覺比一個月前發(fā)生過的事情距離更近”�？崭裉巻卧~描述的是those in past，因此應(yīng)與“距離遠(yuǎn)”的意思相關(guān)。因此receding“(距離上)逐漸遠(yuǎn)離”為答案。備選-ing形式動詞中，advancing意為“前進(jìn)”，與文意不符，故排除。
4.D) 空格位于than前，可知應(yīng)填入形容詞比較級。前文說到，未來的事情與距離消失相關(guān)，過去的事情往往傾向于遠(yuǎn)離，即未來的事情我們會感覺近些，過去的事情我們感覺遠(yuǎn)些。closer“更近的”符合文意，故為答案。備選形容詞中，只有一個比較級，亦可直接選出答案。
5.O) 空格位于數(shù)字323之后，故應(yīng)填入復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。結(jié)合句意“研究者邀請了323名____，并把他們分成兩組�！笨芍�，volunteers“志愿者”與文意相符，故為答案。在備選名詞中，另一個復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞implications“暗示”與文意不符，故排除;備選詞subject也可看作是名詞“受試者”，但不是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故排除。
6.L) 空格在不定冠詞a與介詞of之間，應(yīng)填入名詞。結(jié)合句意 “兩組都被要求按一至七的描述他們對情人節(jié)感覺的'距離”可知，on a scale of“按……的等級”與文意相符，故L為答案。備選名詞中prospect“前景”和implications“暗示”均不符合句意，故排除。
7.G) 空格與前面的主動詞had構(gòu)成定語從句的謂語，推測應(yīng)填入過去分詞。前文提到那些描述未來計劃的人感覺時間短，后文應(yīng)表達(dá)的是那些描述已經(jīng)過去事件者的感覺，因此experienced“經(jīng)歷”符合句意，故為答案。其他備選動詞形式不符，可直接排除。
8.J) 空格在動詞不定式to后，應(yīng)填入動詞原形。前文提到了研究人員要求志愿者們給未來和已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的遠(yuǎn)近感覺評1～7的等級，因此這里的意思應(yīng)是他們還要求參與者為想象中未來和過去事情的遠(yuǎn)近感覺評等級，故rate“評級”為答案。備選動詞中evaluate“評價”意思相近，但不如rate表意準(zhǔn)確，故排除。
9.H) 空格位于動詞has后，且后接for，應(yīng)填入能與for搭配的名詞，因此implications“暗示”為答案。
10. N) 空格位于謂語might be后，且前面有more修飾，后接不定式to，推測應(yīng)填入能與to搭配的形容詞原形。結(jié)合句意 “他懷疑那些沒有這種偏向性的人們，……可能更常——多思或沮喪的侵?jǐn)_”。be subject to“受……支配，常遭受”符合文意.故N為答案。備選形容詞中available不與to搭配，故排除。
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 9
Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information， but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words.
We don‘t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “ I‘m letting off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I‘m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner， “This step has to be fixed before I‘ll buy.” The owner says， “ It’s been like that for years.” Actually， the step hasn‘t been like that for years， but the unspoken message is： “ I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can‘t you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it， when it occurred， the related conditions or situation， and how it was said.
When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend‘s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example， a person who says “No!” to a serials of charges like “You’re dumb，” “You‘re lazy，” and “You’re dishonest，” may also say “No!” and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And you‘re good looking.”
We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words， “If sure has been nice to have you over，” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.
1.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners， if ___.
A.they use proper words to carry their ideas.
B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.
C.they try to understand each other‘s ideas beyond words.
D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words.
2.“I‘m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means___.
A.I‘m just calling your attention.
B.I‘m just kidding.
C.I‘m just saying the opposite.
D.I‘m just giving off some sound.
3.The house-owner‘s example shows that he actually means___.
A.the step has been like that for years.
B.he doesn‘t think it necessary to fix the step.
C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.
D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.
4.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical， but are justifiable if___.
A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.
B.seen as one‘s habitual pattern of behavior.
C.taken as part of an ordering sequence.
D.expressed to a series of charges.
5.The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done___.
A.without true intention.
B.light-heartedly.
C.in a way of ceremony.
D.with less emphasis.
答案：DBABC
英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析 10
Campus Life
An Apple for the Teacher
American schoolchildren occasionally present anapple to the teacher. Obviously the custom containsan element of bribery 1 — you offer sweet fruit toauthority figures to “sweeten” 2 their disposition3. In school childrens case, the apple is offered tomake their grades more favorable. Therefore, theapple has more or less acquired a corrosive4 reputation and maybe for this reason, in slangEnglish “to applepolish” means“to flatter or fawn” and an applepolisher is a flatterer.
But the custom might also be explained as a fair payment for the teachers instruction. In theearly days of public education, school teachers were not always salaried. Often they would bepaid in goods and services, offered by either the school, or the pupils or the parents. . ..Therefore, the occasional gift of an apple for the teacher in todays classroom should be awelcome reminder of the era when education was one -to-one and when teaching meantenlightening the students rather than identifying their rankings.
Caps and Gowns
For students, the most exciting moment may be the graduation ceremony 5: parents, relativesand friends are invited to the ceremony; all the graduates are wearing black square flat capsand gowns. They all await the president to announce in the end,“Now, please move yourtassels from right to left. ”
The caps and gowns worn by high school and college graduates today are survivors of theeveryday dress worn by members of the academic community in medieval Europe. Themajority of scholars in the Middle Ages6 were churchmen, or soon to become so, and theirdress was often strictly regulated by the universities where they taught and studied. Thestandard clerical dress throughout Europe was the long black cope. The original preferencefor black was changed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as such colors as red, violetand purple came into fashion; but by the Renaissance black was back, as the color blacksymbolized simple and plain, or austere way of life in the sixteenth century. With fewexceptions, modern universities keep that ceremonial austerity.
The origin of the square flat cap, or mortarboard7 , is obscure, though it probably derives fromthe medieval biretta . Such a tufted square cap is considered the badge of the 024 mastership, and is later adopted by undergraduates and schoolboys. The term mortarboard does notappear in English until the 1850 s. The tassel that graduates transfer from one side to anotheras a signal of their elevation is an outgrowth of the medieval tuft. The tuft still appears onthe modern biretta, worn by bishops throughout the Church of Rome .
閱讀自測
�、�. True o r false :
1. Nowadays, American pupils always offer an apple to the teacher in order to get a bettergrade.
2. In the early days of public education, schoolteachers were paid in money.
3. In America, the caps and gowns are only adopted by college graduates during graduationceremonies.
4. Before the Renaissance, the standard clerical dress was black.
5. The biretta was considered the mark of scholarship.
6. That the graduates move the tassel from one side to the other is a signal of elevation.
�、�. Questions :
1. According to the passage, when you say somebody is an apple polisher, what do you reallymean by saying that?
2. For students, when is the most exciting moment?
3. After graduation, which side should you put your tassel, right or left?
參考答案
Ⅰ. 1. T 2. F 3 . F 4 . F 5. T 6. T
�、�. 1. It really means that he is flattering orfawning some figures.
2. For students, the most exciting moment is thegraduation ceremony, especially the moment whenthe president makes the announcement.
3. After graduation, the tassel should be put to theleft side.
參考譯文
校園記趣
獻(xiàn)給老師的蘋果
美國的學(xué)童經(jīng)常會送蘋果給老師。很明顯, 這個習(xí)慣做法有點(diǎn)行賄的意味——— 給當(dāng)權(quán)者一些甜頭來軟化他們的態(tài)度。對學(xué)童來說, 他們送老師蘋果只是為了得到更令人滿意的成績。為此, 蘋果的榮譽(yù)多少受到些損害, 而且可能就是這個緣故, 英語俚語“to applepolish”的意思就是“ 阿諛奉承, 溜須拍馬”, 而“ applepolisher”則指“ 馬屁精”。 這一習(xí)慣做法同樣可以看作是對老師授課的一種合理報答。公立教育早期, 學(xué)校教師并不總是拿薪水的。通常情況下, 他們得到的報酬是學(xué)校、學(xué)生或?qū)W生家長提供的實(shí)物或服務(wù)。因此, 在今天的教室里時常出現(xiàn)的送老師蘋果的現(xiàn)象應(yīng)該算是對那個年代的一種美好回憶。那時的教育是一對一式的, 而且那時的教學(xué)是為了使學(xué)生受到教育, 而不是為了區(qū)分他們的社會地位。
學(xué)士帽與學(xué)士服
對學(xué)生而言, 激動人心的時刻莫過于畢業(yè)典禮。父母及親朋好友都被邀請來參加典禮。所有的畢業(yè)生都頭戴黑色的方平帽, 身穿黑長袍。他們等待著校長在后一刻宣布: “ 現(xiàn)在, 請將你的流蘇從右邊移到左邊�！� 今天的高中生和大學(xué)生戴的'學(xué)士帽, 穿的學(xué)士服是由中世紀(jì)歐洲學(xué)院里學(xué)者們的日常 著裝演變而來的。中世紀(jì)時, 大多數(shù)的學(xué)者要么是牧師, 要么將要成為牧師; 他們的著裝經(jīng)常受到他們?nèi)谓袒驅(qū)W習(xí)的大學(xué)的嚴(yán)格控制。在整個歐洲, 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的牧師服都是黑色的長袍。 13 和14 世紀(jì)的時候, 人們初偏愛黑色的狀況得到了改變, 諸如紅色、紫羅蘭色和紫色這樣的顏色開始流行起來。但是到了文藝復(fù)興時期, 黑色又流行回來, 因?yàn)楹谏砹撕喖s樸素和16 世紀(jì)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目嘈薹绞健，F(xiàn)代大學(xué)都少有例外地保留了那種肅穆簡樸的儀式。方平帽或者學(xué)士帽的起源不甚了了, 不過這很可能是從中世紀(jì)的法冠演變而來。這種植絨的方帽被看作是學(xué)位的象征, 后來被大學(xué)本科生和高中生采用。學(xué)士帽這個術(shù)語直到 19 世紀(jì)50 年代才傳到英國。畢業(yè)生們將其從一邊移到另一邊, 作為一種晉級標(biāo)志的流蘇其實(shí)是中世紀(jì)時的帽穗的派生。現(xiàn)代羅馬教會的大主教們戴的法冠上仍保留著這種穗子。
【英語六級長篇閱讀真題解析】相關(guān)文章：
托福閱讀真題回顧解析10-15
托福閱讀真題預(yù)測及答案解析10-12
托福TPO真題閱讀答案解析10-17
英語六級長篇閱讀練習(xí)及答案解析09-11
英語六級閱讀真題10-10
2017年托福閱讀真題答案及解析07-09
全國英語六級長篇閱讀新題型解析08-16