初三英語上冊(cè)合成動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)
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初三英語上冊(cè)合成動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)
在英語的合成詞(compound words)中,合成動(dòng)詞(compound verbs)的數(shù)目較少,主要有下面三種類別:
。ㄒ唬└痹~+動(dòng)詞,如 outdo,overcome,undermine,upset,cross-question,withhold,backbite 等。
。ǘ┟~+動(dòng)詞,如 sunbathe,sidetrack,typewrite,house-hunt,browbeat,hoodwink,waylay 等。
。ㄈ┬稳菰~+動(dòng)詞,如 whitewash,safeguard,shortlist,blackmail 等。
這三類合成動(dòng)詞中,以第一種最為豐富,特別是那些由“over,under,out”引導(dǎo)的,更顯得多彩多姿。
由over 引導(dǎo)的合成動(dòng)詞含有“太多、過多”的意思,如: overact,overburden,overcharge,overdo,overdress,overeat,overestimate,overpower,overpraise,overproduce,overprotect,overrule,oversleep,overspend,overstate,overstay,overwork 等。
由under 引導(dǎo)的合成動(dòng)詞含 有“太少、不足”的意思,如: undercharge,underpay,underrate,understate,undervalue,underwork 等。
由out 引導(dǎo)的合成動(dòng)詞則含有“超過、勝過”之意,如: outdo,outgrow,outlive,outnumber,outside,outrank,outshine,outstay,outstrip,outweigh,outwit 等。
現(xiàn)在舉些句子示范:
、 The food cost $3,but he was overcharged by 50 cents.
、 Some romantic scenes in our TV shows were overdone.
、 Don't overstate your predicament or people will not believe you.
、 Some reporters understated the seriousness of the regional financial turmoil.
、 The staff of the company felt that their contribution had been undervalued.
⑥ Chinese swimmers outdid their opponents.
、 This type of computer has outlived its usefulness.
、 The advantages of the new salary scheme far outweigh its disadvantages.
合成動(dòng)詞的主要構(gòu)成方式
1.n+v→名詞+動(dòng)詞:
eaves屋檐+drop滴=eavesdrop偷聽;sun太陽+bathe沐浴=sunbathe沐日光;
sleep睡覺+walk走路=sleepwalk夢(mèng)游
2.adv+v→形容詞+動(dòng)詞:
down下+load負(fù)載=download下載;up上+set設(shè)置=upset打翻;
under下面+go走=undergo經(jīng)歷/承受
3.adj+v→形容詞+動(dòng)詞:
white白色+wash洗=whitewash粉刷;black黑色+list名單=blacklist列入黑名單
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