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2017年職稱英語(yǔ)《衛(wèi)生B》完型填空試題與答案

　　完形填空

2017年職稱英語(yǔ)《衛(wèi)生B》完型填空試題與答案

　　part A

　　Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens

　　While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate” against the blues, scientists atthe University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking mayactually 1 depressive symptoms in some teens.

　　"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived2benefits ofsmoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the OntarioTobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. " 3 cigarettes may appear to haveself-medicating4or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started tosmoke reported higher depressive symptoms."

　　As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires5theiruse of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French andEnglish participants, urban and rural schools, and schools 6 in high, moderate and lowsocio-economic neighbourhoods.

　　Participants were divided into three7: never smokers: smokers who did not use cigarettesto self-medicate, improve mood or physical8 ; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.

　　Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had9going to sleep or staying 10; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about thefuture; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.

　　"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood 11 had higher risks of elevated depressivesymptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin, a professorat the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study foundthat teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of12depressive symptoms."

　　The 13 between depression and smoking exists 14among teens that use cigarettesto feel better. "It's 15 to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher amongteenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr.Chaiton.

　　1. A. examine

　　B. increase

　　C. decrease

　　D. diagnose

　　2. A. social

　　B. financial

　　C. emotional

　　D. political

　　3. A. Whatever

　　B. Although

　　C. Whenever

　　D. what

　　4. A. effects

　　B. methods

　　C. steps

　　D. directions

　　5. A. beside

　　B. beyond

　　C. in

　　D. about

　　6. A. exposed

　　B. expanded

　　C. located

　　D. detected

　　7. A. groups

　　B. sets

　　C. species

　　D. versions

　　8. A. world

　　B. activity

　　C. state

　　D. beauty

　　9. A. time

　　B. courage

　　C. energy

　　D. trouble

　　10. A. asleep

　　B. awake

　　C. still

　　D. silent

　　11. A. reducers

　　B. improvers

　　C. creators

　　D. removers

　　12. A. changing

　　B. identifying

　　C. developing

　　D. overcoming

　　13. A. difference

　　B. association

　　C. cooperation

　　D. agreement

　　14. A. occasionally

　　B. scarcely

　　C. probably

　　D. principally

　　15. A. illogical

　　B. unscientific

　　C. meaningless

　　D. important

　　part B

　　Talking to Kids about SARS (非典)

　　School age children may be learning about SARS from adults and the media, but may notknow what to make of the situation, says a national health charity. The Lung Association saysparents should take time to talk to their 1 and explain the facts about SARS and how to avoidthe illness.

　　The following is based on recommendations 2Thursday by the Lung Association:

　　Ask your children if they have heard 3SARS at school, from friends, from TV,etc.Finding out what they already know can be a good 4 to start the conversation and to clearaway any wrong ideas they might have about the illness and how it is spread.

　　School age children are usually old 5 to understand concepts such as getting sick from germs ( 細(xì)菌 ) and how to avoid illness. A simple reminder ( 提示) 6 to cough on people and to wash their hands, often may be sufficient for younger kids. All children shouldbe shown how to 7 their hands properly. Remember to keep it simple so 8 not tooverwhelm children with information, but answer them truthfully. Kids can tell when you arenot being honest or if you're hiding something, and sometimes the unknown can be more frightening hag ( 女巫 ) than the 9. Parents with anxious children will know 10 their kids will handle information on SARS and can tailor their discussion accordingly.

　　One way to explain the illness is to the children that SARS is like a bad breathingproblem. It is 11 from a cold, but people can catch it in the same ways -- such as coughingon someone, not washing your hands or sharing a glass with a sick person.

　　Describe how SARS is spread, but mention that the chance of12 SARS is small.

　　There is no reason to tell children people are dying of SARS 13they ask. Never use the threatof death as a way to remind kids to wash their hands.

　　Children should be 14to trust their parents and other caregivers. Explain that manysmart people, 15 doctors and scientists, are working on the problem and looking out foreveryone's health.

　　1. A. families

　　B. children

　　C. friends

　　D. doctors

　　2. A. released

　　B. held

　　C. secured

　　D. regarded

　　3. A. with

　　B. from

　　C. about

　　D. on

　　4. A. way

　　B. pat

　　C. pass

　　D. wheel

　　5. A. already

　　B. yet

　　C. enough

　　D. somewhat

　　6. A. not

　　B. neither

　　C. nor

　　D. no

　　7. A. hold

　　B. put

　　C. shake

　　D. wash

　　8. A. as

　　B. since

　　C. that

　　D. far

　　9. A. story

　　B. information

　　C. truth

　　D. fear

　　10. A. why

　　B. how

　　C. truth

　　D. what

　　11. A. worse

　　B. different

　　C. separated

　　D. similar

　　12. A. curing

　　B. fighting

　　C. knowing

　　D. getting

　　13. A. unless

　　B. since

　　C. after

　　D. while

　　14. A. called

　　B. encouraged

　　C. supported

　　D. warned

　　15. A. as

　　B. except

　　C. like

　　D. despite

　　答案與解析

　　part A

　　1.B。本文重點(diǎn)介紹借抽煙緩解抑郁情緒的青少年到后來(lái)他們的depressive symptoms(抑郁癥狀)反而加重了。第二、五、六段都明確提到了這一點(diǎn)。所以B(increase)是答案。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞義與上下文不符。

　　2.C。抽煙緩解抑郁是一種情緒上(emotional)的得益，不會(huì)是social(社會(huì)上的)、financial(經(jīng)濟(jì)上的)或political(政治上的)得益。所以答案是C。

　　3.B�？崭袼诘木渥与m然缺詞，但意思還是清楚的，前半句的意思與后半句的意思是相反的。前半句說(shuō)香煙看上去有助于改善心情，后半句說(shuō)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度看，depressive symptoms的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)反而會(huì)增加。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)B的although能將前半句和后半句連接起來(lái)，并有“讓步”的意思。

　　4.A。句中的or是“即”的意思，也就是說(shuō)，to have self-medicating加上填入的詞后的意思相當(dāng)于to improve mood。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)A的effects(效果)是填入空格的最合適的詞。to improve mood是自我治療的效果。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)methods，steps，directions與self-medicating連用，意思分別為“自我治療的方法”“自我治療的步驟”“自我治療的指導(dǎo)”，均與句子的意思不符。

　　5.D。本題要填入的詞是介詞。通過(guò)分析可知，their use of cigarettes to affect mood應(yīng)該是questionnaire(問卷)所要了解的內(nèi)容。所以，about是正確的選項(xiàng)。

　　6.C。科學(xué)家在選擇問卷對(duì)象時(shí)注意了代表性，入選的青少年既有講法語(yǔ)的，也有講英語(yǔ)的，他們就讀的學(xué)校有城市的，也有農(nóng)村的。接下來(lái)的問題是：在schools，in high和moderate and low socio e.conomic neighbourhoods(高檔社區(qū)、中檔社區(qū)，低檔社區(qū))之間選哪個(gè)詞才符合上下文的意思呢?很明顯，這些學(xué)校有位于高檔社區(qū)的，也有位于中檔和低檔社區(qū)的。所以located是答案。

　　7.A。本句的意思很明顯，問卷的參與者被分成三組或三類。groups是正確的選擇。再看其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)：three sets意為“三套”，three species意為“三個(gè)物種”，three versions意為“三個(gè)版本”，沒有一個(gè)是合適的。

　　8.C�？茖W(xué)家將參與者分成三組，其中一組的參與者不采用吸煙作為自我調(diào)節(jié)情緒的手段。填入的詞應(yīng)與情緒、身體等有關(guān)。若選A、B、D三項(xiàng)，組成的詞組分別是physical world(物質(zhì)世界)、physical activity(體育活動(dòng))、physical beauty(形態(tài)美)，均與上文的意思銜接不上，所以A、B、D不會(huì)是答案。由C項(xiàng)state組成的詞組physical state(身體狀況)與上文的意思連貫。因此C是答案。

　　9.D。本段介紹了問卷包含的問題。作者羅列的問題都是負(fù)面的，如乏力、失眠、煩躁等。所以填入空格的詞也應(yīng)該是負(fù)面的。trouble符合這個(gè)要求，是本題的答案。

　　10.A。第9題選了trouble，空格所在的句子是“…had trouble going to sleep or staying”。or是“即”的意思，也就是說(shuō)，had trouble going to sleep意思上就相當(dāng)于“staying”。根據(jù)這一判斷，填入空格的詞非awake莫屬。

　　11.B。第一段和第二段都說(shuō)到，抽煙緩解抑郁心情最終導(dǎo)致更抑郁。本句“Smokers who used cigarettes as mood had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked”表達(dá)的是同樣的意思。文章第二段和第三段都出現(xiàn)improve mood，所以，mood后面要填入的詞應(yīng)該是improvers，即選項(xiàng)B。而A、C、D的意義均不符合上下文。

　　12.C。本句又重復(fù)了上題所表達(dá)的意思。只有developing的意義才符合上下文，因此C是答案。

　　13.B。從上下文判斷，本句指的是depression和smoking之間的聯(lián)系，不會(huì)是它們之間的差異(difference)、合作(cooperation)或一致性(agreement)。association的詞義是“聯(lián)系”，所以是答案。

　　14.D。調(diào)查的對(duì)象是青少年，所以不可能是occasionally(偶爾)、scarcely(幾乎不)或probably(很可能)在青少年之中，而是principally(主要)在青少年之中。

　　1 5.D。從通篇文章判斷，“to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke”是做這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的發(fā)現(xiàn)和結(jié)論，作者說(shuō)出這一點(diǎn)，只會(huì)認(rèn)為很重要(important)，不會(huì)認(rèn)為不合乎邏輯(illogical)、不科學(xué)(unscientific)或沒有意義(meaningless)。所以，important是答案。

　　part B

　　1.B。本題考查句意。從上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，根據(jù)句子中的parent(父母)，能推斷空格處應(yīng)填“孩子”。

　　2.A。本題考查句意。從上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，空格處應(yīng)填release(頒布)。

　　3.C。本題考查固定短語(yǔ)，hearof/about(聽說(shuō)過(guò)某事)。

　　4.A。本題考查習(xí)慣搭配，表達(dá)“做某事的方式應(yīng)用”a way to do sth.。

　　5.C。本題考查上下文語(yǔ)義。從上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，上學(xué)的孩子的年齡已經(jīng)足夠大，可以理解一些概念，所以用old enough to do sth.。

　　6.A。本題考查上下文語(yǔ)義。從上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，一個(gè)對(duì)著人咳嗽和經(jīng)常洗手的簡(jiǎn)單提示對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)就足夠了。顯然不要對(duì)著人咳嗽。

　　7.D。本題考查上下文語(yǔ)義。前一句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)wash their hands這一短語(yǔ)，因此，答案不難選擇。

　　8.A。本題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。so as(not)to以便(不)……。

　　9.C。本題考查上下文語(yǔ)義。從上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，than前后形成對(duì)比，所以空格處應(yīng)填unknown一詞的反義詞truth。

　　10.B。本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，從上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，此處要表達(dá)的是“如

　　何”處理有關(guān)非典的信息，英語(yǔ)用how。