2016年六月大學(xué)英語六級真題及答案解析-第一套

　　[F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.

　　[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit. [H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.

　　[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.

　　[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不誠實的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something."

　　[K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.

　　[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.

　　注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

　　36. Not many young people eligible for voting are interested in local or national elections these days.

　　37. Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.

　　38. Even during the turbulent years of last century, youth rebellion was often exaggerated in the media.

　　39. Teenagers of today often turn to their parents for advice on such important matters as career choice.

　　40. The incidence of teenage crime and misbehavior is decreasing nowadays.

　　41. Young people should have lofty ideals in life and strive to be leaders.

　　42. Some young people like to keep something to themselves and don't want their parents to know about it. 43. It is beneficial to encourage young people to explore the broader world and get ready to make it a better place.

　　44. Many teenagers now offer to render service to the needy.

　　45. Interviews with students find many of them are only concerned about personal matters.

　　Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.

　　The commission's revised "Green Guides" warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like "eco-friendly". Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled.

　　"This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product," said Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the commission.

　　The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to a new study, the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream magazines has risen since 1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the number dropped to 9%. But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of ecolabeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.

　　In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don't always know what they are getting.

　　A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels. In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits (集體訴訟) were filed against SC Johnson for using "Greenlist" labels on its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own.

　　"We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases," Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that "this has been an area that is difficult to navigate."

　　Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other's green claims. David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies were bringing against each other for false or misleading environmental product claims.

　　"About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry, said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. "It's kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green." Mr. Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay attention to.

　　46. What do the revised "Green Guides" require businesses to do?

　　A) Manufacture as many green products as possible. B) Indicate whether their products are recyclable.

　　C) Specify in what way their products are green. D) Attach green labels to all of their products.

　　47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?

　　A) They can easily see through the businesses' tricks.

　　B) They have to spend lots of time choosing products.

　　C) They have doubt about current green certification.

　　D) They are not clear which products are truly green.

　　48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits?

　　A) It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.

　　B) It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.

　　C) It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.

　　D) It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official "Greenlist".

　　49. How did Christopher Beard defend his company's labeling practice?

　　A) There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.

　　B) His company's products had been well received by the public.

　　C) It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market.

　　D) No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.

　　50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying "It's kind of a Wild West" (Line 3，Para. 11)?

　　A) Businesses compete to produce green products.

　　B) Each business acts its own way in green labeling.

　　C) Consumers grow wild with products labeled green. D) Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　America's education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.

　　That's why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It's not just about education, but about poverty and justice.

　　It's true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn't teachers' unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers' ，unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn't be held accountable until poverty is solved. There're steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting.

　　I'd be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation's worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers.

　　There's solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.

　　Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it's as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.

　　The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers, a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money at age 28.

　　How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that's a challenge. But researchers are improving systems to measure a teacher's performance throughout the year, and, with three years of data, ifs usually possible to tell which teachers are failing.

　　Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That's an insult to students.

　　Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers. This isn't a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children. Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system.

　　51. What do we learn about America's education system?

　　A) It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy. B) It contributes little to the elimination of inequality.

　　C) It has remained basically unchanged for generations. D) It has brought up generations of responsible citizens.

　　52. What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools? A) Unqualified teachers. C) Unfavorable learning environment.

　　B) Lack of financial resources. D) Subconscious racial discrimination. 53. What does the author think the union should do to win popular support?

　　A) Assist the city government in reforming schools. C) Demand higher pay for teachers.

　　B) Give constructive advice to inner-city schools. D) Help teachers improve teaching.

　　54. What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars?

　　A) Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs.

　　B) A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes.

　　C) Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers.

　　D) Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.

　　55. Why does the author say the Chicago unions demand is an insult to students?

　　A) It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students. B) It underestimates students, ability to tell good teachers from poor ones.

　　C) It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways.

　　D) It totally ignores students，initiative in the learning process.

　　翻譯部分

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

　　旗袍(qipao)是一種雅致的中國服裝，源于中國的滿族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿著的寬松長袍。上世紀 20 年代，受西方服飾影響，旗袍發(fā)生了一些變化。袖口(cuffs)變窄，袍身變短。這些變化使女性美得以充分展現(xiàn)。

　　如今，旗袍經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在世界級的時裝秀上。中國女性出席重要社交聚會時，旗袍往往是她們的首選。很多中國新也會選擇旗袍作為結(jié)婚禮服。一些有影響的人士甚至建議將旗袍作為中國女性的民族服飾。

　　答案與解析

　　寫作參考答案

　　The evolution of modem robot technology seems to be a mixed blessing.

　　Optimists say that more robots will lead to greater productivity and economic growth, while pessimists complain that we will experience the greatest unemployment crisis in human history. As for me, the world where robots substitute manual and mental labor is delightful rather than fearful.

　　There is no doubt that human society is benefiting tremendously from robots. On the one hand, industrial robots can assist in carrying out dirty, dull and dangerous tasks while offering increased productivity and safety. On the other hand, domestic robots can provide household services, freeing human beings from the boredom of the daily chores. We aren't giving robots "easy jobs", but those that most of the time we aren't willing to do and even could never do. Without robots, these jobs would remain undone or be done inefficiently. In spite of the potential of machines to replace workers, technological progress has always eliminated some specific jobs. But in the meantime, it also has created new opportunities for human employment, at an even faster rate.

　　Robots are very likely to permeate much of our daily life in the coming years, but it is not necessary to worry they will snatch jobs from us, because we will assign more challenging jobs to them.

　　【解析】

　　本題要求考生圍繞“在未來，越來越多的人工勞動將被機器取代會是怎樣一番情景”寫一篇作文，考生既可以闡述其積極的一面，也可以論述其不利的一面。根據(jù)題目要求，可以采取以下布局;

　　第一段;提出人們對機器人所持的不同態(tài)度，并表明自己的立場。機器人替代體力勞動和腦力勞動讓我們的生活更加輕松快樂。

　　第二段：具體從兩個方面來分析機器人取代人力勞動的積極意義。

　　第三段：總結(jié)全文，指出機器人不會搶走我們的工作，因為我們會讓它們做更多的事。 聽力 Section A 參考答案

　　1 What position does the woman hold in the company?

　　[D]【解析】對話一開頭男士就問女士做市場調(diào)查顧問有多久了，可見女士在公司的職位是市場調(diào)査顧問。因此 D 項為答案。

　　【干擾項排除】①選項都是關(guān)于職位的內(nèi)容，預(yù)測問題問職業(yè)。②A 項“項目組織者”、B 項“公共關(guān)系職員”以及 C 項“營銷經(jīng)理”都沒有在對話中提及，只是利用錄音的個別字詞 organize, project, relationship 作干擾，故均予以排除。

　　2 What does the woman specialize in at the moment?

　　[A]【解析】對話中女士在被男士問到對什么感興趣時，女士回答說目前專攻量化廣告研究。

　　A 項的表述與女士的意思一致，故為正確答案。

　　【干擾項排除】①選項都是關(guān)于研究、設(shè)計、培訓(xùn)等內(nèi)容，聽音時留意相關(guān)信息。②B 項“調(diào)查問卷設(shè)計”和 C 項“研究方法論”都不是目前女士專攻的內(nèi)容，是女士回答“和新客戶建立良好關(guān)系要經(jīng)歷什么過程”這個問題時涉及到的，故排除;D 項“面試者培訓(xùn)”只是利用對話中出現(xiàn)的 interviewer 一詞作干擾，故排除。

　　3 What does the woman say about trackers?

　　[D]【解析】對話中女士提到兩個項目，其中之一是有關(guān)追蹤系統(tǒng)，女士的解釋為：這是個正在進行的項目，研究很長一段時期內(nèi)的趨勢或客戶滿意度。D 項中的 study 是錄音原文中 look at 的同義替換，故為正確答案。

　　【干擾項排除】①選項的主語都是 They,聽錄音時要留意其指代什么事物及其相關(guān)信息。②A 項“它們是對人們消費習(xí)慣的集中研究”、B 項“它們調(diào)查生產(chǎn)者和顧客之間的關(guān)系”以及 C 項“它們尋找促銷產(chǎn)品的有效的新方法”都不屬于追蹤系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)容，故均予以排除。 4 What does the woman dislike about her job?

　　[B]【解析】對話末尾，女士對于最后一個問題——工作上喜歡和不喜歡的分別是什么的回答是：工作上的多樣性對于我來說是重要的，至于不喜歡的內(nèi)容就是圖表的核對了。B 項的表述與女士的意思一致，故為正確答案。

　　【干擾項排除】①選項分別為關(guān)于晉升機會、設(shè)計調(diào)查問卷和檢查圖表等的名詞短語，推測題目可能與工作相關(guān)。②C 項“設(shè)計調(diào)查問卷”是和新客戶建立良好關(guān)系需要做的，并沒有提到是女士不喜歡的工作內(nèi)容，故排除;A 項“缺乏晉升機會”和 D 項“持續(xù)的緊張”都未在對話中提及，故排除。

　　5 What does the woman want Frederick to talk about?

　　[A] 【解析】對話一開頭女士就請 Frederick 解釋對于加拿大的大學(xué)的看法，由此可知，女士是想讓 Frederick 討論他對加拿大的大學(xué)的看法。A 項的表述與女士的意思一致，故為正確答案。

　　【干擾項排除】①選項都是關(guān)于 his 的內(nèi)容，聽錄音時要留意男士的相關(guān)信息。②女士只是想讓男士談下他對于加拿大的大學(xué)的看法，而不是想知道男士對于高等教育的理解，故 B 項錯誤;C 項“他對于高等教育改進的建議”未在對話中提及，故排除;D 項“他對于美國大學(xué)官僚的主義的抱怨”摻雜女士對于美國大學(xué)的看法，屬于張冠李戴，故予以排除。 6 What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?

　　[B] 【解析】對話中男士說到在加拿大，教育部負責(zé)設(shè)計大學(xué)的課程，沒有太多靈活變通的空間，也就是說加拿大的大學(xué)課程是相當(dāng)不靈活的。B 項中的 rather inflexible 是錄音原文中 not much room for flexibility 的同義替換，故為正確答案。

　　【干擾項排除】①選項都是關(guān)于 It 的描述，聽錄音時要注意 It 指代什么及其相關(guān)信息。②錄音只提到加拿大的大學(xué)課程由教育部設(shè)計，沒有提到設(shè)計的質(zhì)量怎么樣、各大學(xué)課程表有何不同以及有何重大改變，故 A 項“它設(shè)計得很好”、C 項“它在不同的大學(xué)不一樣”和 D

　　項“它經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化”均予以排除。

　　7 On what point do the speakers agree?

　　[C] 【解析】對話中女士說在美國有一個問題，就是通常只有有錢人家的孩子才能上最好的學(xué)校，男士對此表示贊同，并且講到不能給予每個人平等的教育機會確實是個問題。由此看來，他們都認為每個人都應(yīng)該被給予平等的機會去接受高等教育，故選 C 項。

　　【干擾項排除】①選項中出現(xiàn) universities、education、 institutions 等關(guān)鍵詞，推測問題可能與大學(xué)教育相關(guān)。②A 項“美國和加拿大可以互相學(xué)習(xí)”，關(guān)于借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)，男子只提到我們或許可以向日本學(xué)習(xí)，故排除。對話最后男士講到很難說哪種大學(xué)更好，女士也表示認同，所以 B 項“公立大學(xué)比私立大學(xué)更優(yōu)越”錯誤。錄音中男士談及加拿大公立大學(xué)的辦事效率低的問題，而女士提到美國的私立大學(xué)同樣存在官僚的主義，所以無從判斷哪種大學(xué)更有效率，故排除 D 項“私立學(xué)校比公立機構(gòu)更有效率”。

　　8 What point does the man make at the end of the conversation?

　　[C]【解析】對話最后男士得出結(jié)論：很難說公立大學(xué)和私立大學(xué)哪一個更好，因此，C 項為正確答案。

　　【干擾項排除】①四個選項都是圍繞大學(xué)這個話題展開，聽錄音時要注意相關(guān)信息。②錄音談及三個國家以及它們不同的大學(xué)制度，但男子并沒有就此得出結(jié)論“大學(xué)制度隨著國家的不同而不同”，故排除 A 項。B 項“效率對于大學(xué)管理來說至關(guān)重要”，男子雖然談及公立大學(xué)的管理效率問題，但他沒有說效率是至關(guān)重要的，故排除 B 項。D 項“美國的很多私立大學(xué)實際上都是巨大的官僚機構(gòu)”是女士的看法，而不是男士的結(jié)論，故排除。

　　Section B 參考答案

　　9 What is the International Labor Organization's report mainly about?

　　[B]【解析】錄音開頭提到，國際勞工組織最近的一份報告指出，世界各地實際工資水平的惡化情況讓人質(zhì)疑經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的真實程度，B 項的 worsening real wage 是錄音中的 deterioration of real wages 的同義替換，因此本題選 B 項。

　　【干擾項排除】①選項均為有一定概括性的名詞短語，推測本題有可能是主旨類的題目。②

　　A 項“政府在解決經(jīng)濟危機過程中所起的作用”是利用錄音中個別詞編造的干擾項，并非該報告的主要內(nèi)容;C 項的 indications 和 economic recovery 雖在錄音中有出現(xiàn)過，但經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的征兆并非主題，且錄音并沒有單指美國經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的情況，故 C 項不選;D 項“當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟危機對人們生活的影響”，當(dāng)下應(yīng)該是經(jīng)濟危機后的恢復(fù)時期，而非 current economic crisis，由此可排除。

　　10 According to an International Labor Organization's specialist, how will employers feel if there are more people looking for jobs?

　　[A]【解析】錄音提到，這位專家認為，當(dāng)更多人失業(yè)，就有更多人求職，雇主在提升工資吸引員工方面的壓力便隨之下降，A 項的 less pressure 是錄音中 pressure... will decline 的同義表達，故選 A 項。

　　【干擾項排除】①選項的主語都是 They,根據(jù) raise employees' wages, choose... employees, expand... business operations 等關(guān)鍵詞，推測 They 應(yīng)該指雇主，聽音時留意關(guān)于雇主的信息。②B 項“他們可以隨意選擇最合適的員工”、C 項“他們想擴展其經(jīng)營范圍”和 D 項“他們在跟對手競爭時會更有信心”均未在錄音中提及。