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GMAT邏輯推理解析：找不出討論對(duì)象本質(zhì)關(guān)系
GMAT邏輯推理中的假設(shè)題型作為一類常考題型有著非常重要的意義，往往在考試時(shí)，考生卻不知道應(yīng)該如何有效找到可以使得整個(gè)推理成立的必要條件，或者考生往往出于使推理一定正確的心理，在各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中游走不定，最終導(dǎo)致考生無(wú)法清楚到底哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)才是“真正”的符合題干要求的推理?xiàng)l件。
其實(shí)我們?cè)诮忸}的過(guò)程中把握一個(gè)宗旨，也許我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)假設(shè)題型并非我們想象的那樣難，這個(gè)宗旨就是：只需要找到一個(gè)能使得推理成立的條件或者說(shuō)是必要條件，我們不需要去保證通過(guò)這個(gè)條件推理一定做到正確。下面就讓我們通過(guò)實(shí)例對(duì)考生在假設(shè)推理的過(guò)程中容易出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行解析，歡迎來(lái)閱讀!
無(wú)法找出題干中討論對(duì)象之間的本質(zhì)關(guān)系
例：A thorough search of Edgar Allan Poe’s correspondence has turned up not a single letter in which he mentions his reputed morphine addiction. On the basis of this evidence it is safe to say that Poe’s reputation for having been a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue.
Which of the following is assumed by the argument above?
(A) Reports claiming that Poe was addicted to morphine did not begin to circulate until after his death.
(B) None of the reports of Poe’s supposed morphine addiction can be traced to individuals who actually knew Poe.
(C) Poe’s income from writing would not have been sufficient to support a morphine addiction
(D) Poe would have been unable to carry on an extensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine
(E) Fear of the consequences would not have prevented Poe from indicating in his correspondence that he was addicted to morphine.
上述題干中提到：一、研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Poe的信件中未提及他患有嗎啡癮;二、Poe沒(méi)有嗎啡癮
本題極力在讓考生從“對(duì)Poe的信件調(diào)查[證據(jù)]→Poe未患有嗎啡癮[結(jié)論]”找出兩者的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，5個(gè)選項(xiàng)中也給出了不同的假設(shè)，那么我們只需通過(guò)反推，來(lái)找出一種能夠使得推理成立的假設(shè)條件即可，但考生往往會(huì)拋開(kāi)“信件調(diào)查”去思考其他使得上述結(jié)論正確的條件(假設(shè))，換句話說(shuō)考生往往會(huì)認(rèn)為除了對(duì)信件的調(diào)查這樣一個(gè)證據(jù)以外，還可以有其他證據(jù)能夠推出Poe未患有嗎啡癮。
通常來(lái)講，當(dāng)一個(gè)推理是從一個(gè)我們已知的，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)推斷出一個(gè)結(jié)論的時(shí)候，我們需要記住的就是，其中的隱含假設(shè)多為這個(gè)結(jié)論的唯一原因，換句話說(shuō)，在本題中要想對(duì)Poe的信件做出說(shuō)明，那么我們只能假定Poe不會(huì)因害怕后果而不在其信件中提及對(duì)嗎啡的嗜好，本題的正確假設(shè)選項(xiàng)為E.
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