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高考英語語法知識點(diǎn)
在日復(fù)一日的學(xué)習(xí)中，是不是聽到知識點(diǎn)，就立刻清醒了？知識點(diǎn)是指某個模塊知識的重點(diǎn)、核心內(nèi)容、關(guān)鍵部分。掌握知識點(diǎn)有助于大家更好的學(xué)習(xí)。下面是小編為大家收集的高考英語語法知識點(diǎn)，希望對大家有所幫助。
高考英語語法知識點(diǎn)1
1、名詞
(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)
(2)不可數(shù)名詞
(3)專有名詞
(4)名詞所有格
2、代詞
(1)人稱代詞：主格和賓格形式
(2)物主代詞：形容詞與名詞性形式
(3)反身代詞：myself, himself, ourselves, etc.
(4)指示代詞this, that, these, those
(5)不定代詞some, any, no, etc.
(6)疑問代詞what, who, whose, which, etc.
3、數(shù)詞
(1)基數(shù)詞
(2)序數(shù)詞
4、介詞和介詞短語詞：匯表中所列介詞的基本用法
5、連詞：詞匯表中所列連詞的基本用法
6、形容詞(比較級和最高級)
(1)作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語的基本用法
(2)比較等級(原級、比較級、最高級)的基本用法
�、贅�(gòu)成-er, -est; more, the most
�、诨揪湫�
as+原級形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原級形式+as. . .
比較級形式+than. . .
the+最高級形式+. . . in ( of). . .
7、副詞(比較級和最高級)
(1)表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等的基本用法
(2)疑問副詞when, where, how
(3)比較等級(原級、比較級、最高級)
①構(gòu)成-er, -est; more, the most
�、诨揪湫�
as+原級形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原級形式+as. . .
比較級形式+than. . .
the+最高級形式+. . . in ( of). . .
8、冠詞：一般用法
9、動詞
(1)行為動詞或?qū)嵙x動詞：①及物動詞②不及物動詞
(2)連系動詞be, look, turn, get, become, etc.
(3)助動詞be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
(4)情態(tài)動詞can, may, must, need, etc.
10、時態(tài)
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時
I get up at six o'clock every morning.
He doesn't speak Russian.
They are very busy.
The moon moves round the earth.
When you see him, tell him to come to my place.
I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.
(2)一般過去時
I was in Grade One last year.
I got up at five yesterday.
(3)一般將來時
�、賡hall ( will)+動詞原形
I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.
She will be here tomorrow.
�、赽e going to+動詞原形
I'm going to help him.
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
We're reading the text now.
They're waiting for a bus.
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時
I have already posted the letter.
They have lived here for ten years.
(6)過去進(jìn)行時
We were having a meeting this time yesterday.
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.
(7)過去完成時
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.
(8)過去將來時
He said he would go to the cinema that evening.
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.
11、被動語態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，含有情態(tài)動詞，一般將來時)
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)
English is taught in that school.
(2)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)
The song was written by that worker.
(3)一般現(xiàn)在時帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)
She must be sent to hospital at once.
(4)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)
The homework will be done in two hours .
12、非謂語動詞
(1)動詞不定式(全部掌握)
�、僮髦髡Z
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
�、谧髻e語They began to read.
�、圩髻e語補(bǔ)足語
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
�、茏鞫ㄕZ
I have an important meeting to attend.
�、葑鳡钫Z
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
⑥用在how, when, where, what, which等之后
I don't know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn't know what to do next.
(2)動詞的-ing形式
(3)動詞的-ed形式
13、構(gòu)詞法
(1)合成法：classroom, something, reading-room
(2)派生法：worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy
(3)轉(zhuǎn)化法：hand (n. )—hand (v. ) dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )
(4)縮寫和簡寫
14、句子種類
(1)陳述句(肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑問句:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句
(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)
(4)感嘆句
15、句子成分
(1)主語
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
(2)謂語(主謂一致)
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
(3)表語
Her sister is a nurse.
It's me.
I'm ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
(4)賓語
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
(5)直接賓語和間接賓語
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
(6)賓語補(bǔ)足語
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
(7)定語
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
(8)狀語
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
16、簡單句的基本句型
第一種：主語+連系動詞+表語( S+V+P)
The bike is new/in the room .
第二種：主語+不及物動詞( S+V)
He swims.
第三種：主語+及物動詞+賓語( S+V+O)
Children often sing this song.
第四種：主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語( S+V+IO+DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五種：主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語( S+V+O+C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
第六種：there be句型
17、主謂一致
—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area________invited
A.were
B.have been
C.has been
D.was
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)問句的時態(tài)可知此處時態(tài)用一般過去時。And連接的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語，其前用every，each，no，many a等來修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，故本題選D。A項(xiàng)主謂一致錯誤;B項(xiàng)時態(tài)、主謂一致錯誤;C項(xiàng)時態(tài)錯誤。
18、并列復(fù)合句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
19、主從復(fù)合句
(1)賓語從句
He said ( that) he felt sick.
I take back what I said.
I don't know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.
I can't tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
(2)狀語從句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
The earth is bigger than the moon. He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.
Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
(3)定語從句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.
(4)主語從句
(5)同位語從句
(6)表語從句
20、直接引語與間接引語
“ I will go to Shijiazhuang tomorrow”，mom said . →Mom said she would go to Shijiazhuang the next day .
21、省略
一、祈使句自然可省去主語，如：
Leave him in peace!不要去打擾他!
Come at one o'clock sharp.準(zhǔn)一點(diǎn)鐘來。
Listen to me, children!聽我講，孩子們!
Look both ways before you cross the road.過馬路之前要向兩邊看看。
二、除祈使句外，還有其他省去主語的情況，如：
Don't know.我不知道。(省去主語I)
Beg your pardon.請原諒。(省去主語I)
Had a good time, didn't you?玩得很好，不是嗎?(省去主語you)
Doesn't look too well.他臉色不大好。(省去主語he或she)
Looks like rain.像是要下雨了。(省去主語it)
三、Must be somebody waiting for you.一定是有人在等你。
Appears to be a big crowd in the hall.大廳里似乎有一大群人。
22、倒裝
一、全部倒裝
全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首，謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：
1) There goes the bell.鈴聲漸漸消失了。
2) Then came the chairman.然后主席就來了
3) Here is your letter.這是你的信。
2.表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞。例如：
1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。
2) Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：
1) Here he comes.他來了。
2) Away they went.他們走了。
二、部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
1.句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。例如：
1) Never have I seen such a performance.我從來沒看過這樣的表演。
2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.你在哪兒都不會找到這個問題的答案。
3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。
注意：當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：
1) I have never seen such a performance.我從來沒看過這樣的表演。
2) The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。
2.帶有否定意義的詞放在句首，語序需要部分倒裝。常見的詞語有：not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：
1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評了送禮的人。
2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.她剛要出門時有個學(xué)生來找她。
3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.她剛要走時一個學(xué)生來看她。
注意：只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Not only you but also I am fond of music.我和你都喜歡音樂。
3.表示“也”、“也不”的so, neither, nor放在句首時，句子作部分倒裝。例如：
1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能說法語，我也能。
2) If you won't go, neither will I.如果你不去，我也不去。
注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“的確如此”。例如：
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。
2) ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大。 ---的確很大。
4. only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句等)，全句語序要部分倒裝。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.他被請了三次才來開會。
注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時才會臥床休息。
三、as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前(形容詞，副詞，分詞，實(shí)義動詞提前)。此時應(yīng)注意：1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞;2)句首是實(shí)義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前。例如：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.盡管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像從來都不能令他的工作満意。
注意：讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用。
四、其他部分倒裝
1. so… that句型中的so位于句首時，需倒裝。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.他害怕得動都不敢動。
2.在某些表示祝愿的'句型中，例如：
May you all be happy. 望大家開心愉快。
3.在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if省略，把were, had, should移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again.如果我是你，我就再試一次。
23、強(qiáng)調(diào)
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分(通常是主語、賓語、或狀語)，常用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)…表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的it在句子中作主句的主語;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語;強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如果是人，that和who都可用。如：
Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
另外，還要注意下面幾點(diǎn)：
1)在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時，that后的謂語動詞要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)者保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如：
It is I who am a teacher.
2)即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語是復(fù)數(shù)，主句中的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。如：
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
3)在強(qiáng)調(diào)時間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語時，不能用when，where，why或how，而要用that 。如：
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.
It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.
It was the house that the murder happened.
4)在強(qiáng)調(diào)not … until結(jié)構(gòu)中由until短語(或從句)表示的時間狀語時，要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is(was) not until ……that……注意此時原句的not…until要變成not until，that從句中的謂語動詞要用肯定式。如：
My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
5)原句的謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼母鞣N時態(tài)，用It is…that (who)…;如果原句謂語動詞是過去各種時態(tài)，則用It was… that(who)…
6)在強(qiáng)調(diào)一般疑問句中的某一成分時，主句要用一般疑問句的語序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分后詞序及詞形都不可以改動。如：
Did this happen in Beijing?
Was it in Beijing that this happened?
7)特殊疑問句中只有疑問詞可以強(qiáng)調(diào)，其強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問詞+is (was) it that……? "如：
Where were you born?
Where was it that you were born?
8)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型容易和句型It is/was+名詞+that名詞從句混淆。如果把構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)的詞It is (was) … that(who)…去掉，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分歸位后，應(yīng)該能夠形成一個完整的句子(這也是判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的方法)。但后者的It is/was…that是不可去掉的，否則that前的名詞就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面這個句子如去掉It is/was…that就不再完整：
It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還容易跟It is/was+形容詞+that名詞從句這一句型混淆。如：It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain……) that ……該句型中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為”清楚(顯然，真的，肯定…)”是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
9)強(qiáng)調(diào)句可以用作賓語從句。如：
He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.
I really can’t remember where it was that I first met the man.
10)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可有如下變體：It is/was變成“情態(tài)動詞+be”。如：
It may be my bike that he is riding.
It must have been the manager that spoke to you.
11)與疑問詞連用構(gòu)成特殊疑問句和感嘆句。如：
Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the park yesterday?
Why is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?
What a beautiful picture it is that you have drawn!
12)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞可帶有一個定語從句。如：
Was it Bill, who plays football well, that helped the blind man cross the road?
It was in the school, where(or：in which) I once studied, that we hold a party.
Was it in the house, which we visited last year, that the murder happened?
二、用助動詞do或其變化形式does，did來強(qiáng)調(diào)句中謂語動詞，用來加強(qiáng)陳述句和祈使句的語氣，譯作“的確”，“一定”，“確實(shí)”。如：
He did send you a letter last week.
We’re pleased that she does intend to come.
Do write to me when you get there.
三、用倒裝句來加強(qiáng)語氣。如：
Only in this way can we solve this problem.
Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.
In front of the farmhouse there sat a little boy.
四、用形容詞，副詞或者否定詞very, never, ever, even, still , single，simply, just ,only, too等來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：
At that very monent he heard a cry for help.
I can't even remember the name of that old friend of mine.
Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.
You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.
This is just what I wanted.
五、用what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或wh-疑問詞+ever構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句來強(qiáng)調(diào)從句中的主語，賓語或狀語等。如：
What Mary does every day is to give piano lessons.
Whenever you come to me, you can come right in.
六、反復(fù)使用同一個詞來加強(qiáng)語氣，可反復(fù)使用詞的一般是動詞，副詞，形容詞和名詞。如：
He worked (and) worked until late at night.
They walked for miles and miles.
I'll never, never forget you.
七、用“at all”，“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等來加強(qiáng)疑問或否定語氣。如：
Where in the world did you go just now ?
What on earth are you doing?
She's not in the least angry with me.
The clerk is not at all fit for the post.
八、用感嘆句來表示強(qiáng)烈的感情，突出說話人的情感。如：
How interesting a story it is!
九、用反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：
I myself will see her off at the station.
You can do it well yourself.
十、用破折號、黑體字也可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語氣：
It's because of hard work—ten years of hard work.
24、虛擬語氣
1)概念
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。
2)在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。
真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中if是如果的意思。
時態(tài)關(guān)系
句型：條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時shall/will +動詞原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
非真實(shí)條件句
1)時態(tài)：可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時態(tài)退后。
a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型：條件從句主句
一般過去時should( would) +動詞原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型：條件從句主句
過去完成時should(would) have+過去分詞
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含義：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c.表示對將來的假想
句型：條件從句主句
一般過去時should+動詞原形
were+不定式would +動詞原形
should+動詞原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
混合條件句
主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，這時主，從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
(從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)
If it had rained last night (過去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在).
虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should,或had,可將if省略，再把were, should或had移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞'be'的過去時態(tài)一律用"were"，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就會去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。
特殊的虛擬語氣詞：should
1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句的謂語動詞要用should加動詞原形，should可省略。
句型：
(1)suggested
It is(2)importantthat…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted;+ (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity,a shame,no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2)在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的從句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建議”或“堅持要某人做某事時”，即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅持認(rèn)為”時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判斷改錯：
(錯)You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(對)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(錯)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(對)I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表語從句，同位語從句中的應(yīng)用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即(should)+動詞原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
高考英語語法知識點(diǎn)2
代詞it、one、that的用法與區(qū)別
One泛指，指代前面提到的那類人或物，用于指代可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于a+名詞單數(shù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones前一般要有定語，否則就要用some.?
That(those復(fù)數(shù))即可指代不可數(shù)名詞，表特指，相當(dāng)于the+名詞，后面經(jīng)常與介詞修飾語連用。?It指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞，表示同類同物，另外還可表示時間、距離、天氣、還可指代人稱代詞，表示性別身份不明，可作形式主語，形式賓語，引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭配，如：get?it,?catch?it,?make?it.?
例如：①?I?have?lost?my?watch.?I?think?I?must?buy?one.我丟了只表，我想我必須再買一只。(代指上文指到的同類事物，但不指同一個)?
�、�?Where?is?my?pen??Have?you?seen?it?
我的.鋼筆不知弄到哪去了，你見了嗎?(代指上文提到的同一事物)?③?The?land?of?China?is?larger?than?that?of?America.?
④?Tome?has?a?red?pen?and?a?blue?one?(或two?blue?ones)?
�、�?He?has?no?child,?and?he?wants?toadopt?one?(或?some)??
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