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考研英語(yǔ)大小作文有什么命題規(guī)律

時(shí)間:2021-06-09 18:21:24 考研備考 我要投稿

考研英語(yǔ)大小作文有什么命題規(guī)律

  我們?cè)跍?zhǔn)備考研的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),需要把英語(yǔ)大小作文的命題規(guī)律掌握好。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語(yǔ)大小作文的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn),歡迎大家前來(lái)閱讀。

考研英語(yǔ)大小作文有什么命題規(guī)律

  考研英語(yǔ)大小作文的命題規(guī)律

  小作文

  據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì):每年小作文的全國(guó)平均分為5.5-6分左右,所以對(duì)于滿(mǎn)分10分的小作文來(lái)說(shuō),提分的空間還是很大的!

  小作文主要是一種應(yīng)用性短文,包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、報(bào)告等。僅僅信函類(lèi)就包括辭職信、申請(qǐng)信、道歉信、慰問(wèn)信、祝賀信等等,一起來(lái)看下歷年考研英語(yǔ)小作文類(lèi)型統(tǒng)計(jì)吧!

  題目匯總

  【英語(yǔ)一】

  已考類(lèi)型:

  辭職信1次, 詢(xún)問(wèn)信1次, 建議信4次、 道歉信1次、 告示2次、 推薦信1次、 邀請(qǐng)信1次、通知信1次

  未考類(lèi)型:

  感謝信,祝賀信,慰問(wèn)信,申請(qǐng)信,投訴信,介紹信,請(qǐng)求信

  【英語(yǔ)二】

  已考類(lèi)型:

  感謝信1 次、建議信3次、 祝賀信1次、 投訴信1次、 倡議書(shū)1次、 介紹信1次、 詢(xún)問(wèn)信1次、通知信1次

  未考類(lèi)型:

  道歉信,推薦信,邀請(qǐng)信,慰問(wèn)信,申請(qǐng)信,請(qǐng)求信。

  命題規(guī)律

  從往年的考試命題來(lái)看,建議信是考察比較多的類(lèi)型,但是很多未考過(guò)的類(lèi)型很有可能是今年命題的方向,尤其是慰問(wèn)信、申請(qǐng)信、請(qǐng)求信這三類(lèi)在英語(yǔ)一、英語(yǔ)二中都還沒(méi)有考過(guò),所以更需引起大家的重視。

  在考研英語(yǔ)試卷上,考場(chǎng)上一般都會(huì)選擇先以小作文為開(kāi)端,如果能順利的完成一篇感覺(jué)不錯(cuò)的小文章,不僅能給自己信心,很快進(jìn)入寫(xiě)作狀態(tài),還能給大作文預(yù)留下充分的時(shí)間。因此同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)大作文寫(xiě)作的同時(shí)不要忽略了對(duì)小作文的備考練習(xí)!

  大作文

  題目匯總

  2016年:言傳身教,榜樣的作用(英語(yǔ)一)、旅游(英語(yǔ)二)

  2015年:手機(jī)時(shí)態(tài)的聚合(英語(yǔ)一)、城市居民春節(jié)花銷(xiāo)(英語(yǔ)二)

  2014年:孝道或關(guān)愛(ài)老人(英語(yǔ)一)、城鎮(zhèn)化或城鄉(xiāng)人口對(duì)比(英語(yǔ)二)

  2013年:選擇(英語(yǔ)一)、大學(xué)生兼職(英語(yǔ)二)

  2012年:樂(lè)觀(guān)(英語(yǔ)一)、工作滿(mǎn)意度(英語(yǔ)二)

  2011年:旅途之"余"(英語(yǔ)一)、國(guó)內(nèi)轎車(chē)市場(chǎng)品牌份額(英語(yǔ)二)

  2010年:文化"火鍋" (文化融合)(英語(yǔ)一)、手機(jī)入網(wǎng)(英語(yǔ)二)

  2009年:網(wǎng)絡(luò)的"近"與"遠(yuǎn)"

  2008年:合作(的重要性)

  2007年:樂(lè)觀(guān)心態(tài)(是成功的關(guān)鍵)

  2006年:偶像崇拜

  2005年:(年輕人應(yīng)該)贍養(yǎng)父母

  2004年:終點(diǎn)又是新的起點(diǎn)

  2003年:溫室里的花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨

  2002年:美國(guó)女孩穿著中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服飾(中國(guó)與世界的文化交流)

  2001年:(困難的.時(shí)候,人人都應(yīng)該獻(xiàn))愛(ài)心

  2000年:全球商業(yè)捕魚(yú)(自然生態(tài)平衡遭破壞)

  命題規(guī)律

  1、?荚(huà)題有四大類(lèi):道德倫理類(lèi)、教育文化類(lèi)、社會(huì)生活類(lèi)、環(huán)保生態(tài)類(lèi)。

  2、?荚(huà)題類(lèi)別隔年反復(fù)考察。

  3、話(huà)題貼近大學(xué)生生活或與近年社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題。

  4、命題不會(huì)涉及時(shí)事政治或敏感話(huà)題

  5、命題體現(xiàn)和諧社會(huì)原則:個(gè)人自身的和諧發(fā)展、個(gè)人與他人或與社會(huì)的和諧關(guān)系、個(gè)人與自然的和諧共處。

  大家在復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)一定要認(rèn)真研究一下往年的考試題目和話(huà)題的考查方向,多關(guān)注社會(huì)熱點(diǎn),自己多動(dòng)手去寫(xiě),有能力的小伙伴可以在復(fù)習(xí)和練習(xí)中形成自己的“特色模板”。

  考研英語(yǔ)二完型填句題解題步驟及方法

  【解題步驟】

  第一步:找出各選項(xiàng)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

  第二步:將代詞后面指代的內(nèi)容還原回文章,進(jìn)行匹配。

  【解題技巧】

  第一,選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間年代時(shí),往往要注意與原文中年代的前后對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。

  第二,選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)代詞時(shí),該選項(xiàng)往往不能放在首句,要能分辨出該代詞所指的內(nèi)容:it可指代前面的單數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子;they或them指代前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞;one指代前面的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞;that指代前面的不可數(shù)名詞或句子;this指代前面的單數(shù)名詞或句子。

  第三,將選項(xiàng)與原文對(duì)比時(shí),與原文重復(fù)或同義改寫(xiě)的字越多的往往就是正確選項(xiàng)。

  第四,做完型填句(段)題時(shí)不用按順序做,先做簡(jiǎn)單的后做難的,注意尋找上下文中的關(guān)鍵信息。

  【例題】2013年

  The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

  Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today's global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

  (42)____This is a shame-the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

  Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental changed" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____.

  When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

  The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.

  The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.

  [A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.

  [B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.

  [C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

  [D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.

  [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

  [F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.

  [G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.

  【解題步驟】

  1. 找選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞

  [A] two communities: one that is …and one that is …

  [B] the numbers, 2010, these Keywords.

  [C] the idea is, integrate their work

  [D] the solution

  [E] These issues, Stemming climate change, for example ,

  [F] these factors, such problems .

  [G]funds, 4% to 25%; 15%.

  2. 關(guān)鍵詞匹配文章

  [B] the numbers ,2010, these Keywords.匹配到43空前的number和Keywords.

  [C] the idea is,integrate their work匹配到45空前的idea和collaborate

  [E] These issues, Stemming climate change , for example。利用for example可以匹配到41空前的原詞,these issues可以匹配到including后面的許多因素。

  [F] these factors, such problems. 利用such problems匹配到42空前的problems,these factors匹配到前面的冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容。

  [G] funds, 4% to 25%; 15%.匹配到44空后的that is …amount。

  考研英語(yǔ)小作文寫(xiě)作步驟及要素

  一、寫(xiě)作步驟

  第一步:找范文

  應(yīng)用文考察的書(shū)信類(lèi)型有十幾種,每一種有不同的寫(xiě)作思路?忌枰雀鶕(jù)書(shū)信類(lèi)型,找出至少兩篇優(yōu)秀的范文。

  第二步:改范文

  大部分考生找到的范文可能來(lái)自網(wǎng)絡(luò),或市面上的書(shū)籍。上面即使沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤,但是容易落入俗套,跟其他考生寫(xiě)的一樣。因此,要想得高分,還要根據(jù)應(yīng)用文的寫(xiě)作技巧,對(duì)找到的范文進(jìn)行修改。

  第三步:整理思路

  改完范文后整理出每一種書(shū)信的寫(xiě)作思路,例如感謝信的寫(xiě)作思路:第一段自我介紹,說(shuō)明目的;第二段說(shuō)明自己的困難—得到什么幫助—幫助后自己有哪些改善—說(shuō)明幫助的重要性;第三段再一次表示感謝,希望償還好意。整理寫(xiě)作思路后,無(wú)論遇到什么樣的文章,都可以做到條理清晰,層次分明。

  第四步:背誦范文

  將改寫(xiě)完后的范文,以及每一種書(shū)信的寫(xiě)作思路,都背下來(lái)。

  二、寫(xiě)作要素

  ▶要素一:稱(chēng)呼

  ①知道姓名:Dear+Mr./Ms./Mrs.+姓氏,

 、诓恢佬彰篋ear Sir or Madam.

 、圯^為親近:Dear +名字,(中國(guó)人用全名)

  ▶要素二:自我介紹

 、 My name is Li Ming,who is×××.

  ② I am Li Ming,who is ×××.

  ▶要素三:寫(xiě)作目的

 、買(mǎi) am writing the letter in purpose of expressing my 主題名詞 to you for 事件.

  翻譯:我寫(xiě)這封信的目的是要表達(dá)我對(duì)(時(shí)間)的(主題名詞)。

  ②The purpose of letter that I am writing is to express my 主題名詞 to you for 事件.

  翻譯:我寫(xiě)這封信的目的在于表達(dá)我對(duì)(事件)的(主題名詞)。

  ▶要素四:信函內(nèi)容

 、僭颍簽槭裁磳(xiě)信,目的何在?

 、诮ㄗh:通過(guò)相應(yīng)的建議,體現(xiàn)寫(xiě)作目的。

  ▶要素五:表達(dá)感謝

 、賂hank you for your time and consideration.感謝你的時(shí)間和耐心。

  ② My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.對(duì)于你的慷慨幫助,我的感激之情溢于言表。

  ③ Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you . 我難以用言語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)你真誠(chéng)的感謝。

 、 For all you have done for me ,my true gratitude is beyond the word's description.對(duì)你為我所做的一切,我真誠(chéng)的感激溢于言表。

  ▶要素六:期待回信

 、倨诖M快回信:I am looking forward to your reply soon.

 、谄诖凉M(mǎn)意答復(fù):I Look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

 、燮诖龑(duì)方關(guān)注:Your prompt attention to my letter would be highly appreciated.

  ▶要素七:落款

  ①萬(wàn)能用法:Yours sincerely,/Sincerely yours,

  ②私人信件:Best wishes,/Best regards,/Warmest regards,/You ever,/Yours,/Cordially,

 、塾H密關(guān)系A(chǔ)ffectionately,/Yours Affectionately,/Love,/Lovely,

  /Cheers,/Your devoted friend,/Your loving father(mother,son...)

 、芄珓(wù)信件:Yours faithfully,/Yours truly,/Yours respectfully,/Yours gratefully,/Yours cordially

  下面我們重點(diǎn)來(lái)看一下信函類(lèi)的應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作:

  信函是交涉事物、增進(jìn)了解、交流思想、聯(lián)絡(luò)感情的重要工具。就文體基本劃分為正式和非正式文體,就種類(lèi)可劃分為私人、公務(wù)、社交、商務(wù)信件,在考研英語(yǔ)中,我們多以用途來(lái)劃分和備考,即求職信、咨詢(xún)信、感謝信、投訴信、建議信、邀請(qǐng)信等。我們以投訴信和感謝信為例,探討寫(xiě)作方法。

  1.投訴信

  所謂投訴信是指針對(duì)某件不愉快的事情向責(zé)任人提出的投訴信件,信中多尋求解決方法,寫(xiě)作要求一般為:

  (1)首段開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山指明所投訴的具體事件。

  (2)將問(wèn)題清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔、公正地描述出來(lái),指出事件帶來(lái)的諸多不便。

  (3)感謝對(duì)方傾聽(tīng)投訴,同時(shí)清楚地表達(dá)你所想到的解決方法,期待對(duì)方盡早回復(fù)和解決問(wèn)題。

  2.感謝信

  所謂感謝信是指因?yàn)槟呈录蚴招湃吮砻鞲屑ぶ,?xiě)作要求一般為:

  (1)首先表明寫(xiě)作意圖,開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山表達(dá)謝意。

  (2)說(shuō)明因何事向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x,注意感情真摯。

  (3)感謝信一般為非官方,若為官方感謝信注意語(yǔ)言的嚴(yán)肅性。

  (4)結(jié)尾再次表達(dá)真摯感激之情。


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