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2018專四情態(tài)助動詞考點(diǎn)
英語專業(yè)四級語法是2018英語專業(yè)四級考試考生復(fù)習(xí)初期首先要打好基礎(chǔ)的部分,因為英語語法貫穿于整個英語專四考試中,尤其是應(yīng)用于專四完形填空及專四語言知識題型,下面應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)小編為大家介紹的2018專四情態(tài)助動詞考點(diǎn),歡迎閱讀。
❖ 主要情態(tài)助動詞的用法(can/could, may/might, will/would, shall, should, must, need, dare)
❖ 情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞
1) can和could的用法
1. 表示能力,如: Can you finish this work tonight?
2. 理論上的可能性,但未必馬上發(fā)生。“有時候會”
Man cannot live without air. My sister can be really stubborn.
3. 表示請求和允許。 — Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意:①could也可表示請求,語氣委婉,主要用于疑問句,不可用于肯定句,答語應(yīng)用can(即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的簡略答語中)。如: Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. (否定答語可用No, I'm afraid not.) ②can表示能力時,還可用be able to代替。如: I'll not be able to come this afternoon.
4. can表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度,是一種推測.(主要用在否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句) Could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑問句
Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him.
5. “can + have done” 用于否定句、疑問句表示對過去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。 “could + have done”可用于各種句型。如: He cannot have been to that town. Can he have got the book? 6. 特殊句式
(1) can not / can never too…或cannot…enough “再……也不過分,越……越好” One can’t be too careful. = One can’t be careful enough.
(2)can’t help doing / can’t help but do禁不住,不由得 (3)Can’t help (to) do 不能幫助做某事 (4) can’t/couldn’t + 比較級=最高級
2) may和might的用法 1. 表示許可。 表示請求、允許時,might比may的語氣更委婉一些,否定回答時要用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如: You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.
用May I ... 征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式,在口氣上比較客氣。在日?谡Z中,用Can I ... 征詢對方意見在現(xiàn)代口語中更為常見。
肯定回答用Yes, you may./Yes, please./Certainly./Sure, go ahead. 否定回答用No, you mustn’t./No, you’d better not.
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May+主語+動詞原形
如: May you succeed!
3. 表示推測,一般不用于疑問句。might的可能性比may小。 He may be very busy now.
4. “may(might) + have done”表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。如: He may not have finished the work.
5. may / might as well +動詞原形 “不妨,不如” You may / might as well go to see a doctor.
3) must和have to的用法 1. 表示必須、必要。如: You must come in time. 回答must引出的問句時,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。 — Must we hand in our exercise books today? — Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
2. must表示命令或強(qiáng)制,用于否定句的mustn't表示說話人不許或禁止(某人做某事)。例如:You must do as you are told. 你必須遵囑行事。
You mustn't move any of the papers on my desk. 你不許動我辦公桌上的任何文件。 —May I borrow this book? 我可以借這本書嗎? —No,you mustn't. 不,不可以。
3. must表示“偏要”, “非要”
Must you make so much noise? 你偏要弄出那么多噪音嗎? Of course,after I gave her advice, she must go and do the opposite. 當(dāng)然,在我勸了她以后,她非要做相反的事不可。
4. must表示推測,只用于肯定句。它的否定或疑問式用can /could代替must。 This must be your pen.
5. “must + have + done”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中,表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。它的否定或疑問式用can/could代替must。 He must have been to Shanghai. 含Must的反義疑問句:
A.must表示“應(yīng)該”,其疑問部分用mustn't(不應(yīng)該),如:
You must work hard next term, mustn't you ? 下學(xué)期你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí),對嗎? B.must表示“必須”,其疑問部分用needn't(不必),如:
They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他們今天必須要完成這項工作,是嗎? C.陳述部分含情態(tài)動詞mustn't,表示禁止時,疑問部分就可以用must或may,如: You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把車停在這地方,知道嗎? D.must表示推測 ,其疑問部分必須與must 后面的主要動詞相呼應(yīng)。如: ①對現(xiàn)在動作或存在的情況的推測 :
You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道這項練習(xí)的答案,是不是? That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床,是嗎? ②對過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的情況的推測:
(一)句中陳述部分沒有表示過去的時間狀語,這時疑問部分中的動詞就用 現(xiàn)在完成時。(haven’t / hasn’t + 主語)
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把這事告訴她了,是嗎? (二)陳述部分有表示過去的時間狀語,疑問部分的動詞就用 一般過去時。(didn’t + 主語)
She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定讀了這本小說了,是嗎? 6. have to的含義與must相似,兩者往往可以互換使用,但have to有各種形式,隨have的變化而定。must與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同:
、 must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。如: The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age.
、 二者的否定意義不大相同。如:
You mustn't go. 你可不要去。 You don't have to go. 你不必去。 ③ 詢問對方的意愿時應(yīng)用must。如: Must I clean all the room?
4) dare和need的用法
1. need表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中,在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如: You needn’t come so early.
— Need I finish the work today? — Yes, you must.
注意:needn't +完成式“表示本來不必做而實際上做了某事”。如: You needn't have waited for me.
2. Dare作情態(tài)動詞時,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用在肯定句中。有過去時dared。如:How dare you say I'm unfair. He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. Dare和need可作實義動詞,用于各種句型,有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,所不同的是,作實義動詞時,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接帶to的不定式,在否定和疑問句中,dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。如:
I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Don't you dare (to) touch it! He needs to finish it this evening.
5) shall和should的用法
Shall(1)用于第一人稱的陳述句,表示將來。如: I shall come tomorrow.
(2). Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵。如?Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
(3). Shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。如: You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允諾) He shall be punished. (威脅) (4)應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng).用于條約,規(guī)定,規(guī)章等文件中,表示一種義務(wù),多用于第三人稱中。 He shall have the right to own the house according to the law.(法律條文) ---Can I pay the bill by check?
---Sorry, sir. But it's the management rules of our hotel that payment shall be made in cash.(規(guī)章制度)
Should (1)表示勸告、建議、命令,其同義詞是ought to;在疑問句中,通常用should代替ought to。如:
You should go to class right away. Should I open the window?
(2) should用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。
、 I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是認(rèn)為最好再試一試。 ② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞錯了。
(3)Should還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句,表示一件事聽起來可能性很小,但也不是完全沒有可能。相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。從句謂語由should加動詞原形構(gòu)成,主句謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣。如:
① If you should change your mind, please let us know. 萬一你改變主意,請通知我們。 ② Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 萬一我明天有時間,我就來。
(4)此外,Why(or How) + should結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對某事不能理解,感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會”。如:
① Why should you be so late today? 你幾天怎么來得這么晚? ②— Where is Betty living? — 貝蒂住在哪里? — How should I know? — 我怎么會知道呢?
、 I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你憑什么認(rèn)為這事是我干的。
(5). Should 表示推測,按常理,按慣例應(yīng)該. 如。 They should arrive by 10 o’clock. . “should /ought to+ have done”表示本應(yīng)該做而實際上沒有做,包含一種埋怨、責(zé)備的口氣。如: She should have finished it. I should have helped her, but I never could.
6) will和would的用法
1. 表示請求、建議等,“Will/Would you „.” would比will委婉客氣。如: Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、愿望和決心。如:
I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that again.
3. will表示習(xí)慣和傾向性。 will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣,would表示過去的習(xí)慣,此時的意義接近used to 如:
Oil will float on water. 油總是浮在水上。 This window won’t open. 這扇窗戶經(jīng)常打不開。 The wound would not heal. (過去傷口老不愈合。 would與used to的區(qū)別:
1)used to強(qiáng)調(diào)今昔對比(過去這樣,現(xiàn)已不是這樣);would只是回顧過去,常與often, frequently,sometimes, always, for hours,on Sundays等表頻率的詞連用。
2)would只能表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作,而used to 既可表示動作,也可表示狀態(tài) 4. will表示對目前情況的推測,主要用于第二、三人稱。如: This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now.
7) ought to的用法
1. Ought to表示應(yīng)該。如: You ought to take care of him.
2. 表示推測。注意與must表示推測時的區(qū)別: He must be at home by now. (斷定他已到家) He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)
3. “ought to + have done”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實際未做。如: You ought to have asked him (but you didn't). 這時,ought to和should可以互相換用。
8) used to,had better,would rather的用法
1. Used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在,在間接引語中,其形式可不變。如: He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,可有兩種形式: 疑問句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother? Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句 I usedn't to go there. I didn't use to go there.
Usedn't 亦可拼作usen't,但發(fā)音皆為[ju:znt]。
否定疑問句 Usen't you to be interested in the theatre? Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago. I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago. 其反意疑問句或簡略回答中,也有兩種形式:
She used to be very fat, didn't she? (正式)/ use(d)n't she? (口語) Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.) 2. Had better意為“最好”,后接不帶to的不定式。如: — We had better go now.
— Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better).
Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)
I think I'd better be going. (用于進(jìn)行時態(tài),表“最好立即”) You had better have done that. (用于完成時態(tài),表未完成動作) 注:①had best與had better同意,但較少用
、赮ou had better … 用于同輩或小輩,對長輩不可用。
3. Would rather意為“寧愿”,表選擇,后接不帶to的不定式。如: I'd rather not say anything. Would you rather work on a farm? — Wouldn't you rather stay here? — No, I would not. I'd rather go there. 由于would rather表選擇,因而后可接than。如: I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone.
9)情態(tài)動詞+have done(陳述過去)
must have done (肯) 定/肯定做過某事 may have done (肯,否) 可能做過某事 might have done (肯,否) 本能夠做某事卻未做 可能做過某事
can have done (否,疑問) 可能做過某事 could have done (肯,否,疑問 本能夠做某事卻未做 /
可能做過某事
should / ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做 needn’t have done 本沒必要做某事卻做了
10)情態(tài)動詞表推測
1 表示肯定的猜測時,各情態(tài)動詞語氣強(qiáng)弱如下: 最強(qiáng)——must(一定) will (很有可能) would(很有可能)
ought to(應(yīng)該,很有可能) should(應(yīng)該,很有可能) can(可能) could(可能) may(可能)
最弱——might(可能)
2 表示否定的猜測時can't / couldn't語氣最強(qiáng),指“不可能”;may / might not語氣最弱,意思是“可能不”。
3 一些情態(tài)動詞表猜測時的用法限制。 must只用于肯定句;
may/ might一般不用于疑問句;
could可用于各種句式;而can多用于否定句、疑問句,用于肯定句時,多指“客觀可能性”。 Lightning can be very dangerous.閃電可能會非常危險。 4. 把握題干猜測語氣的強(qiáng)弱。
題干中如果有客觀依據(jù),應(yīng)該選擇猜測語氣最強(qiáng)的情態(tài)動詞;如果沒有客觀依據(jù),則應(yīng)選擇猜測語氣最弱的情態(tài)動詞。如:
—Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D.might
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