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2016年GMAT句子改錯練習(xí)題及解析
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1. According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing,” followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
(A) that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come
(B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
(C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
(D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
(E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming
答案解析如下：
(A)that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come
【正確】 “that ”引導(dǎo)的從句作同位語正確地修飾了“confidence”，敘述了“信息”的具體內(nèi)容，過去完成時的“had feared”與“earlier in the year(今年更早些時候)”語義搭配合理。
【大意】 根據(jù)一些分析師的說法，股票市場的利得反映了正在增長的信心：經(jīng)濟(jì)將避免早些時候人們擔(dān)憂的衰退并達(dá)到一個由商業(yè)活動逐漸增加跟隨著的“軟著陸”。
(B)in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
【錯誤1】 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：有日常邏輯可知，“to avoid the recession”和“to come”本意上應(yīng)是平行的，但兩個平行的對象不能僅僅用“rather”一個詞連接。
【錯誤2】 固定搭配：不存在“confidence in X to do sth.”表達(dá)“對X做某事有信心”的用法。
(C)in the economy's ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
【錯誤】 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：有日常邏輯可知，“to avoid the recession”和“to come”本意上應(yīng)是平行的，但兩個平行的對象不能僅僅用“rather”一個詞連接。
(D)in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
【錯誤1】 動詞時態(tài)：“many were fearing”遜于過去完成時的“had feared”，因?yàn)?ldquo;had feared”和“earlier in the year”更加搭配——今年更早些時候，屬于“過去的過去”。
【錯誤2】 固定搭配：見(B)中【錯誤2】。
(E)that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming
【錯誤1】 動詞時態(tài)：類似地，見(D)中【錯誤1】。
【錯誤2】 簡潔明了：在GMAT考察的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書面英語中，主動句簡潔性優(yōu)于被動句，因此“that was feared”簡潔性遜于(A)中“that many had feared”。
【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】
(C)中兩個本應(yīng)平行的“to do”結(jié)構(gòu)沒有“and”連接，排除，不存在“confidence in X to do sth.”表達(dá)“對X做某事有信心”的用法，排除(B)、(D)。
(A)比(B)相對簡潔，因此選擇(A)。
2. The automotive conveyor-belt system, which Henry Ford modeled after an assembly-line technique introduced by Ransom Olds, reduced from a day and a half to 93 minutes the required time of assembling a Model T.
(A) from a day and a half to 93 minutes the required time of assembling a Model T
(B) the time being required to assemble a Model T, from a day and a half down to 93 minutes
(C) the time being required to assemble a Model T, a day and a half to 93 minutes
(D) the time required to assemble a Model T from a day and a half to 93 minutes
(E) from a day and a half to 93 minutes, the time required for the assembling of a Model T
答案解析如下：
(A)from a day and a half to 93 minutes the required time of assembling a Model T
【錯誤】 簡潔明了：在GMAT語法題中表達(dá)同一個意思時，簡潔性從高到低依次為動詞、形容詞和副詞、一般名詞、動名詞(簡稱VANing原則：V——verb，A——adj.或adv.，N——noun，ing——動名詞)，所以“the required time of assembling”相比 (D)中“time required to assemble”較不簡潔。
(B)the time being required to assemble a Model T, from a day and a half down to 93 minutes
【錯誤】 簡潔明了：“time being required”中的“being”完全是多余的。
(C)the time being required to assemble a Model T, a day and a half to 93 minutes
【錯誤】 簡潔明了：類似地，見(B)。
(D)the time required to assemble a Model T from a day and a half to 93 minutes
【正確】 “required to assemble”的簡潔性優(yōu)于其他使用“being required”和“assembling”的選項(xiàng)。
【大意】 自動傳送帶系統(tǒng)，一種Henry Ford對Ransom Olds引入的流水線技術(shù)的模仿，將組裝T型車需要的時間從一天半較少到93分鐘。
(E)from a day and a half to 93 minutes, the time required for the assembling of a Model T
【錯誤】 簡潔明了：類似地，見(A)。
【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】
本題是少有的簡潔性解題原則極為有效的例題。(D)沒有任何錯誤，而(A)、(B)、(C)、(E)各存在不簡潔的地方，因此選擇(D)。
[P680]
3. According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
(A)that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come
【正確】 “that ”引導(dǎo)的從句作同位語正確地修飾了“confidence”，敘述了“信息”的具體內(nèi)容，過去完成時的“had feared”與“earlier in the year(今年更早些時候)”語義搭配合理。
【大意】 根據(jù)一些分析師的說法，股票市場的利得反映了正在增長的信心：經(jīng)濟(jì)將避免早些時候人們擔(dān)憂的衰退并達(dá)到一個由商業(yè)活動逐漸增加跟隨著的“軟著陸”。
(B)in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
【錯誤1】 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：有日常邏輯可知，“to avoid the recession”和“to come”本意上應(yīng)是平行的，但兩個平行的對象不能僅僅用“rather”一個詞連接。
【錯誤2】 固定搭配：不存在“confidence in X to do sth.”表達(dá)“對X做某事有信心”的用法。
(C)in the economy's ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
【錯誤】 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：有日常邏輯可知，“to avoid the recession”和“to come”本意上應(yīng)是平行的，但兩個平行的對象不能僅僅用“rather”一個詞連接。
(D)in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
【錯誤1】 動詞時態(tài)：“many were fearing”遜于過去完成時的“had feared”，因?yàn)?ldquo;had feared”和“earlier in the year”更加搭配——今年更早些時候，屬于“過去的過去”。
【錯誤2】 固定搭配：見(B)中【錯誤2】。
(E)that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming
【錯誤1】 動詞時態(tài)：類似地，見(D)中【錯誤1】。
【錯誤2】 簡潔明了：在GMAT考察的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書面英語中，主動句簡潔性優(yōu)于被動句，因此“that was feared”簡潔性遜于(A)中“that many had feared”。
【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】
(C)中兩個本應(yīng)平行的“to do”結(jié)構(gòu)沒有“and”連接，排除，不存在“confidence in X to do sth.”表達(dá)“對X做某事有信心”的用法，排除(B)、(D)。
(A)比(B)相對簡潔，因此選擇(A)。
[P680]
3. To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, and she remained in France during the Second World War as a performer and an intelligence agent for the Resistance.
(A) To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate,
(B) For Josephine Baker, long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Paris was her home,
(C) Josephine Baker made Paris her home long before to be an expatriate was fashionable,
(D) Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home,
(E) Long before it was fashionable being an expatriate, Paris was home to Josephine Baker,
答案解析如下：
(A)To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate,
【錯誤】 句子意思：“Paris was her home”和“she remained in France”平行，雖然在語法上沒有明顯錯誤，但一面說“巴黎怎么怎么樣”，另一面說“she(Josephine Baker)怎么怎么樣”，相比(D)中
“Josephine Baker made……”和“she remained……”的平行結(jié)構(gòu)表意稍遜。
(B)For Josephine Baker, long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Paris was her home,
【錯誤】 句子意思：見(A)。
(C)Josephine Baker made Paris her home long before to be an expatriate was fashionable,
【錯誤】 簡潔明了：“to be an expatriate was fashionable”給讀者“頭重腳輕”的感覺，簡潔性次于(D)中“it was fashionable to be an expatriate”。
(D)Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home,
【正確】 “it was fashionable to be an expatriate”用“it”作形式主語指代后置的“to be an expatriate”，表意簡潔準(zhǔn)確。“Josephine Baker made Paris her home”與“she remained in France during the Second World War”邏輯含義上平行，因此合理地用“and”平行在一起。
【大意】 在外派變得時髦的很早以前，Josephine Baker就把巴黎當(dāng)成了自己的家，并在二戰(zhàn)期間當(dāng)演員兼抵抗軍的特工。
(E)Long before it was fashionable being an expatriate, Paris was home to Josephine Baker,
【錯誤】 句子意思：類似地，見(A)。
【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】
本題對于中國考生有一定難度，因?yàn)檎Z法上五個選項(xiàng)均沒有十分明顯的錯誤，屬于需要根據(jù)句意和簡潔性優(yōu)中選優(yōu)的題目。
(D)因?yàn)檎Z義上更平行——“and”連接的兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)均是人做主語，且更具簡潔性——“it was fashionable to be an expatriate”避免了“頭重腳輕”的句式，是五個選項(xiàng)中的最佳表達(dá)。
因此選擇(D)。
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