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2016年GMAT語(yǔ)法高分平行知識(shí)點(diǎn)
gmat考試當(dāng)日，考生有3小時(shí)30分鐘的時(shí)間去完成GMAT考試的四個(gè)組成部分：分析性寫作、綜合推理、定量推理和文本邏輯推理。下面我們一起來(lái)看看最新的考試高分平行知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧!
一、Parallelism: Concrete Nouns and Action Nouns具體名詞與動(dòng)作名詞
我們第5章時(shí)學(xué)過具體名詞與具體名詞平行，動(dòng)作名詞與動(dòng)作名詞平行。
具體名詞(concrete nouns)指事物、人物、地方、時(shí)間段以及特定的事件，如rock, continent, electron, politician, region, holiday, week。
動(dòng)作名詞(action nouns)指動(dòng)作，由動(dòng)詞組成，如eruption, pollution, nomination, withdrawal, development, change, growth
然而平行結(jié)構(gòu)沒這么簡(jiǎn)單，今天我們將學(xué)習(xí)更難的動(dòng)名詞的平行，動(dòng)名詞分為簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞和復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞
簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)(Simple gerund phrases)在短語(yǔ)的開始沒有冠詞(a、an、the)，如Tracking satellites accurately is important for the space agency.
復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)(Complex gerund phrases)短語(yǔ)的開始有冠詞，如The accurate tracking of satellites is important for the space agency.
在GMAT考試中，簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞不能與復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞平行，如下面的錯(cuò)誤例子：I enjoyed drinking the water AND the wine tasting. Drinking water是簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，而the wine tasting是復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，所以錯(cuò)誤。
應(yīng)該改為：I enjoyed drinking the water AND tasting the wine.
此外，只有復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)能夠與動(dòng)作名詞平行，如下面的錯(cuò)誤句子The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, raising the rebel flagon holidays, AND a general pardon.
Withdrawal、reductions、pardon都是動(dòng)作名詞，而raising是簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞，所以不能是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該改為：The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, the raising of the rebel flag on holidays, AND a general pardon.
當(dāng)然了，如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)作名詞的形式，就不要用復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞的形式，看下面的三個(gè)例句體會(huì)下
Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND releasing certain political prisoners. 動(dòng)作名詞與一般動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)不平行，所以錯(cuò)誤
Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawing of government forces from disputed regions AND the releasing of certain political prisoners. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)都有動(dòng)作名詞形式，所以錯(cuò)誤
Right: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND the release of certain political prisoners.
總之，名詞的平行一共有四種：具體名詞與具體名詞;動(dòng)作名詞與動(dòng)作名詞;動(dòng)作名詞與復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞;簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞與簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞。大家要記住哦~
二、Adjectives and Participles形容詞與分詞
在一些情況下，形容詞可以與現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞平行(現(xiàn)在分詞是形容詞性，動(dòng)名詞是名詞詞性，雖然他們寫法都以ing結(jié)尾，但大家不要弄混)
過去分詞與形容詞平行：A mastodon carcass, thawed only once AND still fresh, is on display.
Thawed和fresh都修飾carcass，thawed是過去分詞，而fresh是形容詞，但他們是平行的，因?yàn)樗鼈兌计鸬叫稳菰~的作用。
形容詞與現(xiàn)在分詞平行：Only a few feet wide BUT spanning a continent, the railroad changed history.形容詞wide與現(xiàn)在分詞跨越spanning都起到修飾the road的作用，二者平行。
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