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2016年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解精煉
2016年下半年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試時(shí)間為12月17日，下面是yjbys網(wǎng)小編提供給大家關(guān)于英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解精煉，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的備考有所幫助。
45. Does Travel Broaden The Mind? 1
One often hears it said that travel broadens themind: if you stay in your own country the whole time, your ideas remain narrow; whereas if you travelabroad you see new customs, eat new foods, do newthings, and come back home with a broader mind.
But does this always — or even usually — happen? An acquaintance2 of mine who lives in England andhad never been outside it until last summer, decided to go over3 to France for a trip. When hereturned, I asked him how he liked it.“Terrible, ”was his answer.“ I couldn’t get a nice cup of teaanywhere . 4 Thank goodness I’m back. ”I asked him whether he hadn’t had any good foodwhile he was there .“Oh, the dinners were all right, ”he said.“I found a little place where theymade quite good fish and chips. Not as good as ours, mind you5, but they were passable. Butthe breakfasts were terrible: no bacon or kippers. I had fried eggs and chips, but it was quite a6 business getting them to make them. They expected me to eat rolls. And when I asked formarmalade , they brought strawberry jam. And do you know, they insisted that it wasmarmalade? The trouble is they don’t know English. ”
I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word‘marmalade ’from French, and that itmeans, in that language, any kind of jam. So I said,“But didn’t you eat any of the famousFrench food?”“What? Me?”he said.“Of course not! Give me good old English food every time! None of these fancy bits for me! ”Obviously travel had not broadened his mind.
This does not, of course, happen only to Englishmen in France: all nationalities, in all foreigncountries, can be found judging what they see, hear, taste and smell according to their ownhabits and customs. People who are better educated and who have read a lot about foreigncountries tend to be more adaptable7 and tolerant8, but this is because their minds havealready been broadened before they start travelling. In fact, it is easier to be broad-mindedabout foreign habits and customs, if one’s acquaintance with these things is limited to booksand films. The American smiles tolerantly over the absence of central heating in most Englishhomes when he is himself comfortably seated in his armchair in his centrally heated house inChicago; the English man reads about the sanitary arrangements in a certain tropical country, and the inhabitants of the latter read about London fogs, and each side manages to bedetached and broad-minded. 9 But actual physical contact with things one is unaccustomed tois much more difficult to bear philosophically.
Perhaps the ideal would be if travel could succeed in making people tolerant of the habits andcustoms of others without abandoning their own. The criterion for judging a foreigner couldbe: Does he try to be polite and considerate to others? Instead of: Is he like me?
閱讀自測(cè)
Ⅰ. True o r Fa lse :
1. It is often said that if you travel abroad to see many new things, your mind will bebroadened.
2. The Englishman had a happy life when he travelled to France .
3. The word‘marmalade’is originally a French word, which means any kind of jam.
4. In the view of the author, people often judge things according to their own habits andcustoms.
5. The author thinks that people who are better educated and read a lot are easily to betolerant.
6. Tea , bacon, kippers, chips are all typical English food.
參考答案：
Ⅰ. 1. T 2. F 3 . T 4 . T 5 . T 6 . T
參考譯文
旅游新解
經(jīng)常聽(tīng)人說(shuō)旅游使人心胸開(kāi)闊: 如果人們一直呆在本國(guó), 思維就會(huì)很狹隘; 可要是人們 到國(guó)外旅游一番, 見(jiàn)識(shí)新的風(fēng)俗, 品嘗新的食物, 有過(guò)新的經(jīng)歷, 回來(lái)后心胸就開(kāi)闊多了。
可是事情總是——— 或者說(shuō)通常是這樣的嗎? 我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)住在英格蘭的朋友。在去年 夏天之前他從沒(méi)出過(guò)國(guó), 就決定去法國(guó)旅游一番�；貋�(lái)后, 我問(wèn)他感覺(jué)如何。“ 糟糕透 了, ”他說(shuō),“ 哪兒都弄不到一杯好茶喝。謝天謝地, 我回來(lái)了。”我問(wèn)他在法國(guó)有沒(méi)有品嘗 什么美味佳肴。“ 噢, 食物還不錯(cuò), ”他說(shuō),“ 我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)小地方, 那里的魚(yú)和薯?xiàng)l做得非 常好。說(shuō)真的, 雖不如我們的那么美味, 可還算說(shuō)得過(guò)去。但是早餐太糟糕了。既沒(méi)有熏 咸肉也沒(méi)有腌干魚(yú)。我吃煎蛋和薯?xiàng)l, 可要他們?nèi)プ鲞@些食物實(shí)在是件大難事。他們希望 我能吃點(diǎn)面包卷。可我問(wèn)他們要橘子醬( marmalade ) 時(shí), 他們卻給我拿來(lái)草莓醬。你知道 嗎? 他們竟還堅(jiān)持說(shuō)那就是橘子醬。問(wèn)題在于他們不懂英語(yǔ)。”
其實(shí)marmalade 一詞來(lái)自法語(yǔ), 它在法語(yǔ)中的意思是任何口味的果醬, 但我覺(jué)得給他解 釋這些無(wú)濟(jì)于事, 所以我說(shuō):“ 可是, 你沒(méi)有嘗嘗法國(guó)名菜嗎? ”“ 什么? 我? ”他問(wèn),“ 當(dāng)然沒(méi) 有! 每次我都點(diǎn)美味的英式食物! 可那些食物沒(méi)一樣能讓我滿(mǎn)意! ”很顯然, 旅游并沒(méi)有讓 他心胸開(kāi)闊。
當(dāng)然, 這種事并不只是發(fā)生在身處法國(guó)的英國(guó)人身上: 所有到國(guó)外去的人都是以他們 自己的習(xí)慣和風(fēng)俗去評(píng)價(jià)所見(jiàn)所聞及所品嘗的異國(guó)風(fēng)味。那些受過(guò)良好教育并熟知外國(guó) 國(guó)情的人更易于適應(yīng)新環(huán)境并比較寬容, 不過(guò)這是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诼糜沃靶男鼐鸵呀?jīng)開(kāi)闊 了。事實(shí)上, 對(duì)異國(guó)的習(xí)慣和風(fēng)俗的了解如果僅限于書(shū)本和電影的話, 人們的心胸更易開(kāi) 闊。當(dāng)一個(gè)美國(guó)人舒舒服服地坐在他在芝加哥的裝有中央取暖設(shè)施的房間中的扶手椅里 的時(shí)候, 他會(huì)對(duì)英國(guó)大部分住房沒(méi)有中央取暖設(shè)施報(bào)以寬容的一笑。英國(guó)人通過(guò)閱讀了解 到某一熱帶國(guó)家的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施, 而這一熱帶國(guó)家的人也從書(shū)面上了解了倫敦的霧。雙方都力 圖保持公正和寬容。而人們?cè)谟H身接觸自己不習(xí)慣的事物時(shí), 要做到達(dá)觀容忍就難多了。
也許, 理想的情況應(yīng)該是這樣的: 旅游既讓人們?nèi)萑坍愑虻牧?xí)慣和風(fēng)俗而又不放棄自 己的傳統(tǒng), 要是這樣就好了。評(píng)價(jià)外國(guó)人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就可能是: 看他是否禮貌待人, 是否體諒別 人, 而不是看他是否和自己一樣?
閱讀導(dǎo)評(píng)
人為何要旅游? 有人是為了開(kāi)闊心胸, 為了增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí), 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)“ 讀萬(wàn)卷書(shū), 行萬(wàn)里路”的理想。但也有很多人去旅游似乎只為追逐時(shí)尚。他們名為“ 旅游使人心胸開(kāi)闊”, 實(shí) 為日后的吹虛積攢談資。深居城市并受商業(yè)氣息侵蝕的人容易變得越來(lái)越淺薄, 偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn) 不一樣的事物就大驚小怪, 進(jìn)而“排除異己”。他們算是“ 少見(jiàn)多怪”之人。真正有學(xué)問(wèn)有 文化的人一般更具有包容性, 他們常常“ 見(jiàn)怪不怪”。這是兩種不同的境界。
閱讀導(dǎo)釋
1. 題目的字面意思是“旅游能讓人心胸開(kāi)闊嗎?”一說(shuō)到旅游, 大家的反應(yīng)就是旅游可以使 人心胸開(kāi)闊。漸漸地, 這似乎成了公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而這篇文章恰恰唱起了反調(diào), 從一個(gè)反 面例子巧妙地論述作者自己的見(jiàn)解: 旅游和心胸開(kāi)闊不成因果關(guān)系。
2 - 3. acquaintance 是指“相識(shí)的人, 熟人”, 如: a nodding acquaintance ( 點(diǎn)頭之交或膚淺的知 識(shí), 皮毛) ; a speaking acquaintance ( 見(jiàn)了面談幾句的朋友, 泛泛之交) ; make the acquaintance ofsomebody ( 或make somebody’s acquaintance) ( 結(jié)識(shí)某人) ; He has a wide acquaintance. ( 他交游甚廣。) go over 在這里指“走過(guò)去, 走訪, 離家遠(yuǎn)行, 旅行”, 如: He has gone over to the coast for afew days. ( 他已去沿海一帶, 要過(guò)幾天才回來(lái)。)
4. 這句話給了大家一個(gè)很好的關(guān)于英國(guó)飲食文化的暗示: 飲茶。英國(guó)的茶分為上午茶和下 午茶。一般喝上午茶的時(shí)間是10 點(diǎn)到11 點(diǎn)之間; 下午3 點(diǎn)到5 點(diǎn)稱(chēng)下午茶( afternoon tea time) , 5 點(diǎn)到6 點(diǎn)之間的則稱(chēng)為傍晚茶( high tea) 。19 世紀(jì), 英國(guó)上流社會(huì)的紳士名 媛開(kāi)始盛行喝下午茶, 冬天時(shí)就在溫暖的爐火邊, 夏天則是在繁花盛開(kāi)的花園里。它最 重要的功能是讓上流社會(huì)的人聯(lián)絡(luò)感情, 交換信息。下文出現(xiàn)的fried fish andchips ( 煎 魚(yú)和薯?xiàng)l) ; bacon ( 熏咸肉) ; kipper ( 腌干魚(yú)) 都是典型的英式食物。
5. mind you, 用作插入語(yǔ), 意思是“說(shuō)真的或請(qǐng)注意, 請(qǐng)聽(tīng)清楚”, 如: He is a very nice fellow, mind you, but I wouldn’t want to marry him. ( 說(shuō)真的, 他是個(gè)很好的人, 但我不想嫁給 他。) 和mind 連用的詞語(yǔ)還有很多, 如諺語(yǔ): Many men, many minds. ( 十個(gè)人, 十條心。 或譯: 人多心不齊。) Out of sight, outof mind. ( 眼不見(jiàn), 心不煩。)
6. quite a 是個(gè)非常有用的搭配用法, 作“ 異常的, 出眾的, 相當(dāng)大或多的”解, 如: quite a hero ( 了不起的英雄) ; quite a girl ( 不尋常的姑娘) ; It was quite a sight. ( 那是很特別的景象。) 和quite 連用的詞語(yǔ)還有: quite a bit ( 相當(dāng)數(shù)量, 相當(dāng)程度) ; quite a few ( 相當(dāng)多, 不少) ; quite another ( 一個(gè)完全不同的) ; quite other ( 完全不同的) 。
7 - 8. 這個(gè)句子中的adaptable 指“ 能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的, 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的”, tolerant 則是“ 寬容的, 容 忍的, 忍受的”。
9. 這一句比較長(zhǎng), 閱讀時(shí)要注意斷句。分號(hào)之前是由when 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句, 帶有對(duì)比的含義; 分號(hào)后是由and連接的三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。句中的central heating 是指“ 集中取暖法, 集 中供暖法”; sanitary 的意思是“公共衛(wèi)生的”; detached 在這里是指“ 不帶感情的, 公正的, 超然的”, 如: a detached air ( 超然的神態(tài)) ; adetached view ( 不偏不倚的觀點(diǎn)) 。
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