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易混定語從句

時間:2021-07-06 13:26:59 英語 我要投稿

易混定語從句

  定語從句是一個重要的語法點,下面是小編為你帶來的易混定語從句 ,歡迎閱讀。

  易混點一:關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的混用。

  例1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.

  例2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.

  析:

  例1中的when應(yīng)改為which或that;

  例2中的which應(yīng)改為when。

  區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵是看它們在定語從句中所充當?shù)某煞。如果定語從句中缺少主語、賓語,就應(yīng)考慮使用關(guān)系代詞,如例1;若定語從句中缺少狀語,就應(yīng)考慮使用關(guān)系副詞,如例2。

  易混點二:固定句式出差錯。

  例3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.

  例4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.

  析:

  例3中的as應(yīng)改為that;

  例4中的that應(yīng)改為as。

  so…as或so…that為固定句式,前者為as引導(dǎo)的定語從句,as在定語從句中作賓語或主語,如例4;后者為that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句,該從句的成分是完整的,不缺少主語或賓語,如例3。類似的固定句式還有the same…as (that),such…as,as…as等。

  易混點三:主謂不一致。

  例5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.

  例6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.

  析:

  例5中的likes應(yīng)改為like;

  例6中的like應(yīng)改為likes。

  在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如例5;在“the (only) one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,先行詞是one,而不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式,如例6。

  易混點四:與強調(diào)句型及其他句型的混合。

  例7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?

  例8. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.

  析:

  例7中第一個that應(yīng)改為where;

  例8中應(yīng)去掉at。

  例7為帶有定語從句的強調(diào)句,you bought the recorder為定語從句,其引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用where,后面第二個that才是強調(diào)句中的that,此句可還原為:You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder.例8為where 引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句。

  易混點五:對先行詞概念不明確。

  例9. It this library that you visited yesterday?

  例10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday?

  析:

  例9中應(yīng)在library后加the one;

  例10中的where應(yīng)去掉或改為that或which。

  在例9中,this library是主語,is是謂語,that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,但沒有先行詞,故應(yīng)補加先行詞;在例10中,the library是先行詞,定語從句缺少賓語,故應(yīng)用that或which來引導(dǎo),當然也可以省略。

  易混點六:特殊名詞作先行詞時關(guān)系詞的選取錯誤。

  例11. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.

  例12. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.

  析:

  例11中應(yīng)在which前加in或?qū)hich改為that或去掉;

  例12中的that應(yīng)改為where或in which。

  在定語從句中,有些特殊名詞作先行詞時其關(guān)系詞的選取有一定的特殊性,如way作先行詞時,其引導(dǎo)詞可用that或in which或省略,如例11;與way相似的還有job,situation,point,case等作先行詞時,關(guān)系詞常用where或in which,如例12。

  易混點七:忽略as和which引導(dǎo)非限定性

  定語從句的區(qū)別。

  例13. He failed in the exam again, which was expected.

  例14. He failed in the exam again, as was not what he had expected.

  析:

  例13中的which應(yīng)改為as;

  例14中的as應(yīng)改為which。

  as和which雖然都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,但仍有以下三點區(qū)別:(1) as有“正如;就像”之意,而which沒有;(2) as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于句首、句中或句末,而which只能置于句末;(3)如果非限制性定語從句是否定句時,只能用which引導(dǎo)。

  易混點八:忽略that和which引導(dǎo)限制性

  定語從句的'區(qū)別。

  例15. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.

  例16. Here are the samples that — had I thought of it — you could have taken with you yesterday.

  析:

  例15中的which應(yīng)改為that;

  例16中的that應(yīng)改為which。

  當先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾或先行詞本身是不定代詞時,只能用what來引導(dǎo)定語從句,如例15;當關(guān)系詞后面有插入成分時,只能用which來引導(dǎo)定語從句,如例16。

  易混點九:介詞前置出差錯。

  例17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.

  例18. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.

  析:

  例17中的with應(yīng)改為about或of;

  例18中應(yīng)把to移到attention的后面。

  在定語從句中前置的介詞必須和后面的動詞或形容詞構(gòu)成固定搭配,如例17;但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介詞都可前置,如例18。

  易混點十:which和whose的意義不明確。

  例19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

  例20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

  析:

  例19中的which應(yīng)改為whose;

  例20中的whose應(yīng)改為which。

  在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞which不能在定語從句中作定語,但whose可作定語,“whose+n”相當于“the+n+of which”或“of which+the+n”。

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