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英語(yǔ)閱讀理解與完形的資料和必看技巧
英語(yǔ)閱讀理解與完形的資料和必看技巧1
完形的命題有個(gè)很明顯的變化趨勢(shì)——淡化語(yǔ)法，著重篇章語(yǔ)境的理解和上下文邏輯的推理。
一，單純考察語(yǔ)法的題目只有兩道且難度較低：45題，All ___ them the rain was pouring down… 表達(dá)“人置身于大雨中”用介詞around;48題，… he found ___ at the ranch gate. Raul發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已回到家門口，用反身代詞himself。
二，換句話說，剩下大部分題目都要求對(duì)篇章語(yǔ)境的理解。在這里，我把這類“語(yǔ)境題”分為三個(gè)層次：
1，上下文直接提示，這是最簡(jiǎn)單的。
例如42題，There stood a tall, white ___. An old man stared down at him from its back. 這里說明這個(gè)“又白又高”的是老人的坐騎，那么到底是騎的什么呢?后面的Raul followed on his horse徹底給出了答案。
2，上下文給出暗示，須要我們抓住線索再稍作推理。
還是以42題這兩句為例，老人是騎在tall馬上面的，盯著Raul看也是stare down的，Raul又是個(gè)小孩兒，推出：他看老人應(yīng)該是昂著頭的了。所以41題，He ___. 選A, looked up。
3，完全地語(yǔ)境考察。就是說，單看文章某一處無(wú)法得出結(jié)論，要結(jié)合多句話甚至全篇才能確定某事物的印象、性質(zhì)、情感色彩等，這是“語(yǔ)境題”最難的一種。
縱觀全文，盡管老頭的出場(chǎng)很生猛，但隨著情節(jié)的發(fā)展，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他并沒做什么邪惡可怕的事情，不僅把Raul送回了家，還在臨別時(shí)微笑著揮手致意，這些點(diǎn)滴幫助我們拼湊出一個(gè)和藹可親的老人形象，給人以好的正向的感覺。那么43題，the old man answered ___. 老人是以怎樣的態(tài)度回答Raul的呢?B, C選項(xiàng)的angrily和coldly(冷淡地)兩個(gè)負(fù)向的不好的副詞，明顯與老人的形象沖突，排除。A選項(xiàng)的'lazily更是沒有任何根據(jù)，排除。而老人家說話做事都慢一點(diǎn)倒是講得通，故選擇D選項(xiàng)的slowly。
三，完形還有一大類的題型就是詞義辨析。這類題的特點(diǎn)是：
1，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填在原文空處，語(yǔ)法上都合情合理，只有根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)取舍。
例如51題，Raul’s father ran out across the yard to ___ him. “we have been worried about you. Are you okay? … ”這道題錯(cuò)誤率極高，許多同學(xué)都被父親“are you okay?”這一問誤導(dǎo)，選了D選項(xiàng)的ask。其實(shí)大家靜下來(lái)仔細(xì)一想，都不難能體會(huì)：平常親朋好友相聚重逢，總免不了噓寒問暖，但整個(gè)過程根本的核心是“逢(meet)”這個(gè)本質(zhì)目的，而不是“問(ask)”這個(gè)表面形式。外面天氣惡劣，兒子沒按時(shí)回家，做父親的心急如焚，突然看見孩子出現(xiàn)在大門口，趕緊沖出去，一路小跑，穿過整個(gè)院子，這一系列動(dòng)作的最終目的僅僅是為了問上這么一句嗎?不是。而是為了和兒子見面重逢啊!(大家也可以試想如果父親是個(gè)啞巴，他這時(shí)就不沖出去了嗎?：)所以選擇B選項(xiàng)的meet。
2，在正確理解上下文后，還剩下不止一個(gè)詞貌似符合此處語(yǔ)境，要求我們能品味出詞與詞之間的細(xì)微差別，選出的一個(gè)。
這類題型難度較高，原因一：完全依靠自身的英文素養(yǎng)(內(nèi)功)，臨場(chǎng)做題時(shí)，知道就是知道，不知道就是不知道，無(wú)太多技巧可言。原因二：多年學(xué)習(xí)過程中，中學(xué)教材單詞表和電子詞典的簡(jiǎn)單中文釋義，讓同學(xué)們“知道”了許多單詞，“吃透”的卻很少。一個(gè)“打擊、打中”可以想到defeat, catch, damage, strike… 一串單詞，確不知道其中區(qū)別。這次的55題，考察的就是Gray老頭曾被雷劈過，這個(gè)“劈”用哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞最合適。
A, defeated這個(gè)“打”主要的意思是“擊敗”，潛臺(tái)詞有過一場(chǎng)較量，而人是不可能跟雷電交上手的。B, caught (catch)有“抓住、擊中”的意思，細(xì)細(xì)體會(huì)，它有“經(jīng)過追逐，終于catch”的意味。選catch就成了：雷一直追著老頭劈，直至劈中，這個(gè)閃電也太執(zhí)著了吧?!C, damaged的意思偏向于“損害”，尤其是對(duì)物和財(cái)產(chǎn)造成的損失，不合適。D, struck (strike)的意思是“打擊”，有非常迅速的意味，剛好與閃電的特點(diǎn)相符，故選D
英語(yǔ)閱讀理解與完形的資料和必看技巧2
高考專家建議：首先要以很快的速度瀏覽全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看選項(xiàng)。解答完型必須從全文角度出發(fā)，然后才是分散到單個(gè)句子，完型比較忌諱直接上手就做，沒有通覽全文，大致明白文章描述什么。當(dāng)然，個(gè)別基礎(chǔ)過硬的學(xué)生除外。
特訓(xùn)：尋找解題暗示關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)
1.瀏覽全文時(shí)要重點(diǎn)了解文中所敘述關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)(解題關(guān)鍵：題目暗示點(diǎn))：人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件，即who，when，where，what。完形填空命題的原則一般是第一句話不挖空，目的是使讀者進(jìn)入語(yǔ)境，因此一定要認(rèn)真閱讀這句話。
例如：Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?
這句話的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是Why、where、between。
記住要點(diǎn)1：指代必有暗示、轉(zhuǎn)折或關(guān)聯(lián)必有暗示、介詞必有暗示(多考察詞組)
2.根據(jù)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展選詞，確定所填的詞與文中哪個(gè)詞有關(guān)系以及動(dòng)作是在什么場(chǎng)合發(fā)生的。
記住要點(diǎn)2：關(guān)注動(dòng)詞(看對(duì)象場(chǎng)合和介詞)，尤其是選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)詞的情況下，關(guān)注對(duì)象。
3.詞義辨析時(shí)，我們根據(jù)詞性來(lái)決定選項(xiàng)。英語(yǔ)是句子決定單詞，不是單詞決定句子。
記住要點(diǎn)3：詞義辨析，主語(yǔ)或?qū)ο笫前凳娟P(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，3個(gè)有共同點(diǎn)(詞性)，可以一起大膽排除。
4.平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)，將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查，考試時(shí)因?yàn)闀r(shí)間關(guān)系可以自己選擇做不做這項(xiàng)工作。(“字面譯、通邏輯、搞代入、全文譯”)。
記住要點(diǎn)4：純粹為了訓(xùn)練找解題關(guān)鍵，看看自己所參照的原文或暗示詞是否定位準(zhǔn)確，上下文是否連貫。
題目暗示點(diǎn)總結(jié)：指代詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞、主語(yǔ)、介詞、動(dòng)詞、轉(zhuǎn)折、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、對(duì)象(賓語(yǔ))
案例說明：
1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very?very_____.
A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous
轉(zhuǎn)折必有暗示，根據(jù)but的提示，所填入的詞應(yīng)與shallow相反，因此答案為A。
2)Mrs O’Neill asked_____questions?and she didn’t scold us either.
A. no B. certain C. many D. more
關(guān)聯(lián)必有暗示，根據(jù)and的提示，又發(fā)現(xiàn)后面either的暗示，我們可以明確所填的詞也應(yīng)是一個(gè)否定意義的`詞，因此答案是A。
3)Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_____so much money.
A. for B. by C. to D. of
本題考查詞組，選項(xiàng)是介詞，我們參考動(dòng)詞helped himself，一一搭配，只有C表示“自取、拿”，故選C。
4)Soon I heard a_____like that of a door burst in?and then a climb of feet.
A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout
詞義辨析題，題目中“I”不是主語(yǔ)、“a door burst”才是真正的主語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)詞都表示不同的聲音，但B，C，D項(xiàng)的三個(gè)詞都是指從嗓子里發(fā)出的聲音，而sound則表示各種各樣的聲音。因此答案是A。
5)And video cameras can be used to_____people’s actions at home.
A. keep B. make C. record D. watch
主語(yǔ)是暗示點(diǎn)， video cameras能做的動(dòng)作是記錄。故選C。
6)It has been many years since I was last in London?_____I still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and B. for C. but D. as
時(shí)間暗示：根據(jù)句前的many years和句后的still remember答案應(yīng)選表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but.
7) (Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the_____hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C.plant D. nearest
rushed to提示：在這樣的緊急情況下，人們的第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī)，因此答案為D。
完型得高分并不困難，只要記住兩件事：第一先通覽全文，第二找準(zhǔn)暗示，即可獲得非常給力的分?jǐn)?shù)。
英語(yǔ)閱讀理解與完形的資料和必看技巧3
1.“看”：look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV
2.“說”：telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason /talk/persuadesb into doing sth; bargain; chat; repeat; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny; describe; announce; introduce; complain
3.“叫”：cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel
4.“問”：ask; interview; express; question
5.“答”：answer; respond; reply
6.“聽”：listen to; hear; pick up; overhear
7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing
8.“哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying
9.“吃/喝”：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to
10. “穿”：put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make up; get changed; be in red; take off ; remove
11.“行”：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl
12.“坐”：sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat，stand; lean
13.“睡/休息”：lie /on one’s back/on one's side/ on one’s stomach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest
14.“寫”：dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down
15.“拿/放”： take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push
16.“抓”：take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch
17.“打”：hit; beat; strike; blow; attack
18.“扔”：throw; drop; fall; wave; shake
19.“送”：send; deliver; give; offer; see off
20.“摸/抱”：ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms
21.“踢/碰”：kick; knock; tip
22.“找/查”：find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for;seek,seek for in search of; search sb; search sp. for sth; check; examine; test; inspect
23.“得”：get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess
24.“失”：lose; be lost /be missing/gone; great loss
25.“有”：have; own; conquer; occupy;possess
26.“無(wú)”：nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone
27.“增/減”：rise / go up,drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease
28.“買/賣”：buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts
29.“存在/消失”：come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show; turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight
30.“變化”：develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour;turn + colour; change /change into; reform
31.“成功/失敗”：make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize one’s dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth. into reality
32.“努力”：try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do one's best; do as much as one can to do
33.祝賀：congratulate sb. on sth.; celebrate; observe; get together
34.敬佩：admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy ;be jealousy
35.贊美/批評(píng)：praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize /scold sb. for sth.; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of
36. 喜/惡：like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike hate; ignore
37.到達(dá)：arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave for
38.受傷：hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss
39.損壞：damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken
40.修復(fù)： repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself
41.“認(rèn)識(shí)的過程” ：feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to
42.認(rèn)為;判斷：think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt
43.想/考慮：think of…as...; think about; consider; think over
44.支持/反對(duì)：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/ against
45.花費(fèi)：sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ (in) doing sth; sb+afford +n/to do sth ; It +takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some money for sth.
46.省/存錢：save /save up; set aside; put away
47.參加：take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against
48.控告：accuse sb. of; charge sb. with
49.救治/幫助： help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth.; treat; cure sb. of sth; aid sb in doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth;assist sb in doing sth
50.逃避：run away; escape from; flee; hide
51.阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stop sb. from doing sth; forbid doing sth.; ban; prohibit
52.對(duì)付/處理：handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle
53.效仿：copy; imitate; learn from; learn
54.爆發(fā)/發(fā)生：come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode
55.安裝/裝備：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with
56.追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with
57.建議：advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade
58. 打算：plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do
59.似乎/好象：seem; appear; look like;as if /as though
60.開辦/關(guān)閉：open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down
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