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2017年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)完形填空中英對(duì)譯
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Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
譯文：
找到速效治療劑可以更好控制結(jié)核病
世界衛(wèi)生組織估計(jì)全球有大約三分之一的人感染了導(dǎo)致結(jié)核病的病菌。大多數(shù)時(shí)候，這種感染是不活躍的。但是每年大約有八百萬(wàn)結(jié)核病病例，通常是在肺部。兩百萬(wàn)人因此喪命。結(jié)核病發(fā)病率由于艾滋病的傳播和抗藥型結(jié)核病的出現(xiàn)而增加。
目前的治療至少需要六個(gè)月。患病者不得不每日服用多種抗生素藥品。許多人在稍感舒適后就停止使用藥品，這么做可能導(dǎo)致抗藥性感染。公共衛(wèi)生專家一致認(rèn)為針對(duì)結(jié)核病的速效治療劑將會(huì)更加有效果。現(xiàn)在有一項(xiàng)研究評(píng)估這種速效治療劑究竟效力有多大。這項(xiàng)研究由美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)國(guó)際衛(wèi)生方面的教授率領(lǐng)。Joshua Salomon說(shuō)，療程較短的治療計(jì)劃可能不僅僅意味著更多病人被治好，也意味著將感染傳給別人的病人會(huì)更少。
研究者們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)模型來(lái)檢測(cè)兩個(gè)月治療計(jì)劃的效果。他們以東南亞目前的結(jié)核病情況來(lái)檢驗(yàn)這個(gè)模型�？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)月的治療可以防止大約20%的新病例，也可能防止大約25%因結(jié)核病引起的死亡。這個(gè)模型表明，如果速效治療劑可以在2012年前研發(fā)出來(lái)并大規(guī)模使用的話，減少結(jié)核病例在2012年到2030年間就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
世界衛(wèi)生組織在1990年制定了DOTS計(jì)劃，DOTS意指短期直接觀察治療。衛(wèi)生工作者監(jiān)督結(jié)核病人每天服藥，以確信他們繼續(xù)治療。
今年年初，一個(gè)國(guó)際組織同盟宣布了一項(xiàng)擴(kuò)大DOTS的計(jì)劃。這個(gè)十年計(jì)劃也旨在資助新結(jié)核藥品的研究。現(xiàn)在四種最常用的藥品也有四十多年的歷史了。全球結(jié)核病藥物開(kāi)發(fā)聯(lián)盟宣稱它的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)是找到一種治療方法，可以通過(guò)十次劑量就效果。
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