英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)有五種主謂主謂賓主系表主謂賓賓和主謂賓賓補(bǔ),這幅畫(huà)在一定的距離看更漂亮一些,春天到了天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和,她失去了在舞臺(tái)上露面的機(jī)會(huì),這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指人直接賓語(yǔ)常常指物。
英語(yǔ)5種基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
英語(yǔ)句子五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)
1.S(主)+Vi(不及物動(dòng)詞)(謂)(Astay/stays/did...)
Timeflies.
Youshouldstudyhard.
In1847,ChinesestudentRongHongandotherscametotheUnitedStatesasthefirstgroupofChinesestudentstostudyhere.(1847年,中國(guó)最早的一批留美學(xué)生容閎等人赴美求學(xué)。)
1)S+V+adverbial(狀語(yǔ))
Birdssingbeautifully.
2)S+Vi+prepPhrase(介詞短語(yǔ))
Hewentonholiday.
3)S+Vi+Infinitive(不定式)
Westoppedtohavearest.
4)S+Vi+Participle(分詞)
I'llgoswimming.
2.S(主)+Vt(及物動(dòng)詞)(謂)+O(賓)
AdoesB.
WelikeEnglish.
ThesetraditionshaveexertedaprofoundimpactonthevaluesandwayoflifeoftheChinesepeople,andonChina’sroadofdevelopmenttoday.(這些傳統(tǒng),對(duì)今天中國(guó)人的價(jià)值觀念、生活方式和中國(guó)的發(fā)展道路,具有深刻的影響。)
1)S+VT+N/Pron
Ilikemusic.
Ilikeher.
2)S+VT+infinitive(不定式)
Iwanttohelphim.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:attempt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,intend,learn,need,offer,pretend,promise,propose,purpose,refuse,want,wish等。
3)S+VT+Wh-Word+Infinitive
Idon'tknowwhattodo.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,inquire,know,learn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell,think,understand,
wonder等。
4)S+VT+Gerund
Ienjoylivinghere.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:admit,advise,avoid,consider,defend,enjoy,excuse,finish,forbid,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,can'thelp等。
5)S+VT+That-clause
Idon'tthink(that)heisright.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:Admit,believe,command,confess,declare,demand,deny,doubt,expect,explain,feel(覺(jué)得),hear(聽(tīng)說(shuō)),hope,imagine,intend,know,mean,mind(當(dāng)心),notice,propose,request,report,say,see(看出),show,suggest,suppose,think,understand,wish,wonder(覺(jué)得奇怪)。
3.S(主)+V(謂)(lv)(系動(dòng)詞)+P(表)
AisB.
HarvardisamongthefirstAmericanuniversitiestoacceptChinesestudents.(哈佛是最早接受中國(guó)留學(xué)生的美國(guó)大學(xué)之一。)
WeareChinese.
除了be系動(dòng)詞外,還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞,1)表感官的動(dòng)詞,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞,become,get,grow,turn,go,等。3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞remain,keep,seem,hold,stay,rest等。4)表瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)詞come,fall,set,cut,occur等5)其他動(dòng)詞eat,lie,prove,ring,run,shine,sit,
stand,continue,hang等。
1)S+Lv+N/Pron(名詞/代詞)
Heisaboy.
Thisismine.
2)S+Lv+Adj(形容詞)
Sheisbeautiful.
3)S+Lv+Adv(副詞)
Claisover.
4)S+Lv+PrepPhrase
Heisingoodhealth.
5)S+Lv+Participle(分詞)
Heisexcited.
Thefilmisinteresting.
4.S(主)+VT(謂)+InO(間接賓語(yǔ))+DO(直接賓語(yǔ))
AgivesBsomething.
MyvisittoIBM,AT&TandtheBelllaboratoryyesterdaygavemesomefirst-handknowledgeofthelatestsuccessesinmodernscienceandtechnology.(昨天,我參
觀了國(guó)際商用機(jī)器公司、美國(guó)電話(huà)電報(bào)公司和貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室,領(lǐng)略了當(dāng)代科技發(fā)展的前沿成就。)
Igiveyouhelp.
1)S+VT+N/Pron+N
Isenthimabook.
IboughtMayabook.
2)S+VT+N/Pron+To/for-phrase
Hesentabooktome.
Heboughtacoatforme.
間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to的常用動(dòng)詞有:allow,bring,deny,do(帶來(lái)),give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等。
間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for的常用動(dòng)詞有:bring,buy,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏),save,sing,spare等。
5.S(主)+VT(謂)+O(賓)+OC(賓補(bǔ))
AtellsBtodosomething.
Today,theChinesepeoplewhoarestrugglingtoachievemodernizationhave
madetheopening-upabasicstatepolicy.(今天,正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化而奮斗的中國(guó)人民,把對(duì)外開(kāi)放作為一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策。)
Imakeyouclear.
1)S+VT+N/Pron+N
WenamedourbabyTom.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:appoint,call,choose,elect,entitle,find,make,name,nominate(命名)。
2)S+VT+N/Pron+Adj
Hepaintedthewallwhite.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:beat,boil,cut,drive,find,get,hold,keep,leave,like,make,paint,see,set,turn,want,wash,wipe,wish等。
3)S+VT+N/Pron+PrepPhrase
Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.
4)S+VT+N/Pron+Infinitive
Iwishyoutostay.
Imadehimwork
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:a)不定式帶to的詞:advice,allow,ask,beg,cause,choose,command,decide,encourage,expect,force,get,hate,invite,know,leave,like,love,order,permit,persuade,prefer,remain,request,teach,tell,want,warn,
wish等。b)不定式不帶to的詞:feel,have,hear,know,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,see,watch等。
5)S+VT+N/Pron+Participle(分詞)
Iheardmynamecalled.
Ifeelsomethingmoving.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:catch,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,leave,listento,lookat,notice,observe,perceive,see,set,smell,start,watch等。
6)S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-word+Infinitive
Heshowmehowtodoit.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell等。
7)S+VT+N/Pron+That-clause
Hetoldmethatthefilmwasgreat.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:assure,inform,promise,remind,teach,tell,warm等。
8)S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-Clause
Heaskedmewhatheshoulddo.
常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有:advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell.
英語(yǔ)句子的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)有五種(主謂,主謂賓,主系表,主謂賓賓和主謂賓賓補(bǔ))
主謂:Istudy.
主謂賓:Ilikebanana.
主系表:Iamastudent.
主謂雙賓:Igiveapenciltohim.
主謂復(fù)合賓語(yǔ):Imakehimhappy.
1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)[S+V]
如:Thechildrenareplayinghappily.
孩子們正在高興地玩。
2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)[S+V+O]
如:TheGreensenjoylivinginChina.
格林一家喜歡住在中國(guó)。
3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)[S+V+P]
該句型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為連系動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有:be(是);get(變得),become(成為),turn(變得),look(看起來(lái)),feel(感到),smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)),seem(似乎)等。如:
①Hebecameafamousdoctor.
他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。
②Theapplepietastesreallydelicious.
蘋(píng)果派吃起來(lái)真是好吃。
4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)[S+V+InO+DO]
這種句型中的及物動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語(yǔ),既指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)。也可以把間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后,但要加介詞for或to。如:
①M(fèi)yauntboughtmeacomputer.=Myauntboughtacomputerforme.我阿姨買(mǎi)給我一臺(tái)電腦。②Ipassedhimthesalt.=Ipassedthesalttohim.
我把鹽遞給他。
5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)[S+V+O+OC]
如:Wemustkeepourschoolclean.
我們必須保持我們的學(xué)校清潔。
1.Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞,這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,等等。如:
Thestudentsworkveryhard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。
Sheapologizedtomeagain.她再次向我道歉。
Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening.事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。
2.Subject(主語(yǔ))+Link.V(系動(dòng)詞)+Predicate(表語(yǔ))
這種句型中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類(lèi):
(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有:be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。如:Severalplayerslayflatontheplayground.幾個(gè)隊(duì)員平躺在操場(chǎng)上。
Weshouldremainmodestandprudentanytime.我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛謹(jǐn)慎。
Thiskindoffoodtastesterrible.這種食物吃起來(lái)很糟糕。
Thepicturelooksmorebeautifulatacertaindistance.這幅畫(huà)在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如:
Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。
Don'thavethefood.Ithasgonebad.不要吃那種食物,已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
Thefactsprovetrue.事實(shí)證明是正確的。
3.Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+Object(賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或者可以后接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。同時(shí),句子中有時(shí)含有與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)的狀語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的成分常是:名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。如:
Youcanputthebooksinyourbag.你可以把書(shū)放在書(shū)包里。
Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.我們這里的農(nóng)民種很多種蔬菜。
Shelostthechancetomakeherappearanceonthestage.她失去了在舞臺(tái)上露面的機(jī)會(huì)。
Iprefertomakewebpages.我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁(yè)。
4.Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+I(xiàn)ndirectobject(間接賓語(yǔ))+Directobject(直接賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指“人”,直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物”。如:
Yesterdayherfatherboughtherabicycleasabirthdaypresent.昨天她父親給她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)作為生日禮物。TheoldmanistellingthechildrenstoriesintheLongMarch.老人正在給孩子們講長(zhǎng)征中的故事。
這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型:1)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+forsb.;2)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+tosb.。如:Pleaseshowmeyourpicture./Pleaseshowyourpicturetome.
請(qǐng)把你的畫(huà)給我看一下。
I'llofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudon’tloseheart.
—I'llofferagoodchanceforyouaslongasyoudon'tloseheart.
只要你不失去信心,我會(huì)給你提供機(jī)會(huì)的。
5.Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(動(dòng)詞)+Object(賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
這種句型中的賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如:
Keepthechildrenquiet,please.請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來(lái)。
Hepaintedthewallwhite.他把墻漆成白色。
Wefoundhimanhonestperson.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
Hismothertoldhimnottoplayonthestreet.他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。
注意:動(dòng)詞have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,observe,watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不帶to。如:
Thebomadehimdotheworkallday.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。
1.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞
例:Itisrainingheavily./Mytoothaches.
2.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)
例:Theyenjoytheplay./ImetJohninthestreetyesterday.
3.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
例:Heisout./Jennyisfine./Itlookslikerain,soon.
4主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)
例:Heboughtherawatch./Thesungivesuslight.
注意:雙賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)指人(即間接賓語(yǔ)),另一個(gè)指物(即直接賓語(yǔ))。一般間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)的前面,有時(shí)它們也可交換位置,這是需要在間接賓語(yǔ)的前面加上介詞to或for。
常見(jiàn)的雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu):bringsb.sth(bringsthtosb).givesb.sth(givesthtosb.)
handsb.sth(handsthtosb.)leavesb.sth(leavesth.tosb)
lendsb.sth(lendsthtosb)pasbsth(pasthtosb)
returnsb.sth(returnsthtosb)sendsbsth(sendsthtosb)
showsbsth(showsth.tosb.)tellsbsth(tellsthtosb)
writesbsth(writesthtosb)buysbsth(buysthforsb)
dosbsth(dosthforsb)getsbsth(getsthforsb)
makesb.sth(makesthforsb)paysb.sth(paysthforsb)
singsbsth(singsthforsb)
5.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
例:Shefoundhimaverycleverstudent./Imakeitaruletogetupearlyinthemorning.
(S+V+P)
Thebikeisnew./Themapisonthewall.
第二種主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)
Heswims.
第三種主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+O)
Childrenoftensingthissong.
第四種主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+V+I(xiàn)O+DO)
Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.
第五種主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S+V+O+C)
英語(yǔ)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)15
英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)----基本句型
一.
基本句型
英語(yǔ)句子雖然千變?nèi)f化,但就其基本結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)是有限的;揪湫停╞asicsentencepattern)描寫(xiě)的是句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)模式,它主要有五種基本句型。1.S+V(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))+(adv.)
Birdsfly.
Shewentonholiday.
Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái) ?/p>
此句型中v是vi,因此,可稱(chēng)為vi句型,句中常帶有狀語(yǔ)修飾vi。2.S+V+C(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))
Mr.Westisaniceperson.Theroomlooksdirty.
Theyfelttiredafteraday’swork.
這是個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞句型,link-verb后接的是表語(yǔ)(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))。3.S+V+O(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ))
Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners.Childrenalwayshatetogotobedearly.Billislearninghowtoswim.Ilikeswimming.
此句型用的是Vt(vt后可接單賓語(yǔ),雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)),因本句型中的vt只接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),所以可稱(chēng)為單賓語(yǔ)句型。4.S+V+Oi+Od(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))
Iwishyouagoodjourney.Motherboughtmeajacket.
Theytoldchildrenaninterestingstory.
此句型中的Vt帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),可稱(chēng)為雙賓語(yǔ)句型,間接賓語(yǔ)(indirectobject)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的。
5.S+V+O+C(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
Thesunkeepsuswarm.
Wechose/madeherourmonitor.Theteacheradvisedustostudyhard.Wesawthejetplanelandsuccessfully.
此句型用的也是Vt,后接一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),可稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)句型。上述五種基本句型還有兩類(lèi)變式,一類(lèi)是否定式和疑問(wèn)式(即否定句和疑問(wèn)句),另一類(lèi)是擴(kuò)大、組合、省略和倒裝等變式。Wedidn’tseeanyplaneinthesky.
Howdoestheroomlook?
Theydidn’tfeeltireduntiltheycompletedthetask.Hedidn’ttellmeandIdidn’taskhim,either.Woodgivesmuchsmokewhile(itis)burning.Socleverweretheanswers.回答如此聰明。
二.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句型
從基本句型中不難發(fā)現(xiàn),動(dòng)詞對(duì)基本結(jié)構(gòu)/句型有決定性的影響作用,如study既是Vi,又是單賓語(yǔ)Vt,所以應(yīng)用SV或SVO句型,speak一般是Vi,應(yīng)用SV句型,tell,say雖都是Vt,但tell后接OO/OC,可用SVOO/SVOC句型,有時(shí)同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,按詞的意義和用法要用不同的句型。如:Theygotupat6sharp.It’sgettingdark.
Igotaletterfrommyuncle.Getmeaticket,please.
Wemustgeteverythingreadybeforethemeeting.
動(dòng)詞不僅可以決定句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),而且還可以進(jìn)一步?jīng)Q定什么詞類(lèi)可以擔(dān)任其賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等成分,由動(dòng)詞的這一特點(diǎn)來(lái)決定句子的結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為動(dòng)詞句型。如:Vtstop后可用n/pron./動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Stopthethief!抓賊!
Hestoppedreadingtorisetomeetme.他停止閱讀,站起身來(lái)迎接我。三.SV結(jié)構(gòu)常用動(dòng)詞句型
S+Vi+adv./prep-phrase/infinitive-phrase/participle-phrase.
SV句型中常帶有狀語(yǔ),除單個(gè)副詞外,一般還可用介詞詞組、不定式(短語(yǔ)),分詞(短語(yǔ))擔(dān)任。
1.S+Vi+prep-phrase
Shewentonholiday.
Mr.Smithleavesforhomelateintheafternoon.Ifailedintheexamination.
注:a>表示距離和一段時(shí)間for介詞詞組作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),for可以省略。
Wewalked(for)fivemiles.Theywaited(for)twohours.
Won’tyoustay(for)thenight?(你不在這里過(guò)夜嗎?)
b>有些Vi后用表示程度、距離、價(jià)格、重量的名詞詞組作狀語(yǔ)。如:Theyhadcomealongway.Therainlastedallday.Thebookcoststenyuan.
Thebabyweighsninepounds.
Thetemperaturefallsseveraldegrees.
2.S+Vi+infinitive-phrase
Thegeneralwascomingtoinspecthismen.Westoppedtohavearest.
Thepeopleofthewholecountryrosetofightagainsttheinvaders(侵略者)。3.S+Vi+participle-phrase
Brucelaythinking.
I’llgoswimmingthisafternoon.
Thechildrencamerunningwithflowersintheirhands.
SVC結(jié)構(gòu)常用的動(dòng)詞句型(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))
SV(link-verb)+n/pron/adj./adv./prep-phrase.
常用的系動(dòng)詞(link-verb)有:be,appear,feel,go,look,prove,run,seem,sound,stand,taste//remain,continue,keep,stay//become,come,fall,get,grow,turn等等。根據(jù)link-verb所表示的意義,大致可分為三類(lèi):①表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或處于某種狀態(tài),以be為代表;
②表示繼續(xù)具備某種性質(zhì)或保持某種狀態(tài),以remain為代表;③表示取得某種性質(zhì)或進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài),以become為代表。1.S+link-verb+N/PronHisfatherisadoctor.
Thisremainsaseriousproblem.Thebookismine.2.S+link-verb+adj.
Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.Hewentmad.
Yourdreamsmaycometrue.3.S+link-verb+adv.Claisover.
Myparentsarein/out.Alltheofficesareupstairs.
注:其它常用的副詞還有:off,abroad,on,here,there,apart等。(地點(diǎn)、方位、狀態(tài))4.S+link-verb+prep-phrase.
Theoldmanisstillingoodhealth.Aretheseboatsforhire?Everythingisingoodorder.
Thesuggestionisofgreatimportance.Thevillageisontheedgeoftheforest.五.SVO結(jié)構(gòu)常用的動(dòng)詞句型
S+Vt+N/Pron/infinitive/wh-infinitive/Gerund/thatclause/wh-clause.1.S+Vt+N/Pron
Hedugadeephole.
Noonecananswerthequestion.Shesmiledherthanks.
Theclimateheredoesn’tsuitme.Shesawherselfinthemirror.2.S+Vt+infinitive.
Herefusedtohelpus.
MybrotherbegantolearnEnglishattheageof12.Ididn’texpecttomeetyouhere.
IforgottoclosethewindowswhenIlefttheroom.
可用于此句型的常用動(dòng)詞有:attempt,begin,cease,continue,dare,decide,desire,expect,fear,forget,hate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,mean(=intend),need,offer,prefer,pretend,promise,propose,refuse,regret,remember,start,swear,try,undertake,want,wish等。3.S+Vt+Wh-infinitive
Wemustfindoutwhattodonext?Shedidn’tknowwhichtobuy.
Doyouknowhowtosolvetheproblem?
Haveyoudecidedwheretospendyourholiday?Hedidn’tknowwhethertogoonortoturnback.
常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,inquire,know,learn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell(explain/makeclear),think(=consider),understand,wonder(=becurioustoknow)等。4.S+Vt+Gerund
Youshouldpractiseplayingthepianoeveryday.Wouldyoumindmystayinghere?Wecouldn’thelplaughing.Hegaveupsmokingatlast.
ShebeganlearningJapanese3yearsago.
可用語(yǔ)此句型的動(dòng)此有:admit,advise,avoid,begin,consider,continue,defend,enjoy,excuse,fear,finish,forbid,forget,giveup,goon,hate,can’thelp,keep(on),like,love,mind,miss,need,practise,prefer,regret,remember,risk,can’tstand,start,stop,suggest,try,understand,want等。注:
①stop后接動(dòng)名詞表示“停止做某事”;接不定式表示“停止/下(正在做的事)去做
四.
某事”,不定式表示目的。
②佛人格臺(tái)后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),表示“忘記做過(guò)某事”;用不定式表示“忘記要做某
事”。同樣remember后接動(dòng)名詞表示“記得做過(guò)某事”,用不定式表示“記得要去做某事”。
IrememberturningoffthelightwhenIlefttheroom.IshallremembertoturnoffthelightwhenIlefttheroom.
③begin/start后用動(dòng)名詞、不定式均可,意思一樣,但當(dāng)這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)
時(shí),賓語(yǔ)用不定式,以避免重復(fù)使用V-ing形式。It’sbeginningtorain.
He’sbeginningtostudyEnglish.
動(dòng)詞understand,realize,see(明白\領(lǐng)會(huì))等作begin/start的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),也用不定式。Hebegantounderstandhowitwasdone.
④regret后用動(dòng)名詞表示對(duì)以前做的事感到“后悔”,用不定式表示即將/現(xiàn)在要做的
事感到“遺憾”。
Youwillregretleavingus.
Iregretnothavingworkedhardatschool.
IregrettoinformyouthatIwon’tbeabletoattendthefarewellparty.⑤want,need,require后用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
Yourshoeswantpolishing(tobepolished).TheTVsetneedsfixing(tobefixed).
5.S+Vt+that-clause.
Idon’tsuppose(that)youneedtoworry.IwishIcouldmeethimrightnow.Iexpecthe’llbelate.
Thedoctorsuggestedthathispatients(should)stopsmoking.
用于此句型的常用動(dòng)詞有:acknowledge,admit,believe,command,confess,declare,demand,deny,doubt,expect,explain,fear(beafraid),feel(覺(jué)得、認(rèn)為),hear(聽(tīng)說(shuō)),hope,imagine,intend,know,mean,mind(留心、當(dāng)心),notice,perceive,propose,request,require,report,say,see(看見(jiàn)、了解、明白、設(shè)法做到、注意到),show,suggest,suppose,think,understand,urge,wish,wonder(覺(jué)得奇怪)等。6.S+Vt+Wh-clause.
Nobodywillbelievehowdifficultthisworkhasbeen.Ican’timaginewhysheleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.DoyouknowwhentheWhiteHousewasburntdown?Hedidn’ttellwhenthetrainleaves.
用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:ask,believe,decide,discover,discuss,findout,imagine,know,reveal,saw,show,suggest,tell,understand,wonder等。六.SVOO結(jié)構(gòu)常用的動(dòng)詞句型
S+Vt+Oi(N/Pron)+Od(N/Pron/to\forphrase/wh-infinitive/that-clause/wh-clause.1.S+Vt+N/Pron+N/Pron.
Johngavemeadictionary.
Myfriendsentmeabouquetofflowersyesterday.Sheboughtherhusbandanewjacket.Hemadehisuncleanewbookcase.
可用語(yǔ)此句型的動(dòng)詞見(jiàn)下一句型“S+Vt+N/Pron+to\for-phrase”中所提到的兩種及物動(dòng)詞。
2.S+Vt+N/Pron+to\for-phrase
Johngaveadictionarytome.
Myfriendsentabouquetofflowerstome.Sheboughtanewjacketforherhusband.Hemadeanewbookcaseforhisuncle.
這個(gè)句型是上面一個(gè)句型的變式,當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)前一般要加介詞to\for,這根據(jù)動(dòng)詞來(lái)決定。
間接賓語(yǔ)前加to的動(dòng)詞有:allow,bring,deny,do(給與、帶來(lái))(dosb.good)
give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,write等。需要加for的常用動(dòng)詞有:bring,buy,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏),save,sing,spare等。
注:ask,envy等動(dòng)詞后也可接雙賓語(yǔ)。Weaskedhimseveralquestions.Ienvyyouyourgreatsuccess.
但envy后的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)不能互換位置,ask后的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一般也不能互換位置,如要換,要用介詞of。Weaskedseveralquestionsofhim.3.S+Vt+N/Pron+Wh-infinitive.
Fathershowedmehowtousethecomputer.
IaskedTomwhichroadtotakeifIwanttogotothepostoffice.
常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell等。4.S+Vt+N/Pron+that-clause.
Theytoldmethatclothingmadeofsyntheticfiberswearslong.Remindhimthatthemeetingisatthree.
用于此句型的常用動(dòng)詞有:assure,inform,promise,remind,teach,tell,warn等。5.S+Vt+N/Pron+Wh-clause.
Canyoutellmewhetherthistrainstopsatthatsmallstation.Tomaskedmewhenthematchbegan.
可用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell等。
七.SVOC結(jié)構(gòu)常用的動(dòng)詞句型(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))
S+Vt+N/Pron+n/adj/adv/prep-phrase/infinitive/presentparticiple/pastparticiple.1.S+Vt+N/Pron+N
TheynamedtheirbabyJack.
Weappointed(任命)himmanager.Thechildrenfoundheragoodteacher.
常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:appoint,call,choose,elect,entitle,find,make,nickname,nominate等。
2.S+Vt+N/Pron+adj.
Theypaintedthewallwhite.
Iwanteverythingreadyby5o’clock.(要求)Helikeshiscoffeestrong.
用于此句型的常用動(dòng)詞有:beat,boil,cut,drive,find,get,hold,keep,leave,like,make,paint,see,set,turn,want,wash,wipe,wish等。3.S+Vt+N/Pron+adv./prep-phrase.
Shelikestokeepeverythingingoodorder.Wefoundanewcomerinchargeofthelibrary.
Thisleftthemwithoutarayofhope.這使他們失去了一線希望。Hehurriedthere,butfoundthemallout.
常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞大都是感官動(dòng)詞和表示“使”意義的動(dòng)詞。4.S+Vt+N/Pron+infinitive.
Doyouwishmetostay?你希望我留下來(lái)嗎?Theraincausedtheweeds(草)togrowfast.Theywarnedmenottobelate.Whatmakesyouthinkso?
I’veneverknownhimbehave(表現(xiàn))sobadlybefore.常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:
①advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,choose,command,decide,encourage,expect,force,get,
hate,invite,know,lead(=cause),leave,like,love,order,permit,persuade,prefer,remind,request,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等,這些動(dòng)詞后的不定式要帶to。②feel,have,hear,know,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,see,watch等,這些動(dòng)詞后的
不定式不to。
③help后面的不定式可以to也可以不to。②③兩類(lèi)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要帶to。注:①有些動(dòng)詞(如:believe,consider,declare,feel,find,guess,judge,prove,report,
suppose,think)后,可用be的不定式作賓補(bǔ),有時(shí)tobe可以省略。
Mostpeoplesupposedhim(tobe)innocent.大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為他是無(wú)辜的。Everyone
reportedhim(tobe)thebestmanforthejob.大家都說(shuō)他是干這項(xiàng)工作最合適的人眩
②know后接不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),多用to,有時(shí)可不用,但用tobe時(shí),to不能省略。
Ineverknowhim(to)actwithoutthinking.我從未發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)他草率行事過(guò)。
Iknowhimtobehonest.我知道他為人誠(chéng)實(shí)。Theyknowhimtohavebeenaschool-master.我知道他以前當(dāng)過(guò)校長(zhǎng)。
5.S+Vt+N/Pron+presentparticiple.
Wemustn’tkeepthemwaiting.
Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.I’llhavethecarwaitingattheentrance.
用于此句型的常用動(dòng)詞有:catch,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,leave,listento,lookat,notice,observe,perceive,see,set,smell,start,watch等。6.S+Vt+N/Pron+pastparticiple.
Iheardmynamecalled.
Iwantthisworkfinishedquickly.我要求工作快點(diǎn)結(jié)束。You’dbetterhavethebadtoothtakenout.Imustgetmyhaircut.我該理發(fā)了。
常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:feel,find,get,have,hear,like,make,prefer,see,want,wish等等。