定語從句漢譯英練習
定語從句，是指一類由關系詞引導的從句,因為這類從句的句法功能多是做定語，所以曾被稱為定語從句，這類從句除了可以做定語之外，還可以充當狀語等其他成分，所以現(xiàn)代語言學多使用“關系從句”這一術語。下面提供定語從句漢譯英練習，希望對你們有幫助!
定語從句漢譯英練習1
1、她就是那個努力學習數(shù)學的女孩。
She is the girl who studies math hard.
2、他就是我們剛才談論的那個人。
He is the man whom/that we talked about just now.
3、這就是那個爸爸是警察的女孩。
This is the girl whose father is a policeman.
4、他們住在一座窗戶朝南的房子里。
They live in a house whose windows face south.
5、我仍然記得我第一次來到這座城市的那一天
I still remember the day when we first arrived in the city.
6、這就是我們以前住過的房子
This is the house in which/where we used to live.
7、他們來到一所農(nóng)舍，農(nóng)舍前面坐著一個小男孩
They arrived at a cottage, in front of which sat a little boy.
8、我花10元錢買的鋼筆丟了
I lost the pen that cost me 10 yuan.
9、那個女人住在樓下，她是個音樂家
The woman lives downstairs, who is a musician.
10、他考試通過了，這使他父母很高興
He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.
11.、眾所周知，中國將在2008年舉辦奧運會As we all know, china host the olympic games in 2008. china host the olympic games in 2008, which we all know.
12、我永遠記得我參軍的那一天
I will always remember the day when I joined the army.
13、我們班有50個學生，三分之二是女生
There are 50 students in our class, 2/3 of whom are girls.
14、我們期望的那一天將很快來到
The day (that/which we expect) will come soon.
15、他們正在談論在公園里看到的人和物
They are talking about the people and things that they saw in the park.
16、這是30年代寫的最著名的劇本之一
This is the one of the most famous scripts that was written in the 30s.
17.這正是我要為她買的禮物
This is the very present that I want to buy for her.
18、正在看電視的女孩是Kate.
The girl who is watching TV is Kate.
19、她就是照顧這些孩子的護士.
She is the nurse that took care of these children.
20、我遇見了告訴我這個消息的史密斯先生.
I met Mr. Smith, who told me the news.
21、你認識我們在學校里遇見的老師嗎?考試及答案
Do you know the teacher whom we met in the school?
22、她就是我們正在尋找的人.
She is the person we are looking for.
23、書包丟了的那個男孩叫Tom.
The boy is Tom who lost his bag.
The boy is tom whose bag was missing.
24、被叫到名字的男孩們站起來.
The boys whose names are called stand up please.
25、這就是你要的那本書。
This is the book you want.
26、那是我所見過的最大的地圖.
This is the largest map that I have ever seen.
27、七八月份是天氣很熱的月份。
July and august are the months that are very hot.
28、它發(fā)生在我出生的那天。
It happened the day when I was born.
29、他昨天去了他曾經(jīng)上過學的學校。
He went to the school where he used to studied.
30、你知道我們?yōu)槭裁丛缱邌?
Do you know the reason why we left early?
定語從句漢譯英練習2
This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在從句中作語)
這就是昨天給我們作報告的小王。
The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在從句中賓語)
上周你看見的那個人已離開了城鎮(zhèn)。
I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.
(whose在從句中作定語)
我認識的那個婦女，她的丈夫是個醫(yī)生。
Guilin is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that在從句子中作主語)
桂林是座具有2000年歷史的城市。
The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在從句中作賓語)
媽媽做的月餅很好吃。
The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.
住在樓下的那個人英語說得很好。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3年級的學生明天去爬山。
Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
你昨天碰見的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。
This is the book (which) you are looking for.
這是那本你正在找的書。
There are some films (that) I’d like to see.
The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.
你們剛才在談論的那個人已經(jīng)來到我們學校。
The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.
→ The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.
我借書的那個人是李雷。
The house (which) he lives in is quite large.
→ The house in which he lives is quite large.
他住的房子很大。
拓展閱讀
復雜定語從句的漢譯
所謂復雜的定語從句，是指一個句子帶有兩個或兩個以上定語從句的結構。這類定語從句在結構上與先行詞的關系比較復雜，有如下幾種形式：
1.自由式定語從句
自由式定語從句是指一個句子中兩個或兩個以上不同成分帶定語從句的情況。這種從句的先行詞沒有固定模式，在句中充當不同的句子成分，故該結構中的定語從句稱為自由式定語從句。它們拆開來看，其實就是一個一個簡單的定語從句，因此，其翻譯也和簡單的定語從句相同。如：
Thus the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medine to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.
人們開始理由充分地認為，阿拉伯伍麥葉里發(fā)王朝是征服戰(zhàn)爭完成后毫無作用的一個寄生集團；伍麥葉王朝曾于661年從麥地那遷都大馬士革。
該句中由which和that 引出兩個定語從句，分別修飾做主語用的the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs
和作賓語用的 a parasitic clique，翻譯時一個被譯成并列句，一個被譯成定語。
2.嵌套式定語從句
嵌套式定語從句是指一個句子中定語從句套定語從句的情況。這種結構中的定語從句其實和自由式定語從句基本相似，拆開來也是一個獨立的定語從句，只不過一個定語從句在另一個定語從句之中而已。因此，其翻譯也與簡單的定語從句相同。
3.并列式定語從句
并列式定語從句是并列成分中的定語從句的簡稱，指一個句子中兩個或兩個以上并列成分均帶定語從句的情況。筆者刊登在《中國翻譯》（96.1）上的《英語并列成分中定語從句的漢譯》一文曾作過介紹。這里再補充一點，這類定語從句也可譯成狀語從句，即先把主句譯出，再把定語從句譯成兩個表示并列或轉折關系的狀語從句。
This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans.
這是一個防御性的盟約，旨在保護德國人免受法國人的攻擊，保護奧匈帝國免受俄國人的攻擊；因為法國人想收復1871年失去的阿爾薩斯-洛林地區(qū)，而俄國人則在巴爾干半島同奧匈帝國接連不斷地發(fā)生沖突。
4.一主二仆式定語從句
一主二仆式定語從句是指一個先行詞帶有兩個或兩個以上定語從句的情況。該結構中的定語從句比較規(guī)范，均修飾一個先行詞，在翻譯時，雖然也遵循一般定語從句的翻譯技巧和方法，但還有其獨特的地方。歸納起來，有如下幾種情況：
1）譯成定語可以把兩個定語從句譯成并列的定語，也可譯成分開的定語修飾先地詞，或分別修飾重復的先行詞。
... and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques,by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power
......古老的謀生之道正受到新的農(nóng)業(yè)技術、新的貿(mào)易、新的.行業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)；這種新貿(mào)易是與世界上一向無人知曉的地區(qū)進行的貿(mào)易，而種種新行業(yè)則是使用一些無需傳統(tǒng)的人力畜力驅動、可節(jié)省勞動力的奇特機遇。（并列的定語）
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was lready known to man at the dawn of history.
近代史開始時，世界擁有的每一項重大成就，已為歷史發(fā)端期的人們所知曉。（分開的定語）
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to theGreco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
它有助于說明，為什么發(fā)源于中國的許多發(fā)明和希臘羅馬人所知道的許多發(fā)明，只是在西歐人手中才得到全面發(fā)展和充分利用。（分開的定語修飾重復的先行詞）
2）譯成并列句可以把兩個定語從句簡單地譯成一個并列句，也可以把它們譯成兩個分開的并列句，用來表示并列、轉折或先后順序等關系：
Consequently the manor was a self-sufficient vilage that was worked by serfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords.
因而，采邑是靠農(nóng)奴經(jīng)營的自足自給予的村莊；農(nóng)奴不能隨便離開，并以其勞動養(yǎng)活教俗封建集團。（一個并列句）
Our aim is to establish in Ghana a strong and progressive society ... where poverty and illiteracy no longer exist and disease is brought under control; and where our educational facilities provide all the children of Ghana with the best possible opportunities for the development of their potentialities.
我們的目的是在加納建立一個強大、進步的社會......在這里，貧困和文盲不再存在，疾病得到控制；在這里，我們的教育機構為加納所有的孩子提供發(fā)展他們的潛力的最好機會。（兩個并列句，表示并列關系）
This hope was nurtured by thegreat victories won by Genghis Khan"s grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian.
成吉思汗的孫子旭烈兀所取得的偉大勝利，助長了這一希望。旭烈兀是個佛教，而他的妻子是基督教。（兩個并列句，表示轉折關系）
3）其他譯法這類定語從句除上述兩種正規(guī)、固定的翻譯方法外，還有其他幾種比較靈活的譯法。我們可以把翻譯簡單定語從句的方法融會貫通，運用其中，如譯成定語+句子成分，即把一個從句譯成定語，另一個從句譯成句子成分；或譯成并列句（或句子成分）+狀語從句，即把一個從句譯成并列句或句子成分，另一個從句譯成狀語從句等。
Even so the lisbon government admitted in MARCH THAt a major attack had been launched by guerrillas who were armed with mortars and automatic weapons and who inflilcted "many" Portuguese casualties.
即使如此，里斯本政府仍于1970年3月承認，配備迫擊炮和自動武器的游擊隊已發(fā)動了一次大規(guī)模的進攻，使葡萄牙人蒙受"重大"傷亡。（定語+句子成分）
At one extreme are Hawii and Brazil, where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor.
處于一個極端的是夏威夷和巴西，在那里，種族混合十分廣泛，而且正在繼續(xù)進行，因此，種族歧視較少。（并列句+狀語從句）
He was also an old-line Stalinist who had spent 16 years in Hungarian jails in the interwar period and who was now unwilling to share authority with the "nationalist" Hungarian Communists.
他還是一位老牌的斯大林主義者，曾在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之間的時期內(nèi)在匈牙利監(jiān)獄呆了16年，因而這時不愿與"民族主義的"匈牙利共產(chǎn)黨人分享權力。（句子成分＋狀語從句）
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