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2017職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工A》完形填空專(zhuān)項(xiàng)試題
完形填空題
What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃ which__________(1) in Antarctica in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in__________ (2).
Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120——C to -120——C. The temperature depends upon __________(3) you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -1200C is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space __________(4) that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar __________(5).
Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210——C. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your __________(6). We are taught it is supposedly__________ (7) to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is-273"C, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas temperature barely __________(8) absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work -- not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting__________(9) about particles we now call photons. Bose had trouble__________(10) other scientists to believe__________(11)he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein's calculations helped him theorize__________(12) behave as Bose thought--but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that__________ (13) atoms can help them make the world's atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second__________ (14) six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time (d--vxt). With the long distances involved in space __________(15) to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.
1.A. opened
B. occurred
C. opposed
D. operated
2.A. Earth
B. space
C. planet
D. star
3.A. whether
B. where
C. what
D. when
4.A. foods
B. beds
C. tools
D. suits
5.A. wind
B. energy
C. system
D. rays
6.A. education
B. status
C. knowledge
D. location
7.A. reasonable
B. wonderful
C. impossible
D. necessary
8.A. above
B. below
C. within
D. beyond
9.A. invention
B. theory
C. paper
D. experiment
10. A. convincing
B. begging
C. ordering
D. forcing
11. A. and
B. though
C. but
D. so
12. A. will
B. would
C. must
D. can
13. A. ultra-small
B. ultra-fast
C. ultra-hot
D. ultra-cold
14. A. any
B. each
C. every
D. some
15. A. travel
B. research
C. walk
D. station
參考答案
1.B。本段敘述地球上記錄到的最低溫度是-91℃，本段最后一句的后半句顯然是交代這一最低溫度是在南極洲出現(xiàn)的。所以，occurred(發(fā)生，出現(xiàn))是正確的選擇。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞義與上下文意思相去甚遠(yuǎn)。
2.B。通觀本段，內(nèi)容是敘述宇宙空間的溫度。選項(xiàng)B的space是“宇宙空間”的意思，所以是答案。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)earth意為“地球”，planet意為“行星”，star意為“恒星”，這三個(gè)答案選項(xiàng)在詞義上都不合適。
3.A。上下文的意思是：地球軌道上的溫度是介乎+120℃至-120℃之間。溫度的變化取決于是向陽(yáng)還是背陽(yáng)。whether意為“是否”，故為本題答案。
4.D。上文說(shuō)-120℃是宇航員無(wú)法忍受的溫度，下文說(shuō)美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局生產(chǎn)某種裝置來(lái)protect astronauts from these temperature extremes(保護(hù)宇航員不受極端溫度的侵害)。很明顯，這種裝置就是space suits，意為“太空服”。
5.c�，F(xiàn)在討論的內(nèi)容是有關(guān)太陽(yáng)系宇宙空間的溫度。本段第二句說(shuō)到太陽(yáng)對(duì)溫度的影響：靠近太陽(yáng)的溫度高一些，遠(yuǎn)離太陽(yáng)的溫度就低一些。所以本題要選system。
6.D。整個(gè)宇宙空間的溫度是多少度呢?溫度的高低取決于哪個(gè)因素呢?從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分析：溫度不會(huì)取決于你的education(教育)，你的status(地位)或你的knowledge(知識(shí))，因?yàn)檫@不合乎邏輯。只有選location(位置)才符合上下文的意思。
7.C�？茖W(xué)常識(shí)告訴我們，絕對(duì)零度是宇宙中的最低溫度。故impossible為答案。
8.A。本段前面的句子說(shuō)到最低溫度不會(huì)低于.273℃，所以，below，within，beyond都有悖于上述論述。只有above(高于)才與上文的意思相符。
9.B。本段第二句說(shuō)，Bose沒(méi)有辦法使其他的科學(xué)家believe his theory，所以第一句的studying an interestin9之后缺失的詞應(yīng)該是“theory”。
10.A。Bose一籌莫展，只好求助于愛(ài)因斯坦，后者通過(guò)計(jì)算證實(shí)了Bose的理論。本題選convincing(說(shuō)服)最恰當(dāng)。0rdering(命令)或forcing(強(qiáng)迫)都不合邏輯。begging(懇求)也太低三下四了，也不符合語(yǔ)境。
1 1.D。本段的第二句的前半句與后半句是因果關(guān)系，連詞要選so。
12.B。本句的主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是過(guò)去時(shí)helped，根據(jù)“主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)”這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則，故本題要選would。
13.D。Comell and Wieman榮獲諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)，是因?yàn)樗麄兂晒Φ貙怏w的溫度降到接近絕對(duì)零度。本文最后兩段以實(shí)際例子說(shuō)明他們的成就推動(dòng)了科學(xué)的發(fā)展。因此，ultra。small, ultra-fast和ultra.hot都與Cornell and Wieman的研究無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)，不會(huì)是答案。只有ultra-cold才是合乎邏輯的選項(xiàng)。
1 4.C。從句子“These clocks are SO accurate today they would only lose one secondsix million”推斷，原子鐘如此精確，每隔600萬(wàn)年才慢l秒。“每隔”的英語(yǔ)用詞是every。
15.A。從地球飛向其他星球的宇宙航程很長(zhǎng)，計(jì)時(shí)越精確，測(cè)算宇宙飛行器的即時(shí)距離就越精確。本段講的是精確計(jì)時(shí)對(duì)宇宙航行的重要性。所以，選travel是正確的。本題不能選walk，因?yàn)閟pace walk是“太空行走”，指的是宇航員離開(kāi)飛船在宇宙空間中活動(dòng)，與space travel是兩個(gè)不同的概念。
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