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解析雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：在雅思考試中，閱讀和平時(shí)讀報(bào)時(shí)找關(guān)鍵的特定信息有類似之處。這樣的閱讀方法其實(shí)就是在雅思考試當(dāng)中所需要的技巧。讀者需要把閱讀重點(diǎn)限定在跟問(wèn)題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)上，而其他部分只需要去概讀、尋讀和掃讀也就夠了。
雅思閱讀中的特殊信號(hào)詞
特殊的信號(hào)詞，就是那些很容易識(shí)別的詞，如大寫字母開(kāi)頭的人名，地名，專有名詞，以及特殊印刷體和黑體，這些詞在英語(yǔ)文章中顯得尤為突出，往往也是題干中關(guān)鍵詞的原詞定位。
例如'the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years toconduct a thorough search for the extra-terrestrial life’'這句話，出現(xiàn)了US Congress, NASA 專有名詞信號(hào)詞，極有可能成為定位的訊息。的確，判斷題型中有一題'the NASA project attracted criticism fromsome members of Congress.'就是根據(jù)這兩個(gè)信號(hào)詞精確地回到原文定位。
雅思閱讀中的普通信號(hào)詞
雅思閱讀作為一項(xiàng)專業(yè)的語(yǔ)言水平測(cè)試，當(dāng)然不能只依靠容易識(shí)別的特殊信號(hào)詞，文章中的普通信號(hào)詞對(duì)于解題可謂是功不可沒(méi)。
1)表原因的信號(hào)詞
例如reason, cause, since, in that, as, because, thanks to, owing to，解釋說(shuō)明某一事物或事件，往往會(huì)蘊(yùn)含重要信息。如'since the lifetime of a planet like ours is severalbillion years, we can expect that……'該句是之后簡(jiǎn)答題'what is the life expectancy ofEarth'的答案信息來(lái)源，如果考生只定位Earth，那就很有可能失分，因?yàn)樵鋵?duì)Earth做了同義替換的表述，而since這個(gè)信號(hào)詞則提示了答案所在的地方。
2)表結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞
例如 thus, therefore, so, hence, consequently, as a result，這些詞往往是對(duì)前面所論述的總結(jié)歸納，例如'Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return'，該句出現(xiàn)在整篇文章的末段首句，很明顯是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)概括，高度濃縮了信息。最后的主旨選擇題，就是對(duì)該句的改寫：they have made thetransition from sea to land more than once。
3)表轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞
例如however, but, by comparison, nonetheless, nevertheless，這些詞往往表示文章觀點(diǎn)或方向的重大轉(zhuǎn)變，重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該關(guān)注信號(hào)詞后面的內(nèi)容。如this definition implies thaticonoclasts are different from other people, but more precisely, it is theirbrains that are different in three distinct ways，前半句指出iconoclasts異于常人，用but轉(zhuǎn)折詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)指出區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵地方。這也是選擇題iconoclasts are distinctivebecause… 的出題方向。
4)表讓步的信號(hào)詞
例如although, though, while, whereas, whilst等連接的句子，是引出的話題和強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容。 如Heaccurately predicted that Venus would cross the face of the Sun in both 1761 and1769——though he didn’t survive to see either，前半句講述他精確預(yù)測(cè)金星跨越太陽(yáng)的兩次時(shí)間，后半句用though引出讓步內(nèi)容，他沒(méi)有看到任何一次。判斷題中Halley observed onetransit of the planet Venus主要就是以原文定位句的后半句為判斷依據(jù)。
5)表舉例的信號(hào)詞
例如for example, for instance, that is to say, such as, include，后面引出具體事物的詳細(xì)例子，同時(shí)原文中破折號(hào)和冒號(hào)也有異曲同工之妙，對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。如in other worlds, the life form weare looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it willnevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, beinterested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, andperhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon andwater.’ 整句話都在解釋說(shuō)明該段的第二個(gè)假設(shè)'we are looking for a life form that is pretty welllike us'， 所舉的例子也是判斷題'SETI scientists are trying to find a life form thatresembles humans in many ways'的判斷依據(jù)。
6)表順序的信號(hào)詞
例如first, second, finally, eventually, later, then, next等，體現(xiàn)出文章內(nèi)容的邏輯性與發(fā)展性。如'In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientistsadopt two ground rules. First,…Second……'， 使用first和second這兩個(gè)序數(shù)詞，清晰邏輯地講述了兩個(gè)重要的假設(shè)。這兩個(gè)信號(hào)詞，也是這篇文章heading題型段落大意的重點(diǎn)提示。
7)表比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的信號(hào)詞
例如more, most, -est, best, better, exclusively, extremely, superior, preferable，表示事物之間的比較，也是文章要強(qiáng)調(diào)的地方。如'one part is a targeted search using theworld’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope'， 該句的theworld’s largest radio telescopes 對(duì)應(yīng)了題目中the world's most powerful radiotelescopes，答案信息就在這里。
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