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六級(jí)聽力的類型和特點(diǎn)「干貨」
對(duì)于英語六級(jí)的考生來說，英語聽力真的是一塊硬骨頭，因此考生在備考英語六級(jí)聽力的時(shí)候一定要先摸清聽力的類型和特點(diǎn)，才能有針對(duì)性地復(fù)習(xí)。
一、六級(jí)英語聽力的類型
1.對(duì)話
聽力部分一般是20個(gè)小題，由a和b兩部分組成。第一部分通常是10個(gè)對(duì)話，每個(gè)對(duì)話設(shè)一個(gè)小題，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇正確答案。
2.短文
b部分有兩種形式，一是聽短文。一般是三篇120-140字之間的短文，每篇短文后有三到四個(gè)問題，共10道小題。該部分主要測(cè)試同學(xué)們的整體理解能力。
3.復(fù)合式聽寫
b部分的另一種是復(fù)合式聽寫。復(fù)合式聽寫由兩部分組成。一是單詞聽寫，要求同學(xué)們毫無差錯(cuò)地填出短文所缺單詞。另一種是補(bǔ)全信息。一般是，每段的第一句主題句已經(jīng)給出，要求填出具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容說明主題，可以使用聽到的原話，也可以使用自己的語言。
二、六級(jí)英語聽力的命題規(guī)律以及測(cè)試重點(diǎn)
1. 對(duì)話
對(duì)話部分考查的重點(diǎn)有：
1) 地點(diǎn)
根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或?qū)υ捴兴崾录l(fā)生的地點(diǎn)是四六級(jí)英語聽力測(cè)試中常見的也是比較重要的一個(gè)題型。地點(diǎn)題一般有以下幾種：
(1)根據(jù)信息詞設(shè)題
�、� w: dear, i feel hungry now. how about you?
m: so do i.let me call room service.hello,room service.please
send a menu to 320 right away.
q: where are the two speakers?
a. in a hotel. b. at a dinner table.
c. in the street. d. at the man's house.
該題通過hungry 和menu來迷惑同學(xué)們，引導(dǎo)大家選擇b，其實(shí)，本題所借助的信息詞是room service 和320這個(gè)房間號(hào)，答案是a。
�、� m: can you stay for dinner?
w: i'd love to. but i have to go and send some registered mail
before picking up the children from school.
q: where will the woman go first?
a. to the school b. to a friend's house.
c. to the post office. d. home
本題借助registered mail設(shè)題，答案是c。但這里同樣也有地點(diǎn)的辨析問題，要求同學(xué)們能聽出是"首先到……地方"。
③ m: excuse me,i'm looking for the emergency room.i thought that
it was on the first floor.
w: it is. this is the basement.take the elevator one flight up
and turn left.
q: where did the conversation most probably take place?
a. in a library b. in a hotel.
c. in a hospital. d. in an elevator
本題設(shè)題所依據(jù)的信息詞是emergency room，只要考生了解其語域就可判斷答案為c。
(2)借助對(duì)話中提到的多個(gè)地點(diǎn)設(shè)題
有時(shí)對(duì)話中提到的地點(diǎn)不只一個(gè)，這時(shí)，一般是將所有的地點(diǎn)都包括在選項(xiàng)之中。這種情況下，同學(xué)們不必考慮信息詞問題，只要能將地點(diǎn)與其相關(guān)事件聯(lián)系起來就可確定答案。如：
�、� m: i did not see our boss yesterday. has he come back?
w: he was just back from france besides visiting britain，
germany，and spain.
q: which country did the woman visit first?
a. france b. britain c. germany d. spain
四個(gè)地點(diǎn)都是訪問過的地點(diǎn)，要求同學(xué)們能夠分清先后。答案為b。
�、� m: will mr. smith come to the party at the weekend?
w: he'll be supposed to，，but he won't be back from his trip
until the next week.
q: where will mr. smith be on saturday?
a. at the party b. at home
c. still on his trip d. back from his trip.
本題是將地點(diǎn)與時(shí)間連在一起，要求同學(xué)們?cè)诼牭耐瑫r(shí)注意區(qū)別每個(gè)事件所發(fā)生的時(shí)間，答案為c。
2) 職業(yè)、身份
根據(jù)說話內(nèi)容判斷說話者的身份和職業(yè)是四六級(jí)聽力測(cè)試中又一常見題型。該題型的題項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)有兩種：
(1)說話者自身的身份或職業(yè)
根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容判斷說話者一方的職業(yè)或身份：
�、� w: good evening,professor david.my name is susan gray.i'm with
the local newspaper.do you mind if i ask you a few questions?
m: not at all. go ahead, please.
q: what is susan gray.
a. a writer. b. a teacher. c. a reporter. d. a student.
由local newspaper可以判斷說話者是位記者，在采訪。
�、� m: how about the food i ordered? i've been waiting for 20 minutes
already.
w: i'm very sorry, sir. i'll be back with your order in a minute.
q: who is the man most probably speaking to?
a. a shop assistant. b. a telephone operator
c. a waitress. d. a clerk.
與order有關(guān)的自然是waitress，答案為a。
(2)說話雙方之間的關(guān)系
該題型是上一題型的延伸，要求同學(xué)們能判斷說話者雙方的身份，問題經(jīng)常是 what's the relationship between the two speakers?
① w: how long will it take you to fix my watch?
m: i'll call you when it's ready. but it shouldn't take longer
than a week.
q: what is the probable relationship between the speakers?
a. librarian and student. b. operator and caller.
c. boss and secretary. d. customer and repairman.
既然女士讓男的fix my watch，說明對(duì)方是repairman，而自己是customer。
�、� m: sorry to trouble you.but is there any possibility of borrowing
a blanket? i feel cold.
w: i think we've got one. could you wait until after take-off
please?
q: what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
a. a guest and a receptionist.
b. a passenger and an air hostess.
c. a customer and a shop assistant.
d. a guest and a waitress.
take-off一詞的使用說明女的是空姐，答案自然是b。
可以看出，職業(yè)、身份以及說話雙方關(guān)系的選擇所依據(jù)的同樣是信息詞。當(dāng)然，要判斷雙方的關(guān)系，還可以從說話的方式入手。如：
m: make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for mr. brown.
w: certainly sir. as soon as i make the final corrections on the
original.
q: what's the relationship between the two speakers?
a. boss and secretary. b. lawyer and client.
c teacher and student. d. nurse and patient.
兩人間說話的語氣和方式表明是"老板與秘書"的關(guān)系。
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