英語(yǔ)中什么是定語(yǔ)從句

　　定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定，就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。下面是小編為你收集整理的英語(yǔ)中什么是定語(yǔ)從句，一起來(lái)看看吧。

　　高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)

　　(一)定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)

　　1、關(guān)系代詞:who, whom, whose, which, that, as

　　2、關(guān)系副詞:when, where, why

　　關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用, 同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。

　　e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ))

　　The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語(yǔ))

　　3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法:1)當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who 作主語(yǔ),whom作賓語(yǔ);2)當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which ,可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);3)先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that ,可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);4)whose用作定語(yǔ),可指人或物;5)關(guān)系副詞when(指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),where(指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)),why(指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ))。

　　(二)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。

　　e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定語(yǔ)從句,意思就不完整)

　　2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),不能that用引導(dǎo)。

　　e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來(lái)翻譯)

　　(三)使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題

　　1、that與which的區(qū)別。

　　1)用that而不用 which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …;②先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

　　e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒(méi)有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

　　The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。

　　This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過(guò)的最好的一部。

　　Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國(guó)人。

　　2)用which而不用 that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;②代表整個(gè)主句的意思;③介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。

　　e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒(méi)有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。

　　This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過(guò)的房子。

　　3)as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法

　　①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。

　　e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。

　　Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。

　�、赼s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

　　e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

　　3)as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別

　�、佼�(dāng)主句和從句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí),用as;反之,用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.

　　He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

　�、诋�(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí),常用which引導(dǎo)。

　　e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.

　　2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。

　　e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利。

　　The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

　　3.定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個(gè)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)。

　　e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.

　　4. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用"介詞 + which"來(lái)代替。

　　e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.

　　5. 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開(kāi)。

　　e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.

　　6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介詞在句尾,關(guān)系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語(yǔ)中也可用who,且可省略。

　　e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.

　　高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句習(xí)題

　　一、把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句:

　　1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.

　　2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

　　3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.

　　4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.

　　5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.

　　6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

　　7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

　　8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

　　9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

　　10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

　　11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.

　　12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.

　　13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.

　　14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.

　　15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.

　　16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.

　　17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.

　　18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.

　　19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.

　　20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

　　二、根據(jù)句子意思,在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞,在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which:

　　1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.

　　2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.

　　3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

　　4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.

　　5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.

　　6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.

　　三、選擇填空:

　　1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.

　　A. who B. which C. whom D. when

　　2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.

　　A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

　　3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

　　A. that B. which C. what D. as

　　4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?

　　A. when B. where C. which D. who

　　5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.

　　A. which B. that C. whom D. as

　　6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.

　　A. whom B. which C. who D. when

　　7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?

　　A. when B. where C. which D. who

　　8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?

　　A. who B. / C. that D. when

　　9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.

　　A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who

　　10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.

　　A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which

　　11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.

　　A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking

　　C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking

　　12. The man ____ around our school is from America.

　　A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed

　　13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.

　　A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who

　　14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.

　　A. where B. who C. in which D. which

　　15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?

　　A. that B. whom C. when D. whose

　　16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

　　A. that B. which C. whatever D. all

　　17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

　　A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those

　　18. This is the very letter ____came last night.

　　A. who B. which C. that D. as

　　19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.

　　A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one

　　20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.

　　A. where B. / C. when D. what

　　21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.

　　A. where B. that C. which D. on which

　　22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.

　　A. which B. in which C. that D. /

　　23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.

　　A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which

　　24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?

　　A. that B. which C. its D. whose

　　25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person ____ she could turn for help.

　　A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom

　　26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?

　　A. the one B. which C. that D. where

　　27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?

　　A. the one B. where C. in which D. /

　　28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?

　　A. whose B. who C. whom D. which

　　29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.

　　A. it B. which C. that D. he

　　30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.

　　A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were

　　31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.

　　A. which B. whose C. where D. in that

　　32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.

　　A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it

　　33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.

　　A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which

　　34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.

　　A. that B. which C. where D. when

　　35. Dont forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.

　　A. when B. that C. at which D. where

　　36. Ive finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.

　　A. that B. what C. which D. when

　　37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.

　　A. which B. as C. that D. it

　　38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.

　　A. What B. As C. That D. Which

　　39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.

　　A. whose B. that C. whom D. who

　　40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.

　　A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which

　　41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?

　　A. why B. which C. for that D. of which

　　42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.

　　A. which B. what C. it D. that

　　43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.

　　A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed

　　44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.

　　A. It B. Which C. As D. That

　　45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.

　　A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what

　　46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.

　　A. when B. as C. whose D. what

　　47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.

　　A. when B. as C. whose D. what

　　48. He is absent ____ is often the case.

　　A. what B. which C. who D. as

　　49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.

　　A. that B. which C. what D. when

　　50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.

　　A. who B. that C. whom D. which

　　51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.

　　A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who

　　52. This is the only book ____ I can find.

　　A. that B. which C. it D. with which

　　53. I dont like ____ you speak to her.

　　A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

　　54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.

　　A. something could do B. anything we could do

　　C. nothing we couldnt do D. nothing we could do

　　定語(yǔ)從句的判斷

　　一、定語(yǔ)從句的判斷：

　　【一】

　　名詞（句子）+連接詞+句子

　　其中識(shí)別度最高的關(guān)鍵之處，就是連接詞，它有三種：

　　① 關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, that, which, as, whose

　�、� 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why, how

　　③ 介詞+關(guān)系代詞：介詞+whom, 介詞+which, 介詞+whose

　　但注意，有時(shí)你會(huì)看到 in that，但in that=because，算是一種固定搭配，這和定語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)關(guān)系。

　　【二】

　　這里單獨(dú)說(shuō)一下as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句吧，因?yàn)槠渌�都還比較常見(jiàn)，as相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較生疏。

　　主要是在same和such之后，定語(yǔ)從句用as引導(dǎo)，但偶爾the same后面也用that.

　　如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells.

　　我從來(lái)沒(méi)聽(tīng)到過(guò)他講的這種故事。

　　He is wearing the same suit as(或that) he wore at Marys wedding.

　　他穿著與他在瑪麗的婚禮上穿的一樣的衣服。

　　二、定語(yǔ)從句的處理

　　原則：將定語(yǔ)從句完整地切分出來(lái)，獨(dú)立成句。

　　兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：① 完整地切分；② 獨(dú)立成句

　　第一步，切分：切分點(diǎn)在連接詞前，如果連接詞前有介詞那就在介詞前。

　　如：I love this girl / who is beautiful.

　　I went to Changchun / where I met my wife for the first time.

　　I have three books / of which the red is my favorite.

　　第二步，找指代（也就是關(guān)系代詞的指代對(duì)象）：

　　如：This is the expert / to whom we are turning.

　　注：turn to = resort to = 求助于……

　　這句話里的關(guān)系代詞是 whom , 它的指代對(duì)象是the expert.

　　所以這句話翻譯過(guò)來(lái)是：這就是我們正在求助的那個(gè)專家。

　　第三步，調(diào)語(yǔ)序。

　　需要調(diào)整語(yǔ)序的也就是關(guān)系代詞和（介詞+關(guān)系代詞）

　　還是上面那句話：This is the expert to whom we are turning.

　　先切分，① this is the expert /

　�、� to whom we are turning

　　再找到第②句中whom的指代對(duì)象，whom=the expert

　　也就是 to the expert we are turning

　　這時(shí)落實(shí)到我們要講的調(diào)語(yǔ)序了，因?yàn)槲覀儼l(fā)現(xiàn)to the expert we are turning,它由于受到定語(yǔ)從句規(guī)則的限制，所以不是正常語(yǔ)序，現(xiàn)在我們把它變成正常語(yǔ)序就是：we are turning to the expert

　　這時(shí)，你再翻譯成中文時(shí)就沒(méi)有障礙了。

　　至此，我們總結(jié)一下，定語(yǔ)從句的處理就是分三步，1.切分；2.找指代；3.調(diào)語(yǔ)序

　　這樣就可以完成了將一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句從英文到中文的轉(zhuǎn)換，所以下次遇到定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，你只管先“咔嚓”來(lái)一刀，給它切開(kāi)，兩個(gè)句子安安靜靜地出現(xiàn)在你面前，你就別么費(fèi)勁地去前置了，那么定語(yǔ)從句就不能前置了嗎？也不是不能，語(yǔ)義如果挺順暢的你就前置唄，只是能前置的定語(yǔ)從句基本上都退化成后置定語(yǔ)了，比如，an apple which is on the table也可以寫(xiě)成an apple on the table（桌子上的蘋(píng)果）

　　a way which is to solve the problem也可以寫(xiě)成 a way to solve the problem（解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法）

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