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英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力B級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)題型
全國(guó)高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力考試是教育部批準(zhǔn)實(shí)施的面向高職高專層次全國(guó)性教學(xué)考試，本考試以《高職高專教育英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)基本要求》為依據(jù)，既測(cè)試語(yǔ)言知識(shí)也測(cè)試語(yǔ)言技能，既測(cè)試一般性語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容也測(cè)試與涉外業(yè)務(wù)有關(guān)的應(yīng)用性內(nèi)容。下面是小編收集整理的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力B級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)題型，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
新的高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力考試（B級(jí)）聽(tīng)力部分由四個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，主要題型有問(wèn)題，短對(duì)話，長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空�？忌胍樌ㄟ^(guò)考試，除了了解試題形式外，還需具有良好的心理素質(zhì)和扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功。下面筆者從不同題型的特點(diǎn)出發(fā)，對(duì)每一個(gè)題型做出詳盡的分析及解題技巧分析。
關(guān)鍵詞 聽(tīng)力 問(wèn)題 對(duì)話 聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空 能力
Analysis and Problem-solving Skills in English B-class Exam
Listening Section under the New Questions
WANG Zhen
�。―epartment of Applied Foreign Languages， Fuzhou Institute of Technology， Fuzhou， Fujian 350108）
Abstract New College English proficiency exam （grade B） Listening section consists of four parts， the main problem with the kinds of questions， a short dialogue， dialogue，， long dictation. Candidates want to pass the exam， in addition to understanding the questions in the form， but also need to have good psychological quality and solid basic language skills. Here the author departurefromthe characteristics of different kinds of questions， each one to make a detailed analysis of the kinds of questions and problem-solving skills analysis.
Key words listening; problem; dialogue; dictation; ability
在《高職高專英語(yǔ)課程基本要求》中強(qiáng)調(diào)，聽(tīng)力理解著重訓(xùn)練的是學(xué)生獲取語(yǔ)言信息的能力，不僅是聽(tīng)聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容的主旨大意，亦或是其中隱含的細(xì)節(jié)及深層含義，同時(shí)還要學(xué)習(xí)談話人的交際表達(dá)方式等等。B級(jí)考試就是理解聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容的能力以及分析問(wèn)題，回答問(wèn)題、把握細(xì)節(jié)的能力。聽(tīng)力材料的主要內(nèi)容是一些日常交際，稍微難一點(diǎn)的涉及某些專業(yè)知識(shí)的內(nèi)容，但往往不會(huì)影響學(xué)生的理解。該部分占總分的24%，答題時(shí)間為25分鐘，語(yǔ)速為每分鐘100詞。由于該部分在考試中的位置，學(xué)生要特別引起重視，以防不能很好地作答影響了后面的發(fā)揮。因此學(xué)生必須對(duì)其內(nèi)容涉及的方面，經(jīng)�？嫉念}型以及相關(guān)單詞及表達(dá)做充分的整理歸納。
該考試的聽(tīng)力理解題共由四部分構(gòu)成，即：Section？A 問(wèn)題（Question）、Section B短對(duì)話（Dialogue）、Section C 長(zhǎng)對(duì)話（longer conversation）、Section D 聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空（Spot Diction）。
1、問(wèn)題（Question）
根據(jù)幾年的實(shí)考題分析，這部分聽(tīng)力考試內(nèi)容主要包括：詢問(wèn)感受，時(shí)間，數(shù)字，愛(ài)好，健康，原因，問(wèn)候等交際問(wèn)題，故考生要熟悉下列常用句型：
�。�1）詢問(wèn)感受：How do you like...？
What do you think of...？
（2）問(wèn)時(shí)間，數(shù)字：What time is….？
How many /much ...？
What’s the date today？
What day is it today？
How long/When ...？
�。�3）詢問(wèn)健康：What’s the matter？
Are you all right？
What’s wrong with you？
�。�4）詢問(wèn)興趣愛(ài)好：What kind of ...do you like？
I like dancing.How about you？
（5）問(wèn)候的方式：How do you do？ How are you？
Good morning /afternoon/evening.
�。�6）詢問(wèn)原因：Why are you…？
2、短對(duì)話（Dialogue）
2.1 判斷題
判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料細(xì)節(jié)的把握，通常情況下是看看學(xué)生對(duì)對(duì)話中故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、目的、涉及到的人物的職業(yè)基本信息的把握情況，這種情況下，考生著重注意聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵詞，尤其是在讀到與題目相似的地方時(shí)，要更加仔細(xì)地把握細(xì)節(jié)。在勤加練習(xí)的同時(shí)，考生一定要熟悉職業(yè)等單詞，做到有備而戰(zhàn)。
2.2 邏輯推理
該題型除了考查考生的英語(yǔ)水平，還著重考查考生的推理能力。因此這是所有題型中難度最大的一類，涉及面較廣，提問(wèn)的形式也多種多樣，一般不會(huì)在選項(xiàng)中直接給出明顯的內(nèi)容，對(duì)話原文與字面答案要繞圈子，且要發(fā)生替換，而不會(huì)是原字原句，原封不動(dòng)地出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，所以要求考生在聽(tīng)到有關(guān)的內(nèi)容或信息后根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行綜合，歸納，最后作出選擇。
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)句形式：
What does the man/woman mean/imply？
What can you inferfromthe conversation？
What conclusion can we makefrom…？
What do we know about the man？
What does the man want the woman to？do？
2.3 建議及請(qǐng)求
該題型較簡(jiǎn)單，在聽(tīng)對(duì)話時(shí)，要把注意力放在建議，請(qǐng)求和提議方面，在對(duì)話中一般有明顯的信息詞，如Why not…？等，考生要善于捕捉，所回答的問(wèn)題應(yīng)注意是“接受”，“同意”，還是“拒絕 ”。
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)句形式：
What does the man/woman suggest ？
What’s the man’s/woman’s reply to the man？
2.4 數(shù)字，時(shí)間及計(jì)算
這類題的特點(diǎn)主要是每個(gè)問(wèn)題都與數(shù)字有關(guān)，英語(yǔ)中與數(shù)字有關(guān)的表達(dá)大致有以下幾種：數(shù)的讀法，日期年代的讀法，房間號(hào)及電話號(hào)碼的讀法，與價(jià)格有關(guān)的數(shù)字等。做該題型時(shí)要切記聽(tīng)清數(shù)字和它們之間的關(guān)系�？忌杏洸灰�(tīng)到什么數(shù)字就選什么數(shù)字，或不聽(tīng)問(wèn)題就選，一定要根據(jù)所問(wèn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行回答。
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)句形式有：How much/many …？
What time is…？
由于短對(duì)話的材料比較簡(jiǎn)短，考生往往會(huì)因?yàn)闆](méi)有來(lái)得及思考就錯(cuò)過(guò)了整個(gè)一個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以在聽(tīng)短對(duì)話的時(shí)候不僅要把握每個(gè)詞、每個(gè)短語(yǔ)、每個(gè)句子，還要把握說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)，這樣才能識(shí)別出對(duì)自己做題有利的信息。
3、長(zhǎng)對(duì)話（Longer conversation）
4、聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空（Spot Dictation）
聽(tīng)寫(xiě)材料長(zhǎng)度一般在120個(gè)詞左右，其中有5個(gè)空，每個(gè)空要求填寫(xiě)一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)。聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空是考查辨音，理解，記憶，表達(dá)等能力的綜合測(cè)試，所以在聽(tīng)寫(xiě)前要盡快閱讀書(shū)面信息，了解短文的主要內(nèi)容，做到心中有數(shù)。因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)中有許多同音異義詞，只有了解了文章的主要內(nèi)容，才能對(duì)這些同音異義詞作出正確判斷。短文念三遍，第一遍旨在讓學(xué)生把握文章的整體內(nèi)容。第二遍讓考生能夠填上所缺的詞或短語(yǔ)。在聽(tīng)完第二遍的時(shí)候，考生還要大概回想一下整篇短文的主要內(nèi)容，理清思路，以便在聽(tīng)第三遍的時(shí)候檢驗(yàn)自己的答案的正確性。第三遍主要是給考生重新檢查自己答案的機(jī)會(huì)。或者是利用這次機(jī)會(huì)完善自己的答案。在整個(gè)聽(tīng)力的過(guò)程中，學(xué)生要集中精力，耳到、心到、手到、眼到。
5、小結(jié)
練習(xí)聽(tīng)力是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程，除了多聽(tīng)以外，還要加強(qiáng)學(xué)生速寫(xiě)、短時(shí)記憶的練習(xí)。在注重真題的練習(xí)以外，還要不斷總結(jié)材料涉及的內(nèi)容，總結(jié)常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)、單詞及表達(dá)，只有腦海中有充足的準(zhǔn)備，才能在聽(tīng)到時(shí)及時(shí)反應(yīng)出來(lái)。所以，聽(tīng)力不是孤立存在的，聽(tīng)力的考查也不是孤立的，在考查聽(tīng)力的同時(shí)也考查了詞匯、語(yǔ)法以及其他的知識(shí)。練習(xí)聽(tīng)力貴在堅(jiān)持，尤其是在語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)中，堅(jiān)持顯得尤為重要。掌握題型是第一步，在掌握題型之后再做到心中有數(shù)，再進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的練習(xí)。
拓展內(nèi)容：英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力B級(jí)常用句子
1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，每年有4，000，000人死于與吸煙有關(guān)的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的調(diào)查顯示相當(dāng)多的孩子對(duì)家庭作業(yè)沒(méi)什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)發(fā)明像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣同時(shí)受到如此多的贊揚(yáng)和批評(píng)。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人們似乎忽視了教育不應(yīng)該隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束這一事實(shí)。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始意識(shí)到教育不能隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
說(shuō)到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是一個(gè)終生的學(xué)習(xí)。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.
許多專家指出體育鍛煉直接有助于身體健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful
effects of international tourism.
應(yīng)該采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┫拗仆鈬?guó)旅游者的數(shù)量，努力保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史不受國(guó)際旅游業(yè)的不利影響。
9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越來(lái)越多的專家相信移民對(duì)城市的建設(shè)起到積極作用。然而，越來(lái)越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說(shuō)法，他們抱怨民工給城市帶來(lái)了許多嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，像犯罪和賣淫。
10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
許多市民抱怨城市的公交車太少，以至于他們要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等一輛公交車，而車上可能已滿載乘客。
11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
無(wú)可否認(rèn)，空氣污染是一個(gè)極其嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題：城市當(dāng)局應(yīng)該采取有力措施來(lái)解決它。
12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示婦女歡迎退休。
13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
一份適當(dāng)?shù)臉I(yè)余工作并不會(huì)占用學(xué)生太多的時(shí)間，事實(shí)上，把全部的時(shí)間都用到學(xué)習(xí)上并不健康，正如那句老話：只工作，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會(huì)變傻。
14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽視這一點(diǎn)都將付出巨大的代價(jià)。
15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
當(dāng)前，一提到即將開(kāi)始的學(xué)校生活，許多學(xué)生都會(huì)興高采烈。然而，對(duì)多數(shù)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，校園剛開(kāi)始的日子并不是什么愉快的經(jīng)歷。
16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考慮到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，在事態(tài)進(jìn)一步惡化之前，必須采取有效的措施。
17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分學(xué)生相信業(yè)余工作會(huì)使他們有更多機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展人際交往能力，而這對(duì)他們未來(lái)找工作是非常有好處的。
18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯，現(xiàn)在有成千上萬(wàn)的人仍過(guò)著挨餓受凍的痛苦生活。
19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
盡管這一觀點(diǎn)被廣泛接受，很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點(diǎn)、任何年齡進(jìn)行。
20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.
沒(méi)有人能否認(rèn)：教育是人生最重要的一方面。
21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人們把會(huì)使用計(jì)算機(jī)與人生成功相提并論。
22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在過(guò)去的幾十年，先進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)已經(jīng)使得人們比過(guò)去活的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)成為可能。
23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
事實(shí)上，我們必須承認(rèn)生命的質(zhì)量和生命本身一樣重要。
24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我們應(yīng)該不遺余力地美化我們的環(huán)境。
25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
人們相信擁有計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)可以獲得更多工作或提升的機(jī)會(huì)。
26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.
從這幾年我搜集的信息來(lái)看，這些知識(shí)并沒(méi)有人們想象的那么有用。
27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
現(xiàn)在，人們普遍認(rèn)為沒(méi)有一所大學(xué)能夠在畢業(yè)時(shí)候教給學(xué)生所有的知識(shí)。
28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.
這是一個(gè)關(guān)系到生死的問(wèn)題，任何國(guó)家都不能忽視。
29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
我同意后者，有如下理由：
30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
在給出我的觀點(diǎn)之前，我想看看雙方的觀點(diǎn)是重要的。
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