2016年托福閱讀備考練習(xí)素材

　　以下兩篇2016年托�？荚囬喿x材料提供給各位考生，希望幫助你們備考。

　　素材一：了解我們的頭發(fā)

　　A human hair consists mainly of a protein called Keratin. It also contains some moisture and the trace metals and minerals found in the rest of the body.

　　人類的頭發(fā)主要由一種叫角朊的蛋白質(zhì)組成，并含有水分及在身體其他部分也可找到的微量金屬和礦物質(zhì)。

　　● The only living part of hair is underneath the scalp--when the hair had grown through the scalp it is dead tissue.

　　頭發(fā)唯一有生命的部分是在頭皮下面，當(dāng)它長出頭皮時便成為無生命組織。

　　● Hair’s natural shine is supplied by its own conditioner, sebum, an oil composed of waxes and fats and also containing a natural antiseptic that helps fight infection. Too much sebum results in greasy hair and conversely, too little sebum makes dry hair.

　　頭發(fā)的自然光澤來自它自身的護(hù)發(fā)素：油脂，它含有蠟和脂肪，還含有抗感染的自然抗菌劑。油脂含量過多會導(dǎo)致油性發(fā)質(zhì)，相反，油脂含量過少則會導(dǎo)致干性發(fā)質(zhì)。

　　● Hair grows about 12 mm per month. If a person never has his hair cut, it would grow to a length of about 108 cm before falling out. Hair grows faster in the summer and during sleep. A single strand lives for up to seven years.

　　頭發(fā)每個月可長12毫米，如果一個人從不剪發(fā)，頭發(fā)會長至108厘米才開始脫落。在夏天和睡覺的時候頭發(fā)生長得較快。一根頭發(fā)的壽命可長達(dá)7年。

　　● Healthy hair is highly elastic and can stretch 20 or 30 per cent before snapping. A human hair is stronger than copper wire of the same thickness. A combined strength of a headful of human hair is capable of supporting a weight equivalent to that of 99 people.

　　健康的頭發(fā)非常富有彈性，可拉長20%或30%而不斷。一根頭發(fā)比同等粗細(xì)的銅絲還要結(jié)實。滿頭頭發(fā)合在一起的力量可經(jīng)得起99個人的重量。

　　● Scandinavians normally have thin, straight, baby-fine hair, and mid Europeans hair that is neither too fine nor too coarse. People native to the Indian subcontinent have coarse textured tresses while Middle Eastern populations have strong hair. The hair of Chinese and Japanese people is very straight; that of Latin-speaking and North African peoples can be very frizzy and thick.

　　斯堪的納維亞人的頭發(fā)又細(xì)又直，像嬰兒的頭發(fā)一樣;中部歐洲人的頭發(fā)不細(xì)不粗;印度次大陸人的頭發(fā)粗且打綹;中東人的頭發(fā)都很結(jié)實;中國人和日本人的頭發(fā)非常直順;而拉丁語國家及北非地區(qū)的人頭發(fā)卷曲而濃密。

　　Notes:

　　scalp [skælp] n. 頭皮;戰(zhàn)利品

　　conditioner: 護(hù)發(fā)素

　　antiseptic [,ænti’septik] adj. 防腐的，抗菌的;非常整潔的n. 防腐劑，抗菌劑

　　copper wire : 銅線

　　Scandinavian [,skændi’neiviən; -vjən] n. 斯堪的納維亞人

　　coarse texture粗結(jié)構(gòu)

　　素材二：如何在冬天快樂起床

　　The slower you build up energy in the morning, the more painful waking up will be. What's better, spending thirty minutes wrestling with the snooze button followed by an hour ramp up to normal mental functioning or quickly starting the day with energy?

　　Here are a few things to reduce the transition period from being asleep to becoming fully alert. Not only does speeding up this wake-up process save time, it makes waking up less of a struggle.

　　1. Light

　　Your body's natural clock is tuned to the amount of light. Turn on all the lights in your room right after waking up. Getting bright lights can help trick your body into thinking it is time to get out of bed.

　　2. Exercise

　　Put something physical right at the start of your morning. In the summer, I did a quick morning run and found it helpful in shaking off any sleepiness. Considering the outside temperature hovers around -30 C, I've stuck to doing a few pushups in my room. The exercise gets your heart pumping and snaps you out of a groggy state.

　　3. The 10-Minute Rule

　　If you want to stick with a consistent wake-up time, practice the ten-minute rule. This means you commit to staying awake for at least the next ten minutes. Once you get over that initial period, the temptation to go back to bed is usually gone.

　　4. Active Work

　　Start your day with work that actively uses your mind. Creative activities like writing, drawing, programming or designing work better than passive activities like reading. By focusing your mind early you can stay focused and brush off any unwanted drowsiness.

　　5. Don't Skip Breakfast

　　Wake up early enough to get something to eat. Skipping meals throw your metabolism out of balance, causing you to gain fat and lose energy. Skipping breakfast also means your blood sugar will be low in the morning and energy levels down.

　　6. Commit to a Sleep

　　Schedule The obvious solution to combat sleepiness is to get more rest at night. Carrying a sleep debt throughout the week with the hopes of paying it off on the weekend is a bad strategy. Instead, compress your work into the morning hours so you can get the 6-8 hours you need each night.

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