初中英語常見錯(cuò)誤之A系列

　　引導(dǎo)語：錯(cuò)題本是中考英語的高分秘籍。他能讓我們總結(jié)錯(cuò)誤思路，得到正確答案，大大提高我們的分?jǐn)?shù)。以下是YJBYS的小編為大家整理的初中英語常見錯(cuò)誤之A系列。希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)能有所幫助!

　　A

　　a

　　[誤] I think it is an useful English dictionary.

　　[正] I think it is a useful English dictionary.

　　[析] 在不定冠詞a與an的用法中要注意的一點(diǎn)是:an用在以元音開頭的詞之前;而a則用在以輔音開頭的詞之前。要特別注意的是以u(píng)字母打頭的單詞,如useful,university等,其第一個(gè)音標(biāo)是[j],所以要特別予以注意。

　　[誤] I need a hour to finish this letter.

　　[正] I need an hour to finish this letter.

　　[析] 要注意hour和honest的第一個(gè)字母不發(fā)音。

　　[誤] My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.

　　[正] My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.

　　[析] 要注意以u(píng)打頭的單詞,它的發(fā)音為[?]時(shí),單數(shù)名詞前要用an,如uncle等。

　　[誤] There is a "f" in the word "football".

　　[正] There is an "f" in the word "football".

　　[析] 英文字母單獨(dú)使用時(shí),如其第一個(gè)發(fā)音是元音時(shí),其前面的不定冠詞應(yīng)該用an而不是a.

　　[誤] I have a little brother. He is a 8?year?old boy.

　　[正] I have a little brother. He is an 8?year?old boy.

　　[析] 要注意這些字母的第一個(gè)發(fā)音為元音,如eight, eleven等。

　　able

　　[誤] This bike is able to be repaired.

　　[正] This bike can be repaired.

　　[析] be able to 主要表達(dá)某事或某人具有某種能力去作某事,應(yīng)譯為"有本領(lǐng)"、"有能力"、"可以"作某事,如:I'm able to swim across this river. 而can可以用來表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:This radio can be repaired here.

　　about

　　[誤] This class is about to begin just now.

　　[正] This class is about to begin.

　　[析] 要注意be about to 是"將要"的意思,含有將來時(shí)之意,不要與表示過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。另外,be about to 一般用作書面語,對(duì)應(yīng)的口語是be going to.

　　about on

　　about與on都可以作"關(guān)于"講,但卻有所不同,例如:This book is about physics. 應(yīng)譯為"這是一本關(guān)于物理學(xué)的科普讀物。"而:This book is on physics.則應(yīng)譯為"這是一本物理學(xué)方面的專著。"

　　above

　　[誤] The temperature is five degrees over zero.

　　[正] The temperature is five degrees above zero.

　　[析] 表達(dá)"在……上方"時(shí),above與over是可以互換的,如:The sky is above(or over)our heads. 但是要表達(dá)在垂直方向上的上方時(shí)則應(yīng)用above不可用over,如:The sun has risen above the horizon.

　　[誤] There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.

　　[正] There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.

　　[析] 當(dāng)表達(dá)覆蓋之意時(shí),只可用over而不能用above.

　　[誤] There is a bridge above the river.

　　[正] There is a bridge over the river.

　　[析] 用來表達(dá)"從……上方越過"時(shí)不能用above只能用over,如:The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 則應(yīng)譯為"在橋的上游有一個(gè)瀑布。"

　　across

　　[誤] He ran across the wood.

　　[正] He ran through the wood.

　　[析] across是指某一動(dòng)作在一平面內(nèi)進(jìn)行,而through則是指該動(dòng)作在一三維立體空間的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程。如:The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.

　　across的主要用法有兩個(gè)。其一,意為"對(duì)面",如:There is a school just across the street. 其二,意為"橫過",如:He walked across the street.

　　afraid

　　[誤] I dont't afraid of him.

　　[正] I am not afraid of him.

　　[析] 要注意"害怕"afraid一詞在英語中不是動(dòng)詞,而是形容詞,要與be動(dòng)詞連用。

　　after

　　[誤] Two weeks after he left.

　　[正] Two weeks later he left.

　　[正] He left after two weeks.

　　[析] 要表達(dá)"在多少時(shí)間之后",英語中有兩種表達(dá)法,即:用later時(shí),要時(shí)間在前,如three hours later; 而用after時(shí)要時(shí)間在后,如after three hours.

　　[誤] My father will be back after a few hours.

　　[正] My father will be back in a few hours.

　　[析] 受中文的影響,這個(gè)介詞常常被誤用。當(dāng)你要表達(dá)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)某個(gè)動(dòng)作可以完成時(shí),一定要用in,而不能用after,因?yàn)閍fter是指在某一時(shí)間之后。例如:This work will be done in two days. 即表明在兩天內(nèi)這一工作一定會(huì)做完。而如用了after,即表示在兩天之后,完成的時(shí)間是不確定的。

　　after behind

　　after多用于表示順序的前后,如:She walked in the line after Tom. 或用來表示"追趕",表示一種動(dòng)態(tài),如:He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于強(qiáng)調(diào)先進(jìn)與落后,如:She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表達(dá)"遲于",如:The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者與表示靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用,如:She hid herself behind the flowers.

　　afternoon

　　[誤] He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.

　　[正] He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.

　　[析] 習(xí)慣用的詞組in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修飾詞后其前面的介詞in都要改為on,不論其修飾詞在前還是在后,如:He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如:Are you free on Sunday afternoon?

　　against

　　[誤] He against me.

　　[正] He is against me.

　　[析] 要注意against意為"反對(duì)",但它在英文中卻不是動(dòng)詞,而是介詞,如要講反對(duì)某事或某人時(shí)則要加動(dòng)詞be, 如:He is against somebody/something.

　　against for

　　against意為"反對(duì)"、"不贊成";而for則意為"同意",為其反意詞。如:Are you for or against the plan?

　　age

　　[誤] He is twenty years old of age.

　　[正] He is twenty.

　　[正] He is twenty years old.

　　[正] He is at the age of twenty.

　　ago

　　[誤] Tom's father has been dead five years ago.

　　[正] Tom's father died five years ago.

　　[析] ago意為由說話時(shí)算起,若干時(shí)間以前。它只能和一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)連用,而不要與完成時(shí)連用。

　　[誤] Yesterday I met a friend. We didn't see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.

　　[正] Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.

　　[析] 要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的從句之中,只是從句應(yīng)用過去時(shí),但不影響主句的時(shí)態(tài)。

　　agree

　　[誤] Does the teacher agree to us?

　　[正] Does the teacher agree with us?

　　[誤] Does he agree with our plan?

　　[正] Does he agree with us?

　　[析] agree with 指"同意某人的提議、建議、計(jì)劃"等。如果要講同意某項(xiàng)計(jì)劃則要用agree to, 如:Do you agree to the plan?

　　all

　　[誤] The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.

　　[正] The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.

　　[析] all是指三者或以上的全部,而both則是指"兩者都"。

　　[誤] The all children are playing football now.

　　[正] All the children are playing football now.

　　[析] all作修飾詞時(shí)其位置要在所有的修飾詞之前,不論這些修飾詞是定冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞或名詞,或代詞的所有格。

　　[誤] You all are right.

　　[正] You are all right.

　　[析] all作同位語時(shí)其位置要置于be動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,如:The teachers all work hard. 或用于第一助動(dòng)詞之后,如:The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.

　　almost

　　[誤] Nearly nobody thinks he is right.

　　[正] Almost nobody thinks he is right.

　　[析] nearly與almost是近意詞,其含意差別不大,但是與否定詞連用時(shí)要用almost, 例如:She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的almost不能用nearly替換。

　　alone

　　[誤] The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely.

　　[正] The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.

　　[析] alone, lone, lonely 三個(gè)詞全具有"孤單、孤獨(dú)"之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定語,而alone則只能作表語,lonely則多指感情上與感覺上的孤獨(dú)。

　　already

　　[誤] We are already for the work.

　　[正] We are all ready for the work.

　　[析] already 是副詞,其意為"已經(jīng)",如:He already knew about it. 而all ready為形容詞意為"準(zhǔn)備好"。

　　already yet

　　already多用于肯定句中,例如:The students have already finished the work. 而yet則多用于疑問句與否定句中,如:Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.

　　also

　　[誤] I didn't find the dictionary also.

　　[正] I didn't find the dictionary either.

　　[析] 作為"也"講,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.

　　also too

　　also與too都可用在肯定句中表示"也",但also通常用于be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,如:I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too.

　　always

　　[誤] Always he asked himself why he had come here.

　　[正] He always asked himself why he had come here.

　　[析] always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于動(dòng)詞之前第一助動(dòng)詞之后,如:I've always thought he is honest. 又如:He is always late.

　　among

　　[誤] If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive?

　　[正] If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?

　　[析] among常用于三個(gè)事物或人物之間,而between則多用于兩者之間。

　　an

　　[誤] This is an useful dictionary.

　　[正] This is a useful dictionary.

　　[析] 詳見a條。

　　and

　　[誤] He did not speak loudly and clearly.

　　[正] He did not speak loudly nor clearly.

　　[誤] Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.

　　[正] Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.

　　[析] "和"這一概念在肯定句中應(yīng)用and,但在否定句中則要用or

　　angry

　　[誤] My mother was angry to me.

　　[正] My mother was angry with me.

　　[誤] He was angry with what I said.

　　[正] He was angry at what I said.

　　[析] 要注意be angry后面如果接人,表示"對(duì)某人生氣不滿"時(shí)應(yīng)用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物時(shí)要用be angry at something.

　　another

　　[誤] I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.

　　[正] I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.

　　[析] 要注意英語中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,現(xiàn)分別說明如下:another作形容詞其意為:泛指的另一個(gè)或再一個(gè),別的,類似的。一般在句中作定語,如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another還可以作為代詞用,如:One student said:"I want to play baskball."another said:"I want to play football."?other作形容詞其意為"泛指其余的,別的"。如:I have other books besides these. 又如:Ask some other people please. the other則為特指,作形容詞時(shí)其后面可接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,單數(shù))又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,復(fù)數(shù))但當(dāng)the other作為代詞時(shí),它代表的可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (單數(shù))又如:There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(復(fù)數(shù))are boys. 要注意的是當(dāng)the other作主語時(shí),其后面的謂語動(dòng)詞要視具體情況而定,它可能是單數(shù),也可能是復(fù)數(shù)。others則只能作代詞,其意為other ones即為:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作為代詞,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.

　　answer

　　[誤] Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.

　　[正] Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.

　　[析] answer與reply是近意詞,作為及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有時(shí)二者是可以互換的,如:The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定場合則不易互換。作為應(yīng)答之意時(shí)則多用answer,如:You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.

　　any

　　[誤] Do you have some questions?

　　[正] Do you have any questions?

　　[析] some一般要用于肯定句,而any則用于否定句或疑問句。

　　[誤] China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

　　[正] China is larger than any other country in Asia.

　　[析] 要注意any other 其后要跟單數(shù)名詞,但any of the other 其后要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。?China? is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.

　　[誤] Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.

　　[正] Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.

　　[析] anyone只能指人,而any one即可指人 也可以指物。

　　around

　　[誤] The nine planets go around of the sun.

　　[正] The nine planets go around the sun.

　　[析] around后面不要再加介詞,如:The sun shines all around us.

　　around round

　　作介詞用的around與round通�？梢曰�換,只不過美語常用around,而英語常用round,例如:You can see the post office round/around that corner. (繞過那個(gè)彎你就可以看到郵局。但是一定要區(qū)別它們的不同之處:round可以用作形容詞、副詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞;而around只能用作副詞或介詞。例如:The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介詞). He has round face (用作形容詞). The river rounded the stones. (用作動(dòng)詞)

　　arrive

　　[誤] I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.

　　[正] I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.

　　[正] I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.

　　[誤] He arrived in the school at 11∶00.

　　[正] He arrived at the school at 11∶00.

　　[析] arrive為不及物動(dòng)詞,當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)的是較大的地理區(qū)域時(shí)用介詞in,而到達(dá)較小的地方時(shí)則用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village.

　　arrive reach get

　　arrive如上所述是不及物動(dòng)詞,而reach則是及物動(dòng)詞。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,作"到達(dá)"講時(shí)其后面多與to連用。如:When did you get to New York?

　　as

　　[誤] This man works in the bank for a manager.

　　[正] This man works in the bank as a manager.

　　[析] as與for有時(shí)是可以通用的。如:This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用來指官銜、職位時(shí)只能用as.

　　[誤] My brother is so taller as Tom.

　　[正] My brother is as tall as Tom.

　　[析] as… as之間只能用形容詞與副詞的原級(jí),而不能用比較級(jí)。在否定句中可以用so…as,也可以用as…as,但在肯定句中只能用as…as,如:He is not so tall as Tom.

　　[誤] I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.

　　[正] I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.

　　[析] as soon as所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中應(yīng)使用一般時(shí)態(tài)表示將來。

　　ask

　　[誤] The student asked a question to the teacher.

　　[正] The student asked the teacher a question.

　　[析] ask應(yīng)接雙賓語,即ask somebody something.

　　[誤] They asked some books.

　　[正] They asked for some books.

　　[析] 向某人要求某物時(shí)應(yīng)用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如:He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.

　　asleep

　　[誤] He is deeply asleep.

　　[正] He is fast asleep.

　　[析] 要講"熟睡",就要用fast來修飾asleep。另外, 在英語中一般不講somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。關(guān)于睡覺這一詞的慣用法還有:go to sleep(如:The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.), fall asleep(如:I fell asleep at English class yes terday.)

　　at

　　[誤] It will really do you no harm quite.

　　[正] It will really do you no harm at all.

　　[析] at all和quite的漢語意思均為"全然"、"確定的",但at all適用于否定句,例如:? -I'm sorry. I'm late.

　　-No trouble at all.

　　又如:I don't think it is right at all. 而quite則適用于肯定句,例如:He is quite a good teacher.

　　[誤] The children play football for lunch.

　　[正] The children play football at lunch.

　　[析] 英語中的at lunch為"在吃午飯時(shí)"。這種慣用法還有at work(在工作),at table(在吃飯),at desk(在學(xué)習(xí))。而for lunch則是為午飯而準(zhǔn)備的食物,又如:We had some milk for breakfast.

　　[誤] There is a post office in the corner of the street.

　　[正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.

　　[析] at the corner是指墻外面的角,而in the corner是指建筑物內(nèi)部的角落。例如:There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.

　　at in on

　　在表示時(shí)間時(shí)用來表示具體鐘點(diǎn)用at,如:He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午時(shí)要用in,如:I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是,in the morning和in the afternoon這兩個(gè)詞組中如果加入了任何修飾詞,其介詞要換為on, 如:on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如:See you on Monday morning. 如講到具體的某一天,要用on, 如:on Sunday, 如:I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在談到周、月、季、年時(shí)要用in,如:All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣誕節(jié)、復(fù)活節(jié)、感恩節(jié)時(shí)都用at, 如:Where are you going at Easter.

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