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初中英語語法對短文改錯題解法參考

時間:2021-07-08 10:09:20 英語 我要投稿

初中英語語法對短文改錯題解法匯總參考

  一、從詞法入手

初中英語語法對短文改錯題解法匯總參考

  1. 冠詞考查分兩個方面:一是冠詞的缺省或多余,考生要注意關于含有冠詞(不含冠詞)的用法以及加冠詞與不加冠詞的區(qū)別。如:in front of與in the front of, in hospital與in the hospital的區(qū)別。二是冠詞the, a, an (定冠詞和不定冠詞)之間的相互誤用。

  2. 名詞主要考查單數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)名詞,這主要是受東西方文化差異的影響,英語中除了不可數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)外,可數(shù)名詞要用復數(shù)形式。

  3. 代詞主要有人稱代詞、物主代詞、關系代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞、復合不定代詞、指示代詞,要注意代詞的各人稱之間和單復數(shù)之間的誤用,關系代詞which, that之間的誤用,關系代詞that與疑問代詞what之間的誤用,關系代詞which與關系副詞when, where以及what與how的誤用等。

  4. 動詞是短文改錯的重點和難點,因為它涉及到動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)誤用,非謂語動詞的誤用(主要是現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞之間的誤用,動詞不定式符號to的添加,動詞原形變成動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的形式等),動詞的動作、結果與狀態(tài)之間的誤用(例如:listen與hear;look與see;watch與notice等),以及動詞的誤用。

  5. 對形容詞與副詞的'考查主要涉及它們之間的相互誤用和它們的比較等級的誤用。另外,考生應該注意形容詞與名詞或代詞的位置關系,副詞與動詞的位置關系,以及形容詞與副詞的位置關系。

  6. 連詞主要有兩類,即并列連詞和從屬連詞,考查點主要是并列連詞(分遞進式、轉折式、選擇式和因果式四種)之間的誤用(主要是but與so/and之間的誤用),從屬連詞之間的誤用以及并列連詞與從屬連詞之間的誤用等。

  7. 介詞主要涉及到相關介詞的誤用,例如:John went to school through a bridge three times a day. (through改為across)

  二、從句法入手

  A. 一致性問題

  1. 主謂一致。如:

  What are your favourite sports?

  are改為is。這是對疑問句主謂一致的考查。

  Playing football not only makes us grow up tall...

  Play改為Playing。動詞原形加-ing構成動名詞形式,與謂語動詞makes一致。

  2. 時態(tài)一致。如:

  It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me home.

  drove改為drive。連詞and連接的是兩個并列的動作meet和drive。

  They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing.

  have改為had。上文記述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,故下文也應用過去時。

  Hello, I learn about you from my English teacher.

  learn改為learned。"從老師那兒知道",是過去發(fā)生的行為,故用過去時。

  My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team.

  was改為am。整篇文章描述現(xiàn)在的情況,用的是一般現(xiàn)在時。

  3. 名詞的單復數(shù)一致及名詞與冠詞搭配。如:

  He sat down and asked me lots of question.

  question改為questions。question為可數(shù)名詞,用在lots of后面,應加-s。

  We study quite a few subject, such as maths...

  subject改為subjects。a few后面應跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。

  She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.

  schoolmate應改為schoolmates。此處"同學"為復數(shù)概念,應加上-s。

  As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with different kinds of plants and animals.

  在famous mountain前加a。

  4. 代詞的"性"、"數(shù)"一致 。如:

  The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

  his改為their。主語The Smiths用以指代一家人或夫婦倆,后面的代詞應該用their。

  5. 語意一致。如:

  She was smiling but nodding at me.

  but改為and。微笑和點頭在語意上是并列的關系。

  B. 詞義的重疊。如:

  Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to...

  這一題是考查英漢不同的表達習慣。漢語的"第一次訪問",英語說my first visit即可,time是多余的。

  First, let me tell you something more about myself.

  作者在這里是第一次向對方介紹自己的情況,不存在更多,故應刪去more一詞。

  Whenever I see them, I often think of my English teacher.

  此題易受漢語的影響,造成語意上的重疊。"每當我看見它們,我總會想起我的英語教師。"但英語中whenever之后一般不用often。

  C. 邏輯關系及習慣用法。如:

  I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.

  where 改為which?疾槎ㄕZ從句中關系代詞與關系副詞的用法。此處where應改為which, 因為它在定語從句中作主語。

  I'd like to your pen friend.

  在I'd like to 后加be或become。

  It was very kind for you to meet me at the railway station.

  將本句中for改為of。

  Mary was reading the newspaper. The newspaper say, 1.________

  "Write a story about what your Mom is the best Mom. 2. ________

  A ten best stories will win a nice present for Mom. 3. ________

  Sending your stories to us." 4. ________

  Mary wrote to her Mom,"My Mom loves us. She listens to 5. ________

  our problems. She helps us feel better when we are 6. ________

  sad. Even though she works, she spends times with 7. ________

  Tom, Mike and I each night. She reads to us and 8. ________

  help us with our homework. She is teaching us to be 9. ________

  kindly and to work hard." Do you think Mom won? 10. ________

  1. 該行從時態(tài)角度去考慮。首先,newspaper是第三人數(shù)單數(shù),謂語動詞say不應該是原形;其次,這篇短文以陳述一件事為主,這句應該用一般過去時態(tài),故應將原形動詞say改為過去式said。

  2. 該行從詞語搭配角度去考慮,應將what改為why。這句話的意思是"為什么你媽媽是最好的媽媽",故what放在這兒是解釋不通的。

  3. 該行從冠詞用法去考慮。"十篇最好的故事"應該是特指,故應把"A"改為定冠詞"The"。

  4. 該行從句子結構角度去考慮。祈使句用動詞原形。Sending改為Send。

  5. 該行從上下文角度去考慮。write to somebody是寫給某人,而這句的意思是寫有關媽媽的事情。to改為about。

  6. ?菁 7. 改行從詞義角度去考慮。time作"時間"解時,是不可數(shù)名詞,這句的意思就是媽媽每晚都和孩子們共度時光。應去掉-s。

  8. 該行屬人稱代詞錯用。with是介詞,應該用人稱代詞賓格來充當介詞賓語。I改為me。

  9. 該行屬主謂搭配不當。and并列連接了兩個并列謂語:reads to us 和helps us with our homework。help改為helps。

  10. 該行屬形容詞和副詞混用。kindly是副詞,應改為kind, 作be 的表語。

  初中英語語法大全:動詞的種類

  動詞的種類

  動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞,按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動詞,連系動詞,助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。

  1.行為動詞

  行為動詞可分為及物動詞 (vt)和不及物動詞(vi),及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài),有完整的詞義,能單獨作謂語,后跟賓語;不及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài),有完整的詞義,能單獨作謂語,但后面不能直接跟賓語,如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構成短語。

  如:

  More and more people study English.(vt)

  The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)

  2.連系動詞

  連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語。常用的連系動詞有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。

  如:

  Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

  It feels damp.

  3.助動詞

  助動詞本身無詞義,不能單獨作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞,表示否定,疑問及動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法特征,助動詞有 be,do,have,shall,will等。

  如:

  How do you usually come to school?

  The children are playing yo-yo now.

  4.情態(tài)動詞

  情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義,但不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞原形一起構成謂語,表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動詞有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。

  如:

  Can I help you?

  - Must we go now? -No, you needn't .

  a. can與be able to的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時,指本身有能力的"能";be able to用于各種時態(tài)均可,指須經過努力而"能"。

  b. must與have/has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認為"必須",只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時;have/has to表示客觀需要,意為"不得不",它可用于各種時態(tài)。

  c.need和dare既可作情態(tài)動詞也可作行為動詞。

  初中英語語法大全:動詞不定式的形式

  動詞不定式的形式

  1.作主語。 如:

  To learn English is very important.

  但實際上不定式作主語常用 it來作形式主語,而將不定式移至謂語動詞后作真正的主語。

  如上句可表達為:

  It's very important to learn English.

  2.作表語。 如:

  My idea is to ring him up at once.

  3.作賓語。 如:

  I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.

  4.作賓語補足語。

  a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動詞后面接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。

  如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.

  b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。

  如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.

  c. let, make, have這些使役動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。但在被動語態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。

  如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.

  d.動詞help接動詞不定式作賓語補足語,可帶to也可不帶to。

  如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?

  5.作定語。

  a.與被修飾詞有動賓關系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動詞為不及物動詞,后面的介詞千萬不要省略。

  如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.

  b.與被修飾詞有主謂關系。

  如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.

  c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關系。

  如: I have no time to play cards.

  6.作狀語,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結果等。

  如: I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.

  7.不定式復合結構"for sb. to do sth" 作主語時,常用"It is +adj+ for

  of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,

  right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."

  其他形容詞用 for。

  如:

  It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.

  It's very kind of you to help me.

  8.動詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。

  如: I don't know when to start.

  He didn't tell me where to go.

  但上面結構相當于一個從句,故上述句子也可表達為:

  I don't know when we'll start.

  He didn't tell me where he would go.

  注意:

  a.有些動詞或動詞短語不能帶不定式,只能接動詞的-ing形式。

  如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。

  如: The peasants are busy picking apples.

  Would you mind my opening the door?

  b.有些動詞后可接不定式,也可接動詞的-ing形式,但意思不同。

  如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做)

  Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經寄過信了)

  They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)

  They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)

  初中英語語法大全:短語動詞的四種類型

  同學們認真學習,下面是老師對短語動詞的四種類型知識總結。

  短語動詞的四種類型

  動詞與介詞、副詞等構成的固定短語,叫短語動詞。主要有四類:

  一、動詞+副詞

  有的一般不跟賓語,如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟賓語,如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。

  注意:賓語是名詞時,放在副詞前面或后面都可以,但若作賓語的是人稱代詞時,就只能放在動詞和副詞之間了。如:

  We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我們決定把會議推遲。

  We’ve decided to put it off. 我們決定將它推遲。(不說put off it)

  二、動詞+介詞

  如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必須接賓語。如:

  I don’t care for tea. 我不喜歡喝茶。

  三、動詞+副詞+介詞

  如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:

  She soon caught up with us. 她很快趕上了我們。

  四、動詞+名詞+介詞

  如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出貢獻等。如:

  Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的時候,你要照顧好你弟弟。

  初中英語語法大全:及物動詞與不及物動詞

  及物動詞與不及物動詞

  根據(jù)其后是否帶賓語,動詞可分為及物動詞(帶賓語)和不及物動詞(不帶賓語)。如:

  When will he arrive? 他什么時候到?(arrive 不帶賓語,為不及物動詞)

  He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達北京。(reach 帶了賓語,為及物動詞)

  有的動詞既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞:

  The child is playing. 這小孩在玩。(不及物用法)

  The child is playing the piano. 這小孩在彈鋼琴。(及物用法)

  He is writing. 他在寫字。(不及物用法)

  He is writing a letter. 他在寫信。(及物用法)

  The boy is reading. 這男孩在閱讀。 (不及物用法)

  The boy is reading a magazine. 這男孩在看雜志。(及物用法)

  初中英語語法大全:實義動詞與非實義動詞

  實義動詞與非實義動詞

  根據(jù)其含義和句子功用,動詞可分為實義動詞和非實義動詞(包括時態(tài)助動詞和情態(tài)助動詞等)。如:

  He bought a story book. 他買了一本故事書。(buy 為實義動詞)

  He has read the story book. 他已讀過這本故事書。(has 為時態(tài)助動詞,read為實意動詞)

  He should read the story book. 他應該讀讀這本故事書。(should 為情態(tài)助動詞,red為實義動詞)

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