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2017年中考英語語法詳解:代詞
代詞是代替名詞或一句話的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。以下是百分網(wǎng)小編搜索整理的關(guān)于2017年中考英語語法詳解:代詞，供參考學(xué)習(xí)，希望對大家有所幫助!想了解更多相關(guān)信息請持續(xù)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
一、 代詞概述
代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。
二、代詞分類
英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用主要分為：人稱代詞、物主
代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞。
1、 人稱代詞及其用法
1)人稱代詞主格和賓格
|
人稱 |
單、復(fù)數(shù) |
主格 |
賓格 |
|
第一人稱 |
單數(shù) |
I |
me |
|
復(fù)數(shù) |
we |
us |
|
|
第二人稱 |
單數(shù) |
you |
you |
|
復(fù)數(shù) |
you |
you |
|
|
第三人稱
|
單數(shù)
|
he |
him |
|
she |
her |
||
|
it |
it |
||
|
復(fù)數(shù) |
they |
them |
2) 人稱代詞的用法
�、� 人稱代詞主格在句子中擔(dān)任主語。
例如：She likes watching movies.她喜歡看電影。
They have been to America twice..他們到過美國兩次。
�、� 人稱代詞賓格在句子中擔(dān)任動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。
例如： We listen to them and they help us.我們聽他們，他們幫我們。
---Who is knocking at the door? --It’s me.—誰在敲門?—是我。
2、 物主代詞及其用法
1)形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞
|
人稱 |
單、復(fù)數(shù) |
形容詞性 |
名詞性 |
詞義 |
|
第一人稱 |
單數(shù) |
my |
mine |
我的 |
|
復(fù)數(shù) |
our |
ours |
我們的 |
|
|
第二人稱 |
單數(shù) |
your |
yours |
你的 |
|
復(fù)數(shù) |
your |
yours |
你們的 |
|
|
第三人稱 |
單數(shù) |
his |
his |
他的 |
|
her |
hers |
她的 |
||
|
its |
its |
它的 |
||
|
復(fù)數(shù) |
their |
theirs |
他們的 |
2)物主代詞的用法
�、� 形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，在句子中擔(dān)任定語修飾名詞，一般不單獨(dú)使用。
例如：This is my book. Your book is over there.這是我的書。你的書在那里。
They are our new friends.他們是我們的新朋友。
②名詞性物主代詞語法上相當(dāng)于名詞，意義上相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，經(jīng)常用其來避免和前面提到的名詞重復(fù)。
例如：This is my dictionary. Where is yours (=your dictionary)?這是我的詞典。你的(詞典)在哪里?
My idea is just the same as his(=his idea).我的想法正如他的(想法)。
3、反身代詞及其用法
1)反身代詞的構(gòu)成
|
人稱 |
單、復(fù)數(shù) |
詞形 |
詞義 |
|
第一人稱 |
單數(shù) |
myself |
我自己 |
|
復(fù)數(shù) |
ourselves |
我們自己 |
|
|
第二人稱 |
單數(shù) |
yourself |
你自己 |
|
復(fù)數(shù) |
yourselves |
你們自己 |
|
|
第三人稱 |
單數(shù) |
himself |
他自己 |
|
herself |
她自己 |
||
|
itself |
它自己 |
||
|
復(fù)數(shù) |
themselves |
他們自己 |
2)反身代詞的用法
�、� 反身代詞在句子中擔(dān)任動詞賓語或介詞賓語。
例如：The boy is too young to look after himself.這男孩太小了無法照顧自己。
They did the job all by themselves.這件工作他們完全是自己做的。
�、� 反身代詞常用詞組
例如：teach oneself自學(xué) learn by oneself自學(xué) enjoy oneself玩得愉快
hurt oneself傷了自己 help oneself to自便 come to oneself蘇醒
by oneself單獨(dú);親自
4、 指示代詞及其用法
1) 指示代詞：單數(shù)this(這)、 that(那);復(fù)數(shù)these(這些), those(那些)
2) 指示代詞的用法
�、� this/these用于指代近距離的人或事物。
例如：This is my friend and these are his new books.這是我的`朋友。這些是
他的新書。
�、� that/those用于指代遠(yuǎn)距離的人或事物。
例如：Look!That girl in red is Kate.瞧!那個穿紅衣服的女孩是凱特。
�、� 打電話時用this介紹自己，用that詢問對方。
例如：This is Mar speaking. Is that Mrs Jones?我是瑪麗，您是瓊斯夫人嗎?
5、 不定代詞及其用法
不定代詞是比較復(fù)雜的一類代詞，在詞形上有簡單的不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞兩種形式，分別列表如下。
1) 表一：初中階段常見的簡單的不定代詞
|
不定代詞 |
常用詞義 |
|
some，any |
一些（人或物）；任何（人或物） |
|
many，much |
許多（人或物） |
|
few，little |
幾乎沒有（人或物） |
|
a few，a little |
有少數(shù)或少量（人或物） |
|
both |
兩者都 |
|
all |
三者及以上都 |
|
either |
兩者之一；或者……或者 |
|
neither |
兩者都不 |
|
none |
三者及以上都不 |
|
another |
三者以上中的任意一個 |
|
one |
一個 |
|
other，others |
其他的（泛指） |
|
the other，the others |
其他的（特指） |
表二：復(fù)合不定代詞
|
|
one |
body |
thing |
|
some |
someone某人 |
somebody某人 |
something某事 |
|
any |
anyone任何人 |
anybody任何人 |
anything任何事 |
|
no |
no one沒有人 |
nobody沒有人 |
no thing沒有東西 |
|
every |
everyone每人 |
everybody每人 |
everything每一件事 |
2) 不定代詞的用法
在實際使用中，普通不定代詞多數(shù)時候用作形容詞修飾名詞。
�、� some和any。兩者均可修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。但在說話人想要得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請求、建議的疑問句中用some。
例如：There are some students in the classroom, but there aren’t any teachers.
教室里有一些學(xué)生，但沒有老師。
---Would you like to have some tea or coffee? ---Neither, thanks.
--想要喝茶還是咖啡?--謝謝，兩個都不要。
�、� many 和much。many修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
兩者均可以和表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用構(gòu)成too many/much, so many/much, as many/much as, how many/much.
例如：I have too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。
How did you make so many mistakes?你怎么會犯這么多錯誤?
Please speak English as much as possible.請盡量說英語。
③ few, a few 和little, a little. few和a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，little和a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few，little表示否定，a few，a little表示肯定。
例如：He is a new student in the school, so he has few friends.他是本校的新生，所以幾乎沒有朋友(表示否定)。
I have so little money that I can’t afford the new magazine. Can you lend me some?我?guī)缀鯖]錢了，買不起這本雜志(表示否定)。你能借我一些嗎?
---Can I have a few words with you, Mrs Brown? –Sure, I have a little time. –布朗夫人，我可以和你說幾句話嗎(表示肯定)?--當(dāng)然可以，我有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)時間(表示肯定)。
�、� both和all。both只能用于指代兩者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。
例如：My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母親都是老師。我哥和我是學(xué)生。我們都生活在長沙。
⑤ either， neither和none。either只能是“兩者中取其一”，neither是“兩者都不”，是both的反義詞，none“都不”是all的反義詞。
例如：Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden.你或者你姐姐得幫助你爸爸在花園里干活。(只要一個人幫助爸爸干活即可)
---Would you like some milk or coffee? –Neither. Just water, please.—你想要牛奶還是咖啡?--都不要，水就可以。
They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.他們都是青少年，誰都不應(yīng)該獲許抽煙。
�、� other, others, the other, the others.概括地說，不帶the的為泛指，帶the的為特指，帶s的指代復(fù)數(shù)的人或物，不帶s的指代單數(shù)的人或物。
例如：Beijing is larger than the other cities in China.北京比中國其他城市大。
Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。雷鋒樂于助人。
I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David.我只有兩個好朋友，一個是杰克，另一個是大衛(wèi)。
I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.我昨天買了六本書。一本是英語，其余的(書)都是中文。
�、� one, another, one指代上文提到過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，避免重復(fù)。another指的是三者以
上中的任意一者，還可以表達(dá)“額外添加”的意思。
例如：This building is taller than that one.這個建筑比那棟高。
I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I need another ten minutes to finish it.
我已經(jīng)花了半個小時做這件工作，但是我還要十分鐘才能夠完成。
⑧ 復(fù)合不定代詞的句法功能可以參考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列幾點(diǎn)必須
注意：
a)復(fù)合不定代詞在句子中擔(dān)任主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。
例如：Is there anything wrong with the computer?電腦出問題了嗎?
Everybody is here. Let’s begin the meeting.大家到齊了，我們開會吧。
b)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞要放在他們的后面，做后置定語。
例如：Be quiet, please. I have something important to tell you.請安靜，我有重要
的事情要告訴你們。
6、 疑問代詞及其用法
疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用，用來構(gòu)成疑問句。
|
疑問代詞 |
主要用法 |
例句 |
|
who |
“誰”，主格形式作主語 |
Who can answer the question? Who is the man over there? |
|
whom |
“誰”，賓格形式，口語中往往 被who代替 |
Whom/whom are you talking to? |
|
whose |
“誰的”所有格形式 |
Whose exercise book is this? Whose is this exercise book? |
|
what |
詢問不定書目中的“哪個”、 “哪些”，沒有范圍的限定；也 可用于詢問某人的職業(yè) |
What are you going to do? What class are you in? What is your mother? |
|
which |
“哪個”、“哪些”，詢問一定 范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物 |
Which class are you in, Class 1 or Class 2? |
實戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計分:
1 ---Is that man in blue your father? ---No, _______ is my headmaster.
A. he B. him C. she
2. ---Laura, this is my backpack. Where is _______? ---Mine is over there.
A. your B. yours C. his
3. ---Is the woman who walked past just now your teacher? ---Yes, she teaches _____ Chinese.
A. us B. our C. ours
4. ---Is David _________ cousin or theirs? ---He is my cousin.
A. your B. yours C. you
5. Excuse me, _____pen is broken. May I use ________?
A. my, your B. I, yours C. my, yours
6. ---Is this your MP4, Mike? ---No, it’s ______.
A. his B. her C. my
7. We must learn English by __________.
A. us B. our C. ourselves
8. Could you lend me ______ bike? I lost ______ last Saturday.
A. your, my B. your, mine C. yours, mine
9. ---Who taught _____ German? ---Nobody. She learned all by _______.
A. she, her B. her, herself C. hers, herself
10. --- Which would you like, bread or rice? --- ______ of them. I’m full now.
A. Either B. Neither C. All
11. ---_______does your cousin look like? ---He’s tall and thin.
A. What B. Who C. Which
12. Believe yourself. You’re better than ________. You’re the best. Wish you success.
A. anyone else B. some else C. else anyone
13. Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it B. this C. that
14. ---_______ are you talking about? ----The Olympic Games in Beijing.
A. What B. How C. Whom
15. ---What about this T—shirt? ---I don’t like the color. Please show me _____one.
A. other B. the other C. another
16. ---Did you enjoy ____ at the party, Jimmy? –Yes, Mum. I enjoyed ___very much.
A. yours, ourselves B. yourselves, myself C. yourself, myself
17. They three were all very tired, but ______ of them would stop to have a rest.
A. some B. none C. all
18. There is ______ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.
A. someone B. anybody C. nobody
19. Do you know the girl between Lucy and ______?
A. she B. his C. me
20. ---Could you tell me ______ to do next? ---Nothing more. Let’s have a rest.
A. what B. how C. when
21. ---Can we put our sports shoes here? ---Oh, yes. Put ______ here, please.
A. them B. their C. they
22. ---______did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?
A. Where B. For what C. With whom
23. _____ isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don’t give it up.
A. That B. It C. This
24. ---Hello! ---_______is Mary speaking. Is ______ Lily? --- Yes, speaking.
A. This, this B. This, that C. That, this
25. ---Who told you Sam and Kitty got married? --- A friend of _______.
A. you B. her C. mine
26.There are many tall buildings on _______ sides of the street.
A. either B. all C. both
27 I asked both Mary and Lucy to my birthday party, but ________ of them can come.
A. both B. neither C. all
28.---Mum, Li Ming bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy ____ for me?
---Sure. But you must take good care of it.
A. one B. it C. that
29.The weather in Hengyang is different from ______ in Beijing.
A. one B. it C. that
30.As we all have grown up, we should learn to look after ________.
A. ourselves B. us C. myself
31.Never say you’re a fool. Everyone is good at ________.
A. something B. anything C. everything
32 I like pop music, but _______ my father _______ my mother likes it.
A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor
33.---When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free these days.
A. Both B. All C. Either
34 There are only _________ new words in the passage, but I know _____ of them.
A. some; all B. a few; none C. lots of; a few
35 ---Who is singing in the next room? --- _______ must be Marie.
A. It B. She C. This
36.The machines made in China are cheaper than ________ made in Japan.
A. ones B. that C. those
37 ---Two Evening Papers, please! ---Only one copy left. Would you like to have ___, sir?
A. one B. it C. this
38 ---Do you like talking with your friends on the phone or on mobile phone?
---_________. I enjoy using QQ.
A. Either B. Neither C. None
39 The pears in my basket are smaller than _______ in Jim’s.
A. those B. that C. ones
40.We can’t leave our grandparents by _________.
A. they B. them C. themselves
41.---Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? ---Sure. I have ______ time.
A. a few B. little C. a little
42.---Is _______ here today? ---No. Han Mei isn’t here. Maybe she’s ill.
A. someone B. anyone C. everyone
43.---Have you finished your task? ---No, I’ll finish it in _______ ten minutes.
A. less B. other C. another
44.Mrs White has two children. _______ is a driver, and ______ is a nurse.
A. One; another B. One; the other C. One; other
45.The old woman asked _______, “What should I do?”
A. herself B. her C. hers
46.Either you or I _______ right.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
47 We found _______ necessary to protect the environment.
A. it B. this C. that
48.It was ________ fine day that they went to the park.
A. so a B. a so C. such a
49._________went surfing at the beach because of the terrible weather.
A. Someone B. No one C. Nothing
50.---______ did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?
A. How B. Where C. For what
參考答案
1-5 ABAAC 6-10 ACBBB 11-15 AAAAC 16-20 CBACB 21-25 ABBBC
26-30 CBACA 31-35 ACCBA 36-40 CBBAC 41-45 CCCBA 46-50 BACBC
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