特殊形式的定語從句
導(dǎo)語：定語從句是有特殊的形式的，特殊形式的定語從句的用法也會(huì)跟一般形式的不同，下面小編介紹特殊形式的定語從句，歡迎參考。
■since / until / by when引導(dǎo)的定語從句
定語從句中有一類是since / until / by when引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 這類比較特殊的定語從句，一般都可整合為and連接的并列句。and since / until / by then= since / until / by when
借助并列句分析解此類定語從句，就會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單易懂易記。
【典型例題1】
The book was written in 1946, _______ the education system has witnessed great changes.
A. when B. during which
C. since then D. since when
【解析】句意：該書寫于1946年，從那以后教育制度已經(jīng)歷了 巨大變化。因從句中“has witnessed”是完成時(shí)，而只有含 since引導(dǎo)的'時(shí)間狀語句子才用完成時(shí)，故此句可改寫：
The book was written in 1946, and since then the education system has witnessed great changes.
【典型例題2】
The baby is due in May, _______ the new house should be finished.
A. by then B. which
C. by when D. since when
【解析】句意：“那個(gè)嬰兒五月將出生，到那時(shí)他 / 她家的新房應(yīng)該能裝修完畢了�！惫蚀司淇筛膶懀�
The baby is due in May, and by then the new house should be finished.
【典型例題3】
I am going back to my hometown this summer, ________I will have enough time to buy a car.
A. by then B. which
C. by when D. since when
【解析】句意：今年夏天我打算回家鄉(xiāng)，到那時(shí)我就會(huì)有足夠的時(shí)間買輛車。從句的時(shí)態(tài)是將來時(shí)，所以排除D，從句中的成分是完整的，排除Ｂ，by then不能引導(dǎo)從句，by when在句意和時(shí)態(tài)上都吻合題意，相當(dāng)于and by then,故故此句可改寫：
I am going back to my hometown this summer, and by then I will have enough time to buy a car.
【典型例題4】
Tom has been living a comfortable life, _______his parents run away due to heavy debts.
A. until then B. until when
C. since then D. since when
【解析】句意：Tom在父母親的照顧下，過著富裕的生活，直到他父母由于沉重的債務(wù)跑掉了。until then 和since then 不能引導(dǎo)從句，since when時(shí)態(tài)需要用完成時(shí)，正確答案是B。
本句可以改寫為：
Tom has been living a comfortable life, and until then his parents run away due to heavy debts.
■which + n. 引導(dǎo)的定語從句
which可以加概括意義的名詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句。
and during / by that time=during / by which time 在那段時(shí)間
and in that case = in which case 在那種情況下
and at that point = at which point 在那時(shí)
and that language = which language 那種語言
【典型例題1】
He can speak German, ________language I can only follow with difficulty.
A. that B. whose
C. which D. what
【解析】句意：他會(huì)說德語，那種語言我要很費(fèi)力地才能聽懂。A,D不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，whose和language的關(guān)系不是所屬關(guān)系，所以答案是which 。此句可改寫：
He can speak German, and I can only follow that language with difficulty.
【典型例題2】
She may be late, ________we ought to wait for her.
A. in which case B. in that case
C. where D. from where
【解析】句意：她可能遲到，那種情況我們?cè)摰人�。C,D與題意不吻合，in that case不能引導(dǎo)從句，in which case 能引導(dǎo)從句，而且和詞組吻合。本句可改寫成：
He may be late and in that case we ought to wait for him
【句子轉(zhuǎn)換】
1. 他被任命為主席，在那個(gè)位置上他度過了余生。
He was appointed chairman, in which post he spent the rest of his life.
= He was appointed chairman and in that post he spent the rest of his life.
2. 他發(fā)了脾氣，在那個(gè)時(shí)刻我決定回家。
He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.
= He lost his temper and at that point I decided to go home.
3. 在家里，他好像十點(diǎn)半之后才有空，到那時(shí)孩子們已上床睡覺了。
At home, he never seems to have time until after 10:30 pm, by which time his children have gone to bed.
= At home, he never seems to have time until after 10:30 pm, and by that time his children have gone to bed.
4. 我們做了三年隔壁鄰居，在此期間我們只見過兩次面。
We were next-door neighbors for three years, during which time we met only twice.
= We were next-door neighbors for three years, and during this / that time we met only twice.
5. 被告知我的工作不能令人滿意，聞?dòng)嵑笪冶氵f交了辭呈。
I was told my work was unsatisfactory, at which point I submitted my resignation.
= I was told my work was unsatisfactory, and at this / that point I submitted my resignation.
6. 他在學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，這門知識(shí)在當(dāng)今非常重要。
He is studying economics, which knowledge is pretty important today.
= He is studying economics, and this knowledge is pretty important today.
■after / before which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句
and after / before that = after / before which
【典型例題1】
He was educated at a local grammar school, _______ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that
C. after which D. from this
【解析】句意：他在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰姆▽W(xué)校上學(xué)，之后他便去了劍橋。after that意為“然后，之后”，但不能引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，因此B項(xiàng)也被排除；after which相當(dāng)于and after that，故此句可改寫為：
He was educated at a local grammar school, and after that he went on to Cambridge.
【典型例題2】
He left his hometown 20 years ago, _______nothing was heard about him.
A. since when B. after that
C. after which D. from this
【解析】句意：20年前他離開家鄉(xiāng)，從那以后再?zèng)]有他的消息。Since when與與過去時(shí)態(tài)不吻合，需要用完成時(shí)；B,D不能接定語從句，所以C正確。本句改寫成：
He left his hometown 20 years ago and after that nothing was heard about him.
句子轉(zhuǎn)換
我在東關(guān)中學(xué)工作了九年，之前我在光明中學(xué)工作。
I worked in Dongguan Senior Middle School for 9 years, before which I worked in Gunagming Senior Middle School.
= I worked in Dongguan Senior Middle School for 9 years, and before that I worked in Gunagming Senior Middle School.
【小結(jié)點(diǎn)撥】
根據(jù)上述學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，做出如下總結(jié)：
1.帶有this, that的短語，引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，要將this, that變?yōu)?which。
2.帶有then, now的短語，引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，要將then, now變?yōu)閣hen。
鞏固練習(xí)：
1.He believes in public ownership, ______ idea I quite opposed to.
A. this B. that C. which D. what
2.The baby is due in May, _______ the new house should be finished.
A. by then B. by which C. by when D. since when
3.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _______ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
4. The new China was founded in 1949, _______ great changes have taken place.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
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