關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)的英語(yǔ)報(bào)紙解讀帶翻譯：保險(xiǎn)公司的擔(dān)憂

　　IF A genetic test could tell whether you are at increased risk of getting cancer or Alzheimer’s, would you take it? As such tests become more accessible, more and more people are saying “yes”. The insurance industry faces a few headaches as a result.

　　如果有一項(xiàng)基因測(cè)試可以告訴你是否身患癌癥或阿爾茨海默氏病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在增大，你會(huì)做這樣的測(cè)試嗎?當(dāng)這種檢測(cè)技術(shù)離我們?cè)絹?lái)越近的時(shí)候，更多的人會(huì)說(shuō)“會(huì)”。隨之而來(lái)的是保險(xiǎn)業(yè)對(duì)此感到頭疼。

　　Once used only for medical reasons, basic predictive genetic tests can now be ordered online for a few hundred dollars. One company, 23andMe, in California, has collected some 4,000 litres of sputum since 2007, enlightening 2m people on their ancestry, health risks and what they may pass on to offspring. In April it received regulatory approval to screen for risk factors connected to ten diseases and genetic conditions, including late-onset Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The ruling could open the flood gates for others to sell direct to consumers.

　　基礎(chǔ)預(yù)測(cè)性基因檢測(cè)曾幾何時(shí)只用于醫(yī)療，但人們現(xiàn)在可以花幾百美元在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買。位于加利福尼亞的一家叫23andMe的公司，從2007年開(kāi)始收集了4000多升的痰，200多萬(wàn)人因此在祖先、健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及后代遺傳上深受啟發(fā)。該公司在四月得到了監(jiān)管部門的批準(zhǔn)，可以篩查十種疾病和與基因有關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，其中包括晚發(fā)性阿爾茨海默氏病和帕金森病。這項(xiàng)批準(zhǔn)使得直接向顧客出售預(yù)測(cè)性基因檢測(cè)成為可能，從此便一發(fā)不可收拾。

　　“Information is power”, argue many who take such tests. But insurers fear that without equal access to such information, they will lose out to savvy customers. Consumer groups, on the other hand, fear that if underwriters did have access to such information, people with “bad” genes might find themselves unfairly excluded from cover. Either way, the scientific advances could well disrupt insurance significantly.

　　“信息就是力量”，許多進(jìn)行基因檢測(cè)的人們這樣說(shuō)道。但是保險(xiǎn)公司擔(dān)心如果獲取信息的機(jī)會(huì)不 均衡，他們就會(huì)因?yàn)榫�明的客戶而吃大虧。另一方面，消費(fèi)者擔(dān)心如果保險(xiǎn)商獲得了信息，那些有“壞”基因的人就會(huì)被不公平地排除在保險(xiǎn)外。無(wú)論怎樣，科技的進(jìn)步都明顯會(huì)給保險(xiǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)混亂。

　　Unlike diagnostic genetic tests, predictive ones are conducted on people without symptoms. The best-known example was provided by Angelina Jolie, an actress who discovered she had a gene mutation that markedly raised her risk of breast cancer. She underwent a double mastectomy.

　　與診斷性基因檢測(cè)不同，預(yù)測(cè)性基因檢測(cè)用于沒(méi)有病癥的人們身上。最著名的例子便是安吉麗娜•朱莉了，通過(guò)檢測(cè)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因一個(gè)突變基因而顯著增加，于是她將兩個(gè)乳房切除。

　　Tests might influence financial as well as medical decisions. A person at increased risk of dying young may want to buy life insurance. Someone likely to contract cancer may buy cancer or critical-illness cover, which pays a lump sum upon diagnosis. Because predictive tests—unlike diagnostic ones—often need not be disclosed, the customer can secure an advantage over a future insurer.

　　基因檢測(cè)也會(huì)影響財(cái)政和醫(yī)療決策。一個(gè)人若得知自己英年早逝的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的.話，他或許會(huì)購(gòu)買人壽保險(xiǎn)�？赡艿冒┌Y的人也許會(huì)購(gòu)買癌癥保險(xiǎn)或重大疾病保險(xiǎn)，這些保險(xiǎn)會(huì)涵蓋診斷費(fèi)用的大頭。因?yàn)轭A(yù)測(cè)性檢測(cè)不像診斷性檢測(cè)需要經(jīng)常公開(kāi)信息，所以顧客相較于未來(lái)承保人會(huì)更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。

　　So underwriters warn that predictive genetic testing could well lead to adverse selection. The New York Times recently reported on a woman who bought long-term care insurance after testing positive for ApoE4, a mutation of a gene related to increased risk of Alzheimer’s. The insurer had tested her memory three times before issuing the policy, but could not know about the genetic result. Robert Green, at Harvard University, found that people told they have the mutation were five times more likely to buy long-term care insurance than those without such information.

　　所以保險(xiǎn)商警告稱預(yù)測(cè)性基因檢測(cè)可能產(chǎn)生不利的選擇。最新一期《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道了一位購(gòu)買長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的女性，她是在檢測(cè)出ApoE4陽(yáng)性后購(gòu)買的。ApoE4是一種增大阿爾茨海默氏病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的突變基因。保險(xiǎn)公司在給她投保前對(duì)她做了三次記憶測(cè)試，但結(jié)果未知。來(lái)自哈佛大學(xué)的羅伯特•格林發(fā)現(xiàn)，被告知有突變基因的人購(gòu)買長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的可能性是那些未知情況人的五倍。

　　Asymmetry of information—when the customer knows more than the insurer—is the industry’s nightmare. If predictive tests further improve and become more common while non-disclosure rules stay in place, some insurance products might eventually die out. Either insurers would go belly-up, or premiums would become prohibitively expensive. Hence, argue some insurers, if the customer knows something relevant about their health, so should the insurer.

　　當(dāng)顧客比保險(xiǎn)商知道更多的時(shí)候，信息的不對(duì)稱性就成為了保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的夢(mèng)魘。當(dāng)不曝光的規(guī)則仍占主流時(shí)，如果預(yù)測(cè)性測(cè)試發(fā)展得更遠(yuǎn)，變得更加普遍，那么一些保險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品最后會(huì)消失。要么是保險(xiǎn)公司破產(chǎn)，要么是保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)高得離譜。因此一些保險(xiǎn)商認(rèn)為如果顧客知道與他們健康有關(guān)的信息，保險(xiǎn)商也應(yīng)知道這些信息。

　　But tests might also help insurers. Christoph Nabholz, from Swiss Re, a reinsurance giant, is most excited about tests that spot early signs of cancer or cardiovascular disease. For life and health insurers, who want to keep people alive and well, such information could be invaluable. Discovery, a South African health insurer, plans to offer customers a test that maps part of their genome. The focus is on “actionable data”, where medical intervention or lifestyle change could mitigate risk, explains Jonathan Broomberg from Discovery.

　　但是基因檢測(cè)也有益于保險(xiǎn)商�？死锼雇蟹�·那不霍爾茨來(lái)自一家巨頭再保險(xiǎn)公司——瑞士再保險(xiǎn)。他對(duì)能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥或者心血管疾病信號(hào)的檢測(cè)技術(shù)頗感興奮。對(duì)想保持人身體健康的生命健康保險(xiǎn)公司來(lái)說(shuō)，這些信息是極為寶貴的。Discovery是南非的一家健康保險(xiǎn)公司，計(jì)劃給顧客們提供檢測(cè)，從而了解他們的部分基因組。該公司的喬納森·布魯姆博格說(shuō)道，他們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)是“可操作數(shù)據(jù)”，緩和因醫(yī)療干預(yù)或生活方式改變引起的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　This might help people who are already insured. But it worries those seeking new policies, who fear that underwriters may use predictive information to discriminate. Some might lose access to insurance. This raises ethical questions about when, if ever, genetic discrimination is acceptable. Moreover, since the relative role that genes play in the development of diseases is still being studied, some people might be unfairly and wrongly penalised.

　　這可能會(huì)幫助到已參保人員。但那些尋求新保險(xiǎn)的人卻有所顧慮了，他們擔(dān)心保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)因得到前瞻性信息而區(qū)別對(duì)待投保人，一些人可能會(huì)失去保險(xiǎn)。這產(chǎn)生了倫理問(wèn)題——基因歧視能否接受?此外，因?yàn)榛�因在疾病中扮演的相關(guān)角色仍在研究中，一些人可能受到不公正，甚至是錯(cuò)誤的判罰。

　　【本文作者：徐州七中彭向梅。(公眾號(hào)：草根英語(yǔ)行思教)】

　　本文為原創(chuàng)文章，版權(quán)歸作者所有，未經(jīng)授權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)載!

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