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2024屆高考英語閱讀改錯提升訓練科普知識

　　高考英語閱讀改錯部分是一個測試考生對英語語法、詞匯、句子結構以及篇章理解能力的重要環(huán)節(jié)。下面是小編收集整理的2024屆高考英語閱讀改錯提升訓練科普知識，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

2024屆高考英語閱讀改錯提升訓練科普知識

　　科普知識

　　維A1 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分分)

　　高考曾用材料：2012大綱全國卷ⅡB篇

　　選材相似度：★★★

　　設題相似度：★★★

　　難度系數(shù)：★★★★★

　　Scientists at Royal Holloway，University of London and Queen Mary，University of London have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers even if they discover the flowers in a different order.Bees are effectively solving the “traveling salesman problem”，and they are the first creatures found to do this.

　　The traveling salesman must find the shortest route that allows him to visit all locations on his route.Computers solve it by comparing the length of all possible routes and choosing the shortest，and it can keep computers busy for days.However，bees solve it without computer assistance using a brain the size of grass seed.

　　Dr.Nigel Raine，from the School of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway explains，“Bees solve traveling salesman problems every day.They visit flowers at multiple locations and because bees use lots of energy to fly，they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum.”

　　The team used the computer to control artificial flowers to test whether bees would follow a route defined by the order in which they discovered the flowers or if they would find the shortest route.After exploring the location of the flowers，bees quickly learned to fly the shortest route.

　　As well as improving our understanding of how bees move around the landscape pollinating crops and wild flowers，this research，which is due to be published in The American Naturalist，has other applications.Our lifestyle relies on networks such as traffic on the roads，information flow on the Web and business supply chains.By understanding how bees can solve their problems with such a tiny brain，we can improve our management of these everyday networks without needing lots of computer time.Dr.Raine adds，“Despite their tiny brains bees are capable of extraordinary feats of behavior.We need to understand how they can solve the traveling salesman problem without a computer.”

　　Note：

　　pollinate vt.授粉

　　【語篇解讀】英國的科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，蜜峰在花叢中飛行時，總是能夠找到最近的路線，這個“銷售員旅行難題”即使電腦也需要好幾天才能解決。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1.What would be the best title of the passage?

　　A. Bees help salesmen travel

　　B.Troybrained bees solve a complex mathematical problem

　　C.How bees discover the flowers

　　D.How to solve the “traveling salesman problem”

　　答案　B　[主旨大意題�！颁N售員旅行難題”用計算機也得需要幾天才能解決，而蜜峰毫不費力地就能在花叢中找到最近的飛行路線，故B項作為文章的標題最貼切、生動。]

　　2.We may infer from the second paragraph that the “traveling salesman problem” ________.

　　A.can be solved by a computer easily

　　B.cant even be solved by a computer

　　C.can puzzle both people and computers

　　D.remains to be solved by scientists

　　答案　C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，銷售員在出發(fā)之前必須找到合適的路線，這個“銷售員旅行難題”即使電腦也需要好幾天才能解決。]

　　3.The main purpose of the last paragraph is to ________.

　　A.provide further proof for the research

　　B.tell us how bees can fly the shortest route between flowers

　　C.tell us how the research about bees flying route was conducted

　　D.explain the significance of the research

　　答案　D　[推理判斷題。最后一段說明了蜜峰飛行路線研究的意義和目的，是為了幫助我們在實際生活中更好地節(jié)省時間和精力。]

　　4.It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

　　A.all creatures are smarter than computers

　　B.the research about bees flying route can be applied to many fields

　　C.our networks are more complex than bees ones

　　D.with the help of the computer we can find out how bees can solve the “traveling salesman problem”

　　答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出對蜜峰飛行路線的研究可以應用到其他領域中。]

　　維A2 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分分)

　　選材網(wǎng)站：www.cnielts.com/topic

　　高考曾用材料：2012新課標全國卷D篇

　　選材相似度：★★★★

　　設題相似度：★★★

　　難度系數(shù)：★★★★★

　　If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed，it is found to vary only slightly from place to place.Nevertheless，some of these small changes are important.There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity.One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor.In this manner the salinity is increased，since the salts stay behind.If this is carried to the extreme，of course，white crystals of salt would be left behind.

　　The opposite of evaporation is precipitation，such as rain，by which water is added to the ocean.Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased.This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean.Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation，or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.

　　Normally，in tropical regions where the sun is very strong，the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.Similarly，in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea，salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

　　A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice.When sea water is frozen，the dissolved materials are left behind.In this manner，sea water directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared.Of course，when this ice melts，it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.

　　In the Weddell Sea Antarctica，the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process，which increases the salinity of cold water.This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.

　　Notes：

　　salinity n.鹽度�、赾onversion n.轉化　③dilute vt.淡化

　　【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。全文首先說明了為什么海水的含鹽量很高，接著又說明了世界各地海水的含鹽量是不一樣的，例如降雨量小的地方含鹽量高，而降雨量大的地方含鹽量低。海水的含鹽量也與海水的蒸發(fā)量以及結冰程度有關。

　　1. What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean?

　　A.Escape. B.Decrease. C.Pollution. D.Increase.

　　答案　B　[猜測詞義題。由畫線詞語所在句子可知，“evaluation”與畫線詞語的意義相關，蒸發(fā)后海水量一定會“減少”。]

　　2.Generally speaking，where has the higher salinity in the world?

　　A.The tropical regions. B.The polar region.

　　C.The temperate zone. D.The frigid zone.

　　答案　A　[細節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一句“Normally，in tropical regions where the sun is very strong，the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.”可知，通常熱帶地區(qū)的海水鹽度較高，因為那里海水的蒸發(fā)量大。]

　　3.Which of the following statements is RIGHT?

　　A.The salinity of ocean waters is the same from place to place.

　　B.If the change of the salinity of ocean waters is small，it always doesnt matter.

　　C.Rain can lower the salinity of ocean waters.

　　D.When the sea ice is formed，the salinity of ocean waters is lower.

　　答案　C　[細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句“The opposite of evaporation is precipitation，such as rain，by which water is added to the ocean.”可知，雨水可以降低海水的鹽度。]

　　4.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

　　A.Ocean Waters

　　B.The Changeable Ocean Waters

　　C.How to analyze the Salinity of Ocean Waters

　　D.The Salinity of Ocean Waters

　　答案　B　[主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了影響海水鹽度的三種因素：蒸發(fā)、稀釋以及冰山的形成和消融。]

　　維B 短文改錯(每題1.5分，滿分15分)

　　下面文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。

　　注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

　　2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

　　One day a lady sees a mouse running across her kitchen floor.She was very afraid of mouses，so she ran out of the house and went into a shop there mousetraps were sold.The shopkeeper said to her，“Put some cheese in it，you will soon catch that mouse.” The lady went to home with her mousetrap.But when she looked in her cupboard，she could not find some cheese in it.She did not want to go back to the shop，unless it was too late.She cut a picture of some cheese out of a magazine and put it in the trap.In her surprise，the picture of cheese was quite successfully!When the lady came down to the kitchen a next morning she found a picture of a mouse in the trap beside the picture of the cheese!

　　One day a lady a mouse running across her kitchen floor.She was very afraid of ，so she ran out of the house and went into a shop mousetraps were sold.The shopkeeper said to her，“Put some cheese in it， you will soon catch that mouse.”The lady went to \ home with her mousetrap.But when she looked in her cupboard，she could not find cheese in it.She did not want to go back to the shop， it was too late.She cut a picture of some cheese out of a magazine and put it in the trap. her surprise，the picture of cheese was quite !When the lady came down to the kitchen next morning she found a picture of a mouse in the trap beside the picture of the cheese!

　　高考英語閱讀改錯提升訓練的科普知識：

　　理解題型要求：

　　閱讀改錯要求考生在閱讀一篇短文后，找出并改正其中的語法錯誤、詞匯錯誤、邏輯錯誤等。

　　每篇短文通常包含10個錯誤，且每個錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

　　掌握常見錯誤類型：

　　冠詞錯誤：如a和an的誤用，a/an和the的混淆等。

　　時態(tài)錯誤：確保文章中的時態(tài)使用一致，且與上下文語境相符。

　　非謂語動詞錯誤：注意不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時的正確使用。

　　虛詞選擇錯誤：如介詞、副詞的誤用、缺少或多余。

　　連詞誤用：如or與and，and與but的混淆等。

　　固定結構誤用：如so that被誤用作very that等。

　　代詞使用錯誤：如you與your，it’s與its，it與they/them的混淆。