案例英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作思路解讀考研淺析命題
下面�？佳�英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)老師為廣大2015年考研淺析考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的命題范圍、思路，并付諸例題進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的解讀，教大家如何做好考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作。
命題范圍——題材現(xiàn)實(shí)性
透過(guò)對(duì)近幾年研究生入學(xué)考試作文命題題材的分析、歸類(lèi)研究，我們可以得出一個(gè)明確的結(jié)論：寫(xiě)作的題材具有顯著的現(xiàn)實(shí)性。它們基本貼近考生的學(xué)習(xí)、工作及課余生活，或涉及當(dāng)前社會(huì)的變化、發(fā)展及進(jìn)步，從電視廣告到希望工程，從父母與子女的關(guān)系到擁有健康的重要性，從環(huán)保到文化，從世界煙民現(xiàn)狀到各行各業(yè)的—承諾—�？傊芯可雽W(xué)考試寫(xiě)作的題材一般都不會(huì)出現(xiàn)偏題、怪題等現(xiàn)象，也不會(huì)讓考生寫(xiě)一些他們不熟悉的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或者與學(xué)生生活缺乏聯(lián)系的科技題材。
命題思路
只要稍加留意就不難看出，寫(xiě)作命題的模式從1997年起，發(fā)生了很大的變化。
2000年的考題要求考生仔細(xì)閱讀和分析所給的兩幅漫畫(huà)，實(shí)際上要找出兩幅漫畫(huà)的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，題目還明確要求在作文中推斷作者的意圖，并且給出相應(yīng)的措施。2001年的.考題為圖畫(huà)加提綱式作文，要求考生結(jié)合圖畫(huà)和所給提綱以—愛(ài)心是一盞燈，在越黑暗的地方越明亮—為主題寫(xiě)出自己對(duì)所給圖畫(huà)的理解并舉特例說(shuō)明獻(xiàn)愛(ài)心的最佳途徑以及建議。
2005年考研大綱明確規(guī)定考生應(yīng)掌握應(yīng)用文這一體裁的寫(xiě)作。
2007年的寫(xiě)作B節(jié)圖畫(huà)作文涉及到心態(tài)方面的問(wèn)題，沒(méi)有了文字，開(kāi)放性繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)。這幅圖畫(huà)里面，面對(duì)著同一個(gè)射門(mén)的問(wèn)題，站在不同的角度，不同的守門(mén)員和進(jìn)攻的隊(duì)員，考生可以以自信作為主題寫(xiě)作，也可以從面對(duì)同一件事情，不同的角度、不同的位置能看到的東西不一樣，想法也是不一樣的這個(gè)角度來(lái)寫(xiě)。由于該圖畫(huà)比較抽象，可供學(xué)生發(fā)揮的空間較大。
2008年考研大作文的難度與2007年相比有所下降。作文畫(huà)面簡(jiǎn)單易懂，增加了文字信息。在要求就圖畫(huà)進(jìn)行描述，闡述含義之外，考生就主題進(jìn)行評(píng)論，這給了考生很大的自由度，因此降低了難度。第一段描述圖畫(huà)，第二段解釋這個(gè)圖畫(huà)的意義，第三段發(fā)表自己的評(píng)論，這其實(shí)是歷年考研的考法。
2009年至2014年的寫(xiě)作題仍一直延續(xù)這個(gè)思路。
作文類(lèi)型——模式化
分析歸納研究生入學(xué)考試寫(xiě)作部分，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，作文類(lèi)型趨于模式化，大致可分為四大類(lèi)型。
(1)觀點(diǎn)論證型
目前，這類(lèi)作文均先要求考生理解圖，然后提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。這類(lèi)作文是研究生考試寫(xiě)作中最常見(jiàn)的作文形式。如2007年關(guān)于面對(duì)同一個(gè)射門(mén)的問(wèn)題及2008~2013年的看圖作文。
(2)問(wèn)題解決型
這類(lèi)作文要求考生就所給出的信息描述情形，分析原因，然后提出自己的看法、對(duì)策或結(jié)論。如1999年、2000年和2001年的作文題。
(3)現(xiàn)象解釋型
這類(lèi)作文在研究生考試作文中較為常見(jiàn)。命題要求考生描述某一社會(huì)或客觀現(xiàn)象，并就其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)加以分析評(píng)論，然后得出考生個(gè)人的看法、態(tài)度或結(jié)論。如：2006年看圖作文題是關(guān)于—偶像崇拜—的。
(4)說(shuō)明利弊型
這一類(lèi)型的作文往往要求考生對(duì)兩件事物進(jìn)行比較，說(shuō)明其利弊，然后做出自己的判斷。這類(lèi)考題雖然在四六級(jí)考試中較為常見(jiàn)，但在歷年考研中只出現(xiàn)過(guò)一次。
樣卷判分實(shí)例(2007)
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use —Li Ming— instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160~220 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
�、� describe the drawing briefly,
② explain its intended meaning, and then
�、� support your view with an example/examples.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
范文
Part A
Dear Sir or Madam,
As a senior in this noted university, I have gained a great deal over the course of my studies; however, one regular source of dissatisfaction has been the disappointing services of our library.
First of all, the selection is much too narrow. There are a number of important books specific to certain majors that are not available in our library. This is very frustrating to students. I would suggest that those in charge of selecting publications should confer with every department to assess students? needs.
Secondly, students often have difficulty finding books. A new search system should be developed to allow students to search for books both by author and by title. New software would be necessary for this.
Last but not least, since a lot of publications cannot be taken out of the library, the university should consider extending its opening hours to at least 10 hours per day.
I sincerely hope that you will take time to consider my suggestions. Thank you very much for your attention to this letter.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
This cartoon depicts a picture of a football game with two players facing each other. One player is going to kick the ball while the goal keeper is standing in front of a goal, ready to protect it. But both parties are losing their confidence. The striker magnifies the goal?keeper in his mind so that chances of shooting in are slim. Likewise, the goal?keeper minimizes his own image as if he couldn?t defend the goal successfully.
Obviously, both of the players in the pictures don?t have enough confidence and if you have little confidence, how can you achieve your goal in life? The purpose of the picture is to emphasize the importance of self?confidence in our daily life. Confidence is very important in building a career. The belief of what one can achieve and succeed often spells the difference between success and failure. On account of the fast pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals. The past few years have witnessed great increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment. Thus we must maintain powerful self?confidence and optimism in the face of challenges so as to survive and succeed.
Confidence can be shown in the performance of many people. Take Liuxiang as an example. It is because of his self?confidence that he never shrinks in front of other experienced players and works wonders again and again. On the contrary, some athletes do well in everyday training, but when facing other people they fail to present the best of themselves for the lack of self?confidence. As the saying goes, confidence is the first step to success! Only by building strong self?confidence can we move closer to our dreams.
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