專(zhuān)四英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作技巧
專(zhuān)四指全稱(chēng)為全國(guó)高校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試。小編整理的專(zhuān)四英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作技巧，大家不要錯(cuò)過(guò)哦!
1. 靈活改變句子開(kāi)頭
在通常情況下，英語(yǔ)句子的排列方式為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”，即主語(yǔ)位于句子開(kāi)頭. 適當(dāng)使用名言警句點(diǎn)綴頭。但若根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)改變句子的開(kāi)頭方式，比如使用倒?fàn)钫Z(yǔ)或以狀語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭等，會(huì)使文章增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)力。如：
(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.
→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
在小山頂上有一座古廟。
(2) You can do it well only in this way.
→ Only in this way can you do it well.
只有這樣你才能把它做好。
(3) A young woman sat by the window.
→ By the window sat a young woman.
窗戶(hù)邊坐著一個(gè)年輕婦女。
2. 避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語(yǔ)
為了使表達(dá)更生動(dòng)，更富表現(xiàn)力，同學(xué)們?cè)趯?xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)盡量避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常談的詞語(yǔ)。如有的同學(xué)一看到“喜歡”二字，就會(huì)立刻想起like，事實(shí)上，英語(yǔ)中表示類(lèi)似意思的詞和短語(yǔ)很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：
I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
我喜歡看書(shū)，而我的兄弟卻喜歡看電視。
3. 合理使用省略句
合理恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂檬÷跃�，不僅可以使文章精練、簡(jiǎn)潔，而且會(huì)使文章更具文采和可讀性。如：
(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?
→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以后再來(lái)拜訪(fǎng)。要是不忙，我現(xiàn)在可以見(jiàn)他嗎?
(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.
→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.
如果天氣好，我們就去;如果天氣不好，我們就不去了。
(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.
→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.
她本可申請(qǐng)這份工作的，但她沒(méi)有。
4. 適當(dāng)運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)通常被認(rèn)為是一種高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，適當(dāng)運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，會(huì)給人一種熟練駕馭語(yǔ)言的印象。如：
(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.
→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
聽(tīng)了這消息他們都高興得跳了起來(lái)。
(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址，我沒(méi)法和她聯(lián)系。
(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
他出生農(nóng)民家庭，只上過(guò)兩年學(xué)。
5. 結(jié)合使用長(zhǎng)句與短句
在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，過(guò)多地使用長(zhǎng)句或過(guò)多地使用短句都不好。正確的做法是，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況在文章中交替使用長(zhǎng)句與短語(yǔ)，使文章顯得錯(cuò)落有致，這樣不僅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章讀起來(lái)鏗鏘有力。如：
At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.
→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.
中午我們曬著太陽(yáng)吃野餐。休息一會(huì)兒后，我們唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，還有的講笑話(huà)、下棋，大家玩得很開(kāi)心。
6. 適當(dāng)使用短語(yǔ)代替單詞
(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.
→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.
他已決定長(zhǎng)大了當(dāng)老師。
(2) He doesn't like music.
→ He doesn't care much for music.
他不大喜歡音樂(lè)。
(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.
→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.
他告訴我問(wèn)題現(xiàn)正正在討論中。
7. 恰當(dāng)套用某些固定表達(dá)
(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.
→ He was too tired to walk any farther.
他太累了，不能再往前走了。
(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.
→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.
這電影很有趣，學(xué)生和老師都很喜歡。
(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.
→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.
你的兒子已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大，可以自己照顧自己了。
8. 綜合使用各類(lèi)所謂的“高級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.
→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.
現(xiàn)在人人都知道這消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。
(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.
→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.
我們所能做的只是站在那兒，設(shè)法抓住違章者。
(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.
→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.
如果她的語(yǔ)音不比她的老師好的話(huà)，至少也不會(huì)比她老師的差。
9. 適當(dāng)使用名言警句點(diǎn)綴
在寫(xiě)作時(shí)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況恰當(dāng)?shù)赜蒙弦粌删涿跃鋪?lái)點(diǎn)綴文章，不僅使文章顯得有深度、有智慧，而且會(huì)讓文章在評(píng)分中上一個(gè)“得分檔次”。如：
(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.
(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.
(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”
10、認(rèn)真審題磨刀不誤砍柴工。
審題至關(guān)重要，考生最好先花兩三分鐘時(shí)間進(jìn)行構(gòu)思，既有利于理清行文思路、也避免了差之毫厘、失之千里的遺憾。所謂審題，就是通過(guò)閱讀寫(xiě)作題目或所給的閱讀材料和要求，正確領(lǐng)會(huì)題目的含義，了解題目要求，為構(gòu)思符合寫(xiě)作要求的文章思路及框架打下基礎(chǔ)。審題不是僅僅瀏覽一個(gè)標(biāo)題，而是要兼顧觀(guān)點(diǎn)、情景、標(biāo)題、寫(xiě)作要求等因素。只有這樣，才能真正明確寫(xiě)作目的，領(lǐng)會(huì)寫(xiě)作要求。
11、注意行文的'統(tǒng)一性和連貫性
行文的統(tǒng)一性和連貫性主要體現(xiàn)在作文的內(nèi)容和框架結(jié)構(gòu)上，一篇優(yōu)秀的作文應(yīng)該具備這樣的特點(diǎn)，它也是閱卷老師評(píng)分的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。按照寫(xiě)作要求，一篇合格的作文由三個(gè)部分組成。具體如下：
第一部分(the first part)應(yīng)明確、清楚地闡述作者的論點(diǎn)(thesis statement)。
第二部分(the second part)是作文的主體。該部分要求通過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)篇模式(如cause and effect，comparison and contrast，等等)來(lái)論證前面提出的論點(diǎn)。論證的過(guò)程要做到結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、層次分明、合乎邏輯。要在寫(xiě)作中抓住中心，并圍繞中心展開(kāi)討論;觀(guān)點(diǎn)的闡述要合乎情理，觀(guān)點(diǎn)之間的銜接要自然、順暢。
第三部分(the last part)是作文的結(jié)尾。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，結(jié)尾部分的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是對(duì)前面部分的總結(jié)，因此，它應(yīng)與前面部分保持論點(diǎn)上的一致性和統(tǒng)一性。結(jié)尾部分千萬(wàn)不要牛頭不對(duì)馬嘴，前后無(wú)連貫性，從而破壞作文的完整性，影響考試的得分。
12、注意語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范性和準(zhǔn)確性
作文的思想內(nèi)容都必須通過(guò)語(yǔ)言形式來(lái)表達(dá)。專(zhuān)四作文要求語(yǔ)言得體、通順，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。如果作文句不成句，用詞不當(dāng)，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤連篇，就很難將作者的意圖表達(dá)清楚。
在歷年考試中，好的作文跟差的作文相比，常出現(xiàn)如下區(qū)別：①簡(jiǎn)單句少。②從句和連詞出現(xiàn)的頻率明顯更高。③更多使用各種呼應(yīng)。④關(guān)鍵詞和同義、近義詞出現(xiàn)的頻率更高。
13、保持卷面整潔卷面應(yīng)保持整潔，給閱讀老師留下良好的第一印象。
卷面書(shū)寫(xiě)字跡要工整、清楚，排列要規(guī)整，不要將卷面寫(xiě)得密密麻麻，字體不宜過(guò)大或過(guò)小。每段開(kāi)頭都應(yīng)空出四個(gè)字母的位置。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用及書(shū)寫(xiě)要規(guī)范，切不可一逗到底或沒(méi)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)。
考前應(yīng)多練習(xí)，多看好的寫(xiě)作范文，爭(zhēng)取在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)快速提升英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力。
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