最新基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
▌25. it做形式主語,句子做邏輯主語:如果主語太長(zhǎng),常用代詞 it 作形式主語,將真正的主語從句置于句尾,以保持句式的平衡。
例句:It makes no difference what you read or study ifyou can’t remember it. 如果你記不住,那么你讀什么或者學(xué)什么都不重要了。
▌26. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語:
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語。例句:There areseveral things to consider when buying fresh foods. 當(dāng)購(gòu)買新鮮食品時(shí),有幾個(gè)事情要考慮。
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語。例句:Working hard,you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你將會(huì)成功。
(3)現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。例句:All night longhe lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不著,思考著那個(gè)問題。
(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語。例句:Please answerthe question using another way. 請(qǐng)用另一種方法回答問題。
(5)現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語。例句:Not knowingher address, I can’t write to her.由于不知道她的地址,我沒法給她寫信。
(6)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。例句:Possessing a car gives a much greater degree ofmobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 擁有汽車使機(jī)動(dòng)程度更高,使司機(jī)能自由自在地往來各地。
(7)現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語。例句:Although working from morning till night his fatherdidn’t get enough food.雖然他父親從早到晚拼命干,但是還是掙不夠吃的。
▌27. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)
(1)對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來情況的.推測(cè),用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形
對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來情況的肯定推測(cè):must+動(dòng)詞原形
對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來情況的否定推測(cè):can’t +動(dòng)詞原形
對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來情況的可能推測(cè):may/might +動(dòng)詞原形
例句:What is he doing?
He must be sleeping./He can’tbe reading./ He may/might be reading but I’m not sure.
(2)對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè),用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have donesth.
對(duì)過去情況的肯定推測(cè):must+have done sth.
對(duì)過去情況的否定推測(cè):can’t +have donesth.
對(duì)過去情況的可能推測(cè):may/might +have done sth.
例句:It must / may / might / have rained last night. Theground is wet.
The door is locked. He cannot / may ( might ) not havebeen at home.
▌28. 部分倒裝:否定詞前置
(1)hardly/scarcely…when…
例句:Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisit her.她剛一出門,一個(gè)學(xué)生就來拜訪她。
(2)no sooner…than…
例句:No sooner had the game begun than it began to rainheavily.比賽剛一開始就下起了雨。
▌29. 動(dòng)詞 ing 形式作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):邏輯主語和主句主語不一致時(shí)采用。
例句:Time permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.(=f time permits, we will go for apicnic tomorrow.) 如果時(shí)間允許,我們明天會(huì)去野餐。
▌30. so...as to 結(jié)構(gòu):表示“如此......以至于......”。
例句:The girl was so excited as to shout herself hoarse.那個(gè)女孩興奮得喊啞了嗓子。
▌31. even if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句:“即使”。
例句: Even if we achieve great success in our work, weshould not be proud.即使我們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥〉昧司薮蟪煽?jī),也不應(yīng)該自滿。
▌32. when 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句
(1)when可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,也可以和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用。
例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動(dòng)詞)你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?
when從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。
例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會(huì)兒。
When I got to the airport,theguests had left.(got to后發(fā)生)當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí),客人們已經(jīng)離開了。
▌33. that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
名詞從句作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí),前面的that常被省略,特別是在非正式語體中。
例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along thecoast. 我建議他們沿著海岸開車。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我會(huì)成功。
▌34. which 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
例句:Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他們將選擇哪本書仍然不被人知。
▌35.過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)
(1)過去完成時(shí)(past perfect tense):強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作前或過去某個(gè)時(shí)間常常用到的時(shí)態(tài),或指在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間段已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,它就是過去的過去。
、俦硎景l(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的某種影響或結(jié)果,用來指定在另一個(gè)過去行動(dòng)之前就已經(jīng)完成了的一個(gè)事件。
、谶^去某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在將來可能還要延續(xù)下去。句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去之前(過去的過去),即過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去。例句: He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他說他已經(jīng)去過北京兩次。
(2)過去將來時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。即:過去將來時(shí)是“立足過去,著眼未來”的一種時(shí)態(tài), 常用于賓語從句中。判斷這種時(shí)態(tài)的依據(jù)是:要有表示過去的“動(dòng)作”, 而不是時(shí)間。例句:I heard that they were going toreturn to Shanghai soon. 我聽說他們不久要回到上海。
▌36. there be句型:表示的是 “某處有(存在)某人或某物”,其結(jié)構(gòu)為There be (is,are,was, were )+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語。例句:There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52個(gè)學(xué)生。
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