新概念2 定語從句
定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。下面是小編為大家收集整理的新概念2 定語從句相關(guān)內(nèi)容，歡迎閱讀。
一、定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1、一共有9個(gè)：who, whom , whose, that, which, when,where, why, as
與名詞從句相比：定從不能由what和how引導(dǎo)；which的含義改變；定從內(nèi)部的介詞可以放引導(dǎo)詞前。
2、引導(dǎo)詞的功能有哪些？
�。�1）引導(dǎo)定語從句
�。�2）代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。（先行詞在從句中不再出現(xiàn)）
二、定語從句的關(guān)鍵
1、首先，要能判斷出該從句是什么從句：
（1）放句首沒有用逗號(hào)分開的，一般是主語從句，也有可能是狀語從句，但從句結(jié)束后若有體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，則一定是主語從句。
�。�2）放及物動(dòng)詞后，若及物動(dòng)詞不是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面一定是賓語從句；若該及物動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面一般是主語從句（It+ is + adj/n./done+that/whether/when…）或狀語從句。
�。�3）放be動(dòng)詞后，后面一定是表語從句，但 “It is/was + 從句(被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分) + that”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句（強(qiáng)調(diào)句中“非謂語”）。
�。�4）放名詞后，一般是定語從句，但若該名詞有“內(nèi)涵/內(nèi)容”(fact/truth/news/information/ problem/suggestion)， 則很可能是同位語從句。
�。�5）用逗號(hào)分開的從句，一般是狀語從句或 as/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，也要注意用放在句中用逗號(hào)分開的“插入語”(however, for example,believe it or not等)。
2、其次，判斷出是定語從句后可以用“三個(gè)優(yōu)先”法做題：
�。�1）優(yōu)先選擇含whose的選項(xiàng)，能與空格后的名詞構(gòu)成“某人的某物”搭配，一般就是答案；
�。�2）優(yōu)先選擇含介詞的選項(xiàng)，然后看該介詞與從句中的謂語是否能構(gòu)成符合邏輯的搭配；
�。�3）用逗號(hào)分開的定從，優(yōu)先考慮as和which,若該空能翻譯為“一件事”而從句意思是通順的，則放句首就用as,句末用which(若該空能翻譯為“如同”“像…一樣”則應(yīng)用as)
3、再次,做定語從句題可以用“三問法”來檢測(cè)是否出錯(cuò)：
�。�1）先行詞本身是否為特殊的詞？
way+ in which/that/省略
指物的不定代詞：anything, one, some,many, a lot, all, both, that等 + that
指人的不定代詞或數(shù)詞：one, those, anyone, two等 + who
既有人又有物： + that
“抽象的地點(diǎn)”condition, situation,case, point + where
“抽象的時(shí)間”one’s stay/visit + when
在特定語境中可以作“地點(diǎn)/位置”理解的詞：trousers/ sleeves + where
�。�2）先行詞前面有無特殊的詞？
有不定代詞修飾：all/every/little/much+ …+ that
有最高級(jí)/序數(shù)詞修飾：the best/second … + that
有just the/ the very/ the only/ the last等修飾：+ that
有who/which疑問詞：+ that(避免重復(fù))
有the same/ such/ as修飾：一般+ as
（注意： ①第一個(gè)as是否為一個(gè)以as結(jié)尾的搭配，如regard…as；
�、趨^(qū)分such…as（定從）與such …that“如此…以至于”）
（3）先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分？
注意：從句中spend后的“時(shí)間”，以及visit后的“地點(diǎn)”，不是狀語，而是賓語，應(yīng)該用不定代詞
4、只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句有哪些情況？
先行詞前為all, everything, nothing,something, anything, little, much等不定代詞時(shí)；
先行詞前有：all, every, no, some, any,little, much, few等不定代詞修飾時(shí)；
先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)；
先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；
先行詞前only, just, very, last有等修飾時(shí)；
先行詞是表示人和物混雜的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)；
主句是以who, which,開頭的疑問句或先行詞是疑問代詞時(shí)；
在修飾時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等先行詞時(shí)，只有用that代替when, where等引導(dǎo)詞；
【例】I'll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.
Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?
先行詞為reason, way (意為“方法”)時(shí)，常用that 代替why,which, in which，也可省略。
引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)，多用that引導(dǎo)。
先行詞是主句表語時(shí)；
【例】It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.
當(dāng)主語以there be 開頭時(shí)；
當(dāng)先行詞是數(shù)詞時(shí)；
同一個(gè)復(fù)合句里有兩個(gè)定語從句，一個(gè)用which，另一個(gè)通常用that。
5、reason后面用什么引導(dǎo)？way 后面用什么引導(dǎo)？
reason后面的定語從句用why引導(dǎo)。
way 后面定語從句用in which 或 that引導(dǎo)that可以省略。
6、when引導(dǎo)的定語從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的定語從句？
when引導(dǎo)的定語從句等于介詞+ which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
7、where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的定語從句？
where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句等于介詞＋which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
★8、one of 和 the (only) one of引導(dǎo)的定語從句在主謂一致問題上應(yīng)注意什么？
前者引導(dǎo)的定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；后者用單數(shù)。
9、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句有和區(qū)別？
限制性定語從句是主句不可缺少的一個(gè)部分，缺少后主句意思不完整。非限制性定語從句是對(duì)主句的進(jìn)一步說明，不要從句對(duì)主句意義無多大影響；非限制性定語從句前后有逗號(hào)隔開。而且非限制性定語從句中不能用that。
10、as 和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在用法上有什么區(qū)別？
as和 which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句．都可以代替主句中的整個(gè)內(nèi)容或某一成分。
as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以位于句首，并常和know, see, expect等詞連用，意為：“正如……”，而which不能位于句首。
11、as 可以用于哪些結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)定語從句？
such... as； the same... as； so ...as..
12、the same…as和 the same…that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句如何區(qū)別？
the same…as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句指的是相同事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)同類。
the same…that引導(dǎo)的定語從句指的是同一物。
13、such…as …和 such…that…如何區(qū)分？
such…as…引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，as必須代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)成分。
such…that…引導(dǎo)的從句是狀語從句，that只是引導(dǎo)從句并不在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)成分，在選擇填空首先看從句中是否缺句子成分，如果缺成分就要考慮是定語從句；如果不缺成分就要考慮是狀語成分。
★14、whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句有那些注意點(diǎn)？
whose 作定語，后面跟名詞。一般有三種表示形式：
【例】This is the dictionary whose cover has come off.
= This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off.
= This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.
★★★15、 “介詞 + 關(guān)系詞” 開頭的定語從句有哪幾種情況？
注意：引導(dǎo)定從的介詞后不能加who/that
（1）先行詞在從句中做狀語，用來替換when/where/why的：in/on/from/for/in front of + which/whom:
�。�2）“of所有格”： the+名詞+ of + which/whom； of + which/whom +… the+名詞
�。�3）“某個(gè)范圍中的多少”： some/both/the former + of + which/whom; of + which/whom … some…
�。�4）偶爾可用“介詞+ whose”和“介詞+where”
三、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1、who指人，在從句中做主語
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
2、whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，�？墒÷�。
Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus.
【注意】關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3、which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
4、that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
5、whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
（注意：the + 名詞 + of which/whom�？迹。�
四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞whom/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句（重點(diǎn)）
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)：
The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
=The school in which he once studied is very famous.
【注意】
1、含有介詞的`動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
（1）This is the watch which/that I am lookingfor.(T)
�。�2）This is the watch for which I amlooking. (F)
2、若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose
�。�1）The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
�。�2）The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)
3、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞，構(gòu)成some of which/whom等類似結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句。(重點(diǎn)：常考！)
�。�1）He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.
�。�2）In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
�。�3）There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
在特定語境中，可以用“介詞+ whose/where”引導(dǎo)定語從句
The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.
五、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
�。�1）I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
�。�2）The time when we got together finally came.
2、where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
�。�1）Shanghai is the city where I was born.
（2）The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3、why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語，此時(shí)先行詞常為reason�？勺�?yōu)閒or which（�？迹。�
why=for which
�。�1）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
�。�2）I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
【注意】關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換
�。�1）The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
�。�2）From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
（3）Great changes have taken place in thecity in which/where I was born.
延伸閱讀：定語從句的解題方法
一、選準(zhǔn)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞
在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞都代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，如果該從句中缺少主語、表語、賓語或定語，就要用關(guān)系代詞來連接從句；如果從句中缺少狀語，就得用關(guān)系副詞來連接從句。例如：
(1) I still remember the days which / that we spent together.
(2) I still remember the days when we worked together.
二、了解僅用that 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的幾種情況
that 在限制性定語從句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情況下，只能用that 來引導(dǎo)定語從句：
1. 先行詞是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy?
2. 先行詞被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等詞修飾或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定詞修飾時(shí)。例如：
These are all the pictures that I have seen.
This is the very dictionary that is of great help.
3. 先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。例如：
My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.
4. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。例如：
Our school is not the one that it used to be.
5. 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。例如：
This is the best English film that I have ever seen.
The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.
6. 主句是who 或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊問句時(shí)。例如：
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
三、把握“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用
介詞的選擇與主句中先行詞的搭配密切相關(guān)。例如：
That's the reason for which he was late for school.
This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.
注意：
1. 定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，介詞應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞之后，不能拆開放在關(guān)系代詞前。例如：
This is the key which you are looking for.
This is the baby whom you will look after.
2. 該結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，指物時(shí)用which.
四、弄清as 和which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句指代整體時(shí)的區(qū)別
1位置上的區(qū)別：
as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置比較靈活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，還可插在主句的中間；而which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：
As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.
The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.
The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all.
The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young.
2詞義與聯(lián)系上的區(qū)別：
as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間有著較為密切的上下文聯(lián)系，as 本身含有“正如”之意；而which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間在邏輯意義上近似并列句，which 本身表示“這”或“這一點(diǎn)”之意。例如：
Light travels faster than sound, as we all know.
Jack came late for school, which made his teacher angry.
五、注意定語從句的主謂一致性
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語必須與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。例如：
Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.
Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.
【新概念2 定語從句】相關(guān)文章：
新概念一定語從句07-12
定語及定語從句01-28
經(jīng)典定語從句07-20
that定語從句07-18
that的定語從句07-15
定語從句01-27
定語從句as07-13
定語從句that07-18
定語從句與后置定語07-14