英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句怎么做
I was born in a small town, which has developed into a big industrial city.以下是小編為大家整理分享的英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句怎么做，歡迎閱讀參考。
英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句怎么做
概述
1.定義：一個(gè)句子做定語(yǔ)叫做定語(yǔ)從句.
She is our new teacher who has just come back from the United States. 她是我們的新老師,剛從美國(guó)回來(lái).
2.先行詞：被修飾的部分叫先行詞.先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,也可以是一個(gè)句子.定語(yǔ)從句一般要在先行詞之后.
a. This is the baby whom you will look after.
這就是你要照料的嬰兒.
b. They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. 他們十分友好,邀請(qǐng)我訪問他們的國(guó)家.
關(guān)系詞
1.關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, as, 在從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)一般可省略；whose在從句中作定語(yǔ).
a. That was all that I wanted to tell you about .
那是我想要告訴你的一切.（賓語(yǔ)）
b. A scientist is a person who does scientific research.
科學(xué)家是搞科學(xué)研究的人.（主語(yǔ)）
c. The house whose door is brown is mine.
棕色的門的房子是我的.（賓語(yǔ)）
2.關(guān)系副詞：where, when, why 在從句中作狀語(yǔ).
a. This is the school where I studied twenty years ago.
這是我二十年前學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的學(xué)校.
b. I thought of my childhood when I lived in the village.
我想起了在村里度過(guò)的童年.
c. That's the reason why I'm not in favour of your plan.
那就是我不贊成你的計(jì)劃的原因.
種類：
1.限定性定語(yǔ)從句：與主句關(guān)系密切,不可拿掉,否則整個(gè)句子的意思不完整.
The small town where I was born has developed into a big industrial city.
我出生的小城鎮(zhèn)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)大的工業(yè)城市.
2.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)所修飾的部分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,拿掉之后其他部分仍然成立.
I was born in a small town, which has developed into a big industrial city.
我出生在一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn),它已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了一個(gè)大的工業(yè)城市.
只用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
在定語(yǔ)從句中,which 和that都可用來(lái)指物.一般可以互換,但下列情況只能用that 引導(dǎo).1.先行詞前有 the only, any, few, little, one of , no, every, the very 等詞修飾時(shí).
a. This is the only reason that I can give you.
這是我能給你的唯一理由.
b. There is no difficulty that can stop us from moving on .
沒什么困難能阻止我們能繼續(xù)前進(jìn).
2.先行詞是不定代詞all, everything, anything, nothing, the one, none, few, little, much 等詞時(shí).
c. Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么我可以為你效勞的事嗎?
d. This is all that I want to say.
這是我想說(shuō)的一切.
3.以 which, who, what開頭的問句時(shí).
e. Which is the pen that you father gave you ?
哪一只是你父親給你的鋼筆?
f. Who is the girl that is reading there?
在那兒讀書的女孩是誰(shuí)?
g. What have you learnt that makes you so happy?
你聽說(shuō)什么了,使你這么高興?
4.被修飾成分作表語(yǔ)或關(guān)系詞本身作表語(yǔ)時(shí).
h. She is not the little girl that she was ten years ago.
她不是十年前的小姑娘了.
i. China is no longer the country that it used to be.
中國(guó)不再是以前的老樣子了.
5.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí).
j. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影.
k. This is the most beautiful place that we have visited.
這是我訪問過(guò)的最美的地方.
6.先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí).
l. I'll never forget the first day that we spent together.
我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們?cè)谝黄鸬牡谝惶?
m. The last time that I met her was in 1976.
我最后一次見到她是1976年.
7.先行詞為基數(shù)詞時(shí).
n. I've bought five books. You can still see the three that are on the desk.
我買了五本書.你仍可看到寫字臺(tái)上的三本.
8.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí).
o. They're talking about the people and the things that they saw.
他們談?wù)撝姷降娜撕褪?
只用which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
which 和that有時(shí)不可互換.以下情況只可用which.
1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
a. He has a good knowledge of electricity, which helps him a lot in his work.
他在電學(xué)方面有良好的知識(shí),這一點(diǎn)對(duì)他的工作幫助很大.
b. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
她對(duì)孩子非常耐心,她丈夫很少這樣.
2.使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí).
c. This is the room in which I lived twenty years ago.
這是我二十年前居住過(guò)的房間.
d. This is the question about which we've had so much discussion.
這是我們以討論了多次的問題.
關(guān)系代詞“ as ”的用法
as 引起定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以放在主語(yǔ)前面；不可省略；多和 such, same連用.
a. As could be expected, he was against the plan.
正如預(yù)料的那樣,他反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃.
b. Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
你所描述的人現(xiàn)在已很少見了.
c. I've the same trouble as you have.
我和你有同樣的`麻煩.
該用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞
先行詞是表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí),并不都是用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),而是要看關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成份.作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),仍然要用關(guān)系代詞.
a. She is going to spend the summer holidays in Qingdao, where she has some relatives.
她打算去青島過(guò)暑假,在那兒她有一些親戚.（作狀語(yǔ)）
b. This is the place which I visited last year.
這是我去年參觀過(guò)的地方.（作賓語(yǔ)）
c. Did you still remember the days that we spent together in Hainan?
你還記得我們?cè)诤Ｄ弦黄鸲冗^(guò)的日子嗎?（作賓語(yǔ)）
d. October 1st is the day which we Chinese people will never forget.
十月一日是我們中國(guó)人民永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記的日子.（作賓語(yǔ)）
關(guān)系代詞的省略
1.在限定性賓語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)一般都可省略：
a. Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.
你一直在找的人在這兒.
b. He is no longer the man (that) he was.
他不再是以前的他了.
2.使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),不可省略：
a. This is the hospital in which I was born.
我是在這所醫(yī)院出生的.
b. The old man with whom you talked yesterday is my grandfather.
昨天和你交談的那老人是我爺爺.
3.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)也不可省略：
a. Tom, as everyone knows, is a bright boy.
大家都知道,湯姆是個(gè)聰明的男孩.
b. When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping..
他常常聚精會(huì)神做工作,這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食.
定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾句中的某一名詞（或代詞）.
被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞.
定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后.
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞that（指人或物）、which（指物）、who（指人）.例如：
This is the building（that we built last year）．這就是我們?nèi)ツ杲ǖ臉欠?
�。╰hat引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞building）
The man（who is talking with a group of students）is our headteacher．
正在和一群學(xué)生談話的那個(gè)人是我們班主任.（who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞man）
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞常被省略去.例如：
The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine．（＝The letter I received yesterday was from a friend of mine．）我昨天收到的那封信是我的朋友寄來(lái)的.
注：that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,所修飾的先行詞既可指人也可指物；which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞一般是物.這樣that和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句都能修飾先行詞“物”,它們有什么區(qū)別?分析如下：
A．在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中用that的情況：
1．當(dāng)先行詞前有一個(gè)最高級(jí)形容詞所修飾的時(shí)候.例如：
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen．這是我所看過(guò)的足球賽中最激烈的一場(chǎng).
2．當(dāng)先行詞前有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí).例如：
The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light．你首先要做的就是熄滅燈.
3．先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none等不定代詞時(shí).例如：
All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class．我們?yōu)閷W(xué)生所做的事情就是告訴他們?nèi)绾卧谡n上說(shuō)英語(yǔ).
I'm going to buy everything（that）I need．我要去買我所需要的一切東西.
4．當(dāng)先行詞前面有only,all,any,no等詞修飾時(shí).例如：
The only thing that he could do was to run away．他唯一要做的就是逃跑.
There are no people that things must not happen to．不碰到事故的人是沒有的.
5．先行詞為人、物共存時(shí).例如：
We haven't met the man and his dog（that）were in the street yesterday．我們沒有遇到昨天在大街上的那個(gè)人和他的狗.
B.在定語(yǔ)從句中用which的情況.
1．關(guān)系代詞在介詞后面時(shí).例如：
This is the house in which Tom once lived．這是湯姆以前住過(guò)的房子.
2．先行詞為that時(shí).例如：
What's that which you are holding in your hands?你手里舉的是什么?
3．在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中.例如：
Football,which is a very in teresting game,is played all over the world．世界都踢足球,這是一項(xiàng)有趣的活動(dòng).
All the books here,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him．
這里所有的書都是由他寫的,書中有漂亮的插圖.
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