2000多年前古希臘人就已經(jīng)知道地球周長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)美文
美文，是一個(gè)與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的概念。周作人最早從西方引入“美文”的概念，于1921年發(fā)表《美文》，提倡“記述的”、“藝術(shù)的”敘事抒情散文，“給新文學(xué)開(kāi)辟出一塊新土地”。接下來(lái)就由小編帶來(lái)2000多年前古希臘人就已經(jīng)知道地球周長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)美文，希望對(duì)你有所幫助！
In the mid-20th century, we began launching satellites into space that would help us determine the exact circumference of the Earth: 40,030 km. But over 2000 years earlier, a man in Ancient Greece came up with nearly the exact same figure using just a stick and his brain. Following is a transcript of the video.
20世紀(jì)中期，我們開(kāi)始向太空發(fā)射衛(wèi)星，從而幫助我們確定了地球的精確周長(zhǎng)為40,030公里。然而，早在2000年前，古希臘的一個(gè)人僅用一根棍子和他的大腦，得到了一個(gè)幾乎完全相同的`數(shù)字。以下是該視頻的文字記錄。
How an ancient Greek mathematician calculated the Earth’s circumference. In the mid-20th century, we began launching satellites into space that would help us determine the exact circumference of the Earth, 40,030 km.
一名古希臘人是如何計(jì)算出地球的周長(zhǎng)的?20世紀(jì)中期我們才開(kāi)始往太空發(fā)射衛(wèi)星，幫助我們確定了地球的真實(shí)周長(zhǎng)為40,030公里。
But over 2,000 years earlier in ancient Greece, a man arrived at nearly that exact same figure by putting a stick in the ground. That man was Eratosthenes. A Greek mathematician and the head of the library at Alexandria.
但是在兩千多年前的古希臘已經(jīng)有一個(gè)人僅用一根棍子和他的大腦，得到了一個(gè)幾乎完全相同的數(shù)字。這個(gè)人就是埃拉托色尼，古希臘的一位數(shù)學(xué)家、亞歷山大里亞圖書(shū)館的館長(zhǎng)。
Eratosthenes had heard that in Syene, a city south of Alexandria, no vertical shadows were cast at noon on the summer solstice. The sun was directly overhead. He wondered if this were also true in Alexandria.
埃拉托色尼曾聽(tīng)說(shuō)，在亞歷山大港南部的賽尼城，夏至那天正午時(shí)垂直的物體沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)影子，太陽(yáng)直射在頭頂上。他思考著在亞歷山大港是否也是如此。
So, on June 21 he planted a stick directly in the ground and waited to see if a shadow would be cast at noon. It turns out there was one. And it measured about 7 degrees.
因此，在6月21日夏至那天，他把一根棍子垂直插在地上，等著看在正午時(shí)會(huì)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)影子。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)有影子，測(cè)量發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)光線(xiàn)與地面的角度為7度。
Now, if the sun’s rays are coming in at the same angle at the same time of day, and a stick in Alexandria is casting a shadow while a stick in Syene is not, it must mean that the Earth’s surface is curved. And Eratosthenes probably already knew that.
那么，如果太陽(yáng)光線(xiàn)在一天的同一時(shí)間以同樣的角度照射進(jìn)來(lái)，亞歷山大港的一根棍子在地上投射出了影子，賽尼城的卻沒(méi)有影子，那么它一定意味著地球的表面是彎曲的。因此，埃拉托色尼很可能已經(jīng)知道地球是圓球體。
The idea of a spherical Earth was floated around by Pythagoras around 500 BC and validated by Aristotle a couple centuries later. If the Earth really was a sphere, Eratosthenes could use his observations to estimate the circumference of the entire planet.
畢達(dá)哥拉斯在約公元前500年就提出了一個(gè)球形地球的概念，并被幾個(gè)世紀(jì)后的亞里士多德證實(shí)。如果地球真的是一個(gè)球體，埃拉托色尼可以用他的觀測(cè)來(lái)估計(jì)整個(gè)地球的周長(zhǎng)。
Since the difference in shadow length is 7 degrees in Alexandria and Syene, that means the two cities are 7 degrees apart on Earth’s 360-degrees surface. Eratosthenes hired a man to pace the distance between the two cities and learned they were 5,000 stadia apart, which is about 800 kilometers.
由于亞歷山大港和賽尼城的陰影長(zhǎng)度的差異是7度，這意味著這兩個(gè)城市在地球360度的表面上相距7度。于是埃拉托色尼雇了一個(gè)人來(lái)測(cè)量這兩個(gè)城市之間的距離，得知兩者相距約5000視距尺，大約是800公里。
He could then use simple proportions to find the Earth’s circumference — 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. And just like that, a man 2200 years ago found the circumference of our entire planet with just a stick and his brain.
然后，他使用簡(jiǎn)單的比例公式計(jì)算出了地球的周長(zhǎng)——7.2度是360度的50分之1，因此，800乘以50就午到了40000公里。就是這樣，2200年前的這個(gè)人僅用一根棍子和他的大腦，就知道了地球的周長(zhǎng)。
This video was produced by Alex Kuzoian.
該視頻由亞歷克斯制作。
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