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劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)BEC高級(jí)閱讀輔導(dǎo)材料
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世行報(bào)告：中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模“縮水”40%
世界銀行(World Bank)本周公布的最新估計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)和印度的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模比原來(lái)設(shè)想的低40%。
The economies of China and India are 40 per cent smaller than previously thought, according to new estimates published by the World Bank this week.
對(duì)146個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體美元購(gòu)買力的排名，是按照1000種商品和服務(wù)的價(jià)格計(jì)算的。世界銀行表示，這是“迄今為止在衡量各國(guó)購(gòu)買力平價(jià)方面做出的最廣泛、最徹底的努力�！�
The ranking of 146 economies by buying power in US dollars was based on the prices of 1,000 goods and services in what the World Bank described as “the most extensive and thorough effort ever to measure purchasing power parity across countries”.
購(gòu)買力平價(jià)(PPP)——而非市場(chǎng)匯率——被視為衡量相對(duì)生活成本的更好尺度，因?yàn)樗暮饬炕A(chǔ)是各個(gè)家庭用本國(guó)貨幣所能購(gòu)買的商品和服務(wù)。
PPP, rather than market exchange rates, is regarded as a better measure of the relative cost of living, since it is based on goods and services households can buy with their domestic currency.
最新PPP估計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)人的財(cái)富減少了40%，占世界總產(chǎn)出的近10%。研究顯示，中國(guó)仍是全球第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，但其人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)只有美國(guó)的9.8%。
The new PPP estimates show a 40 per cent drop in the wealth of the Chinese people, accounting for nearly 10 per cent of world output. China remains the world’s second-largest economy but, in terms of per capita gross domestic product, it is only 9.8 per cent of the size of the US, according to the research.
世界銀行行長(zhǎng)羅伯特?佐利克(Robert Zoellick)表示，他不會(huì)就最新估計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)“做出任何政策結(jié)論”。按最新數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)生活在世界銀行設(shè)定的每日1美元貧困線下的人口增加了幾億人。
Robert Zoellick, the World Bank’s preseident said he was “not drawing any policy conclusions” about the new estimates, which suggest that there are hundreds of millions more Chinese living on the World’s Bank’s poverty line of less than $1 a day.
佐利克表示：“在依據(jù)這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)做出結(jié)論時(shí)，我們必須小心謹(jǐn)慎。”但他補(bǔ)充道，這些數(shù)據(jù)“可以幫助中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人完善其開(kāi)發(fā)工作”。 ”We must be careful about drawing conclusions about poverty from these statistics”, he said but added that the figures ”could help Chinese leaders refine their development work.”
不過(guò)，如果中國(guó)沒(méi)有以前預(yù)想的那樣富有，這可能意味著，那些將中國(guó)視為政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)威脅的美國(guó)政策制定者可以放松了。
Nevertheless, if China is less wealthy than previously thought, it could mean that those US policymakers who regard it as a political and economic threat, can relax.
例如，美國(guó)政府問(wèn)責(zé)局(US Government Accountability Office)今年曾利用舊的估算數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)告稱，按照購(gòu)買力平價(jià)計(jì)算的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模最早可能在2012年就會(huì)超過(guò)美國(guó)。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模的調(diào)整數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)的軍事或經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力還要過(guò)很多年才能與美國(guó)匹敵。
For example, the US Government Accountability Office using the old estimates, reported this year that China’s economy in PPP terms would be larger than the US by 2012. The recalibration of China’s economy suggests it will be many more years yet before China can rival the US in military or economic terms.
世界銀行表示，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模的收縮，是因?yàn)檫^(guò)去根據(jù)可靠度較低數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行的估算，夸大了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模。這是中國(guó)首次參與世界銀行的國(guó)際比較計(jì)劃(International Comparison Program)，也是印度自1985年以來(lái)首次參與這一計(jì)劃。
The World Bank said the shrinking of China’s economy was due to exaggerated estimates based on less reliable data in the past. It was the first time that China had participated in the World Bank’s International Comparison Program and the first time since 1985 that India had participated.
世界銀行統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，印度的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模也縮減了40%，為全球第四大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，占世界產(chǎn)出的4%。
India’s economy also shrank by 40 per cent, according to the the tables, which ranked it the world’s fourth largest economy, accounting for 4 per cent of output.
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