劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)考試高級(jí)閱讀加分訓(xùn)練
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原文閱讀：瑞士公投支持限制高管薪資
European executive pay has come under attack for the second time in less than a week after Swiss voters overwhelmingly backed curbs on corporate wages that snatch the power away from company boards.
The move comes on the heels of European-wide steps last Thursday to address top management pay, which has been a lightning rod for public anger across the world since the financial crisis.
EU proposals to cap bankers’ bonuses at twice their salary have stunned the City of London, with senior bankers warning that the cap will drive top staff to Asia or New York and eventually prompt a shift in operations from London. “This will have consequences,” said one high-ranking executive at a leading investment bank in London.
The referendum in Switzerland has introduced an even broader set of curbs after 68 per cent of voters approved rules that include giving shareholders a binding say on executive pay; banning golden hellos and goodbyes; requiring annual re-elections for directors; and threatening criminal sanctions for non-compliance.
Brigitta Moser-Harder, an activist shareholder who spearheaded the yes-campaign together with entrepreneur Thomas Minder, said that the result, one of the most emphatic yes-votes ever in a Swiss referendum, sent a clear signal to companies both within and beyond Switzerland’s borders.
“The EU is already capping bankers’ bonuses and now the Swiss people has spoken very clearly as well. The message to company boards and managers is: you have to rein in executive pay,” she said.
Britain plans to mount a last-ditch attempt to revise the EU bonus cap at a meeting of finance ministers on Tuesday with chancellor George Osborne trying to gather opposition to the proposal. But while Mr Osborne is fighting to change some details, the prospects of a big reversal are slim. An overwhelming majority of EU member states is willing to sign up to the political deal reached with the European parliament, which is part of legislation to enact a sweeping overhaul of bank capital rules.
學(xué)習(xí)指南：
1.Word of the day
snatch: If something is snatched from you, it is stolen, usually using force.If a person issnatched, they are taken away by force. 強(qiáng)搶;奪走
ex:If your bag is snatched, let it go.
例句：要是有人搶你的包，就讓他拿走。
小編注：不知你是否看過一部名叫《Snatch》的電影，在電影中，小偷、劫匪、黑幫以及布拉德皮特扮演的騙子為了一顆價(jià)值連城的鉆石上演了一場(chǎng)無厘頭的大亂斗，該片中文名被翻譯成了《偷拐搶騙》，真是把snatch這個(gè)單詞的含義發(fā)揮得淋漓盡致。snatch一詞主要有“用暴力手段強(qiáng)搶”的意思，例句中介紹了“搶包”的說法，此外我們也可以說somebody snatches victory from the jaws of defeat，“從失敗的嘴里奪回了勝利”，那就意味著“反敗為勝”。在本文中snatch的含義也是“奪走”，然而文中“奪走”的就不是什么鉆石了，而是比鉆石更值錢的董事會(huì)的權(quán)力。
2.Phrase of the day
last-ditch attempt: a last-ditch action is done only because there are no other ways left to achieve something or to prevent something happening.It is often done without much hope that it will succeed. 孤注一擲;最后一搏
ex:a last-ditch attempt to prevent civil war.
例句：阻止內(nèi)戰(zhàn)發(fā)生的最后努力。
3.Sentence of the day
The move comes on the heels of European-wide steps last Thursday to address top management pay, which has been a lightning rod for public anger across the world since the financial crisis.
此前歐盟(EU)在上周四采取措施，解決公司最高管理層薪資問題，自金融危機(jī)以來，管理層薪資成為引起全球公眾憤怒的眾矢之的。
小編注：heel的意思是腳后跟，come on the heels of 按字面意思很容易能聯(lián)想到“緊接著”這個(gè)含義，有點(diǎn)類似中文成語(yǔ)“接踵而至”但含義并不相同，可以翻譯成“緊隨其后”，此處譯文簡(jiǎn)練地用“此前”帶出了兩件事的前后關(guān)系，是新聞的常見譯法。address一詞在此句中的意思與我們常用的“地址”、“發(fā)表演說”等意思不同，而是解釋為“對(duì)付;處理;設(shè)法了解并解決”，這是需要關(guān)注的一點(diǎn)。同樣的用法例如：
ex1:Mr King sought to address those fears when he spoke at the meeting.
例句1：金先生在會(huì)上講話時(shí)試圖消除那些恐懼。
ex2:Throughout the book we have addressed ourselves to the problem of ethics.
例句2：整本書中我們都在探討倫理觀的問題。
4.Cultural point of the day
cap與hat的區(qū)別: cap和hat中文里都解釋為帽子，cap一般沒有帽檐，但會(huì)有帽舌(就像棒球帽或警察制服的帽子)，而hat是指有檐的帽，如女孩夏天用來遮陽(yáng)的帽子，或是英國(guó)紳士戴的那種禮帽。文中cap的用法類似籃球迷熟悉的“NBA工資帽”——"salary cap",屬于cap的引申義。而足球迷熟悉的“帽子戲法”則叫做"hat-trick"，最早來自板球術(shù)語(yǔ)。
5.Translation of the day
The referendum in Switzerland has introduced an even broader set of curbs after 68 per cent of voters approved rules that include giving shareholders a binding say on executive pay; banning golden hellos and goodbyes; requiring annual re-elections for directors; and threatening criminal sanctions for non-compliance.
瑞士公投提出了更為廣泛的限制，68%的投票者支持下列規(guī)定：賦予股東對(duì)高管薪資具有約束力的發(fā)言權(quán);禁止向高管發(fā)放高額入職獎(jiǎng)金和離職補(bǔ)償金;要求公司董事每年改選;對(duì)不合規(guī)行為可能采取刑事處罰。
小編注：原文中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)以that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，用來表明其前面的名詞rules的具體內(nèi)容，由于rules的內(nèi)容有四條，使得這個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句很長(zhǎng)，所以不能用“……的”來翻譯，而可以借鑒如譯文中的“下列”這樣的譯法。
European executive pay has come under attack for the second time in less than a week after Swiss voters overwhelmingly backed curbs on corporate wages that snatch the power away from company boards.
絕大多數(shù)瑞士投票者支持對(duì)企業(yè)薪資實(shí)施限制，這一限制將剝奪公司董事會(huì)的'權(quán)力，這是歐洲高管薪資在不到一周的時(shí)間內(nèi)第二次遭到抨擊。
The move comes on the heels of European-wide steps last Thursday to address top management pay, which has been a lightning rod for public anger across the world since the financial crisis.
此前歐盟(EU)在上周四采取措施，解決公司最高管理層薪資問題，自金融危機(jī)以來，管理層薪資成為引起全球公眾憤怒的眾矢之的。
EU proposals to cap bankers’ bonuses at twice their salary have stunned the City of London, with senior bankers warning that the cap will drive top staff to Asia or New York and eventually prompt a shift in operations from London. “This will have consequences,” said one high-ranking executive at a leading investment bank in London.
歐盟提議將銀行家獎(jiǎng)金限制在兩倍薪資的水平，這令倫敦金融城(City of London)感到震驚，高級(jí)銀行家警告稱，這一限制將導(dǎo)致最優(yōu)秀的員工流失到亞洲或紐約，并最終導(dǎo)致業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移到倫敦以外。倫敦一家大銀行的高管表示：“這將產(chǎn)生后果�！�
The referendum in Switzerland has introduced an even broader set of curbs after 68 per cent of voters approved rules that include giving shareholders a binding say on executive pay; banning golden hellos and goodbyes; requiring annual re-elections for directors; and threatening criminal sanctions for non-compliance.
瑞士公投提出了更為廣泛的限制，68%的投票者支持下列規(guī)定：賦予股東對(duì)高管薪資具有約束力的發(fā)言權(quán);禁止向高管發(fā)放高額入職獎(jiǎng)金和離職補(bǔ)償金;要求公司董事每年改選;對(duì)不合規(guī)行為可能采取刑事處罰。
Brigitta Moser-Harder, an activist shareholder who spearheaded the yes-campaign together with entrepreneur Thomas Minder, said that the result, one of the most emphatic yes-votes ever in a Swiss referendum, sent a clear signal to companies both within and beyond Switzerland’s borders.
與企業(yè)家托馬斯民德(Thomas Minder)合作發(fā)起此次“Yes”活動(dòng)的維權(quán)股東布里吉塔莫澤-哈德爾(Brigitta Moser-Harder)表示，這一結(jié)果是瑞士公投中最為不容置疑的一次，它向瑞士國(guó)內(nèi)外的企業(yè)發(fā)出了一個(gè)清晰的信號(hào)。
“The EU is already capping bankers’ bonuses and now the Swiss people has spoken very clearly as well. The message to company boards and managers is: you have to rein in executive pay,” she said.
她表示：“歐盟已在限制銀行家的獎(jiǎng)金，如今，瑞士人民也非常明確地表達(dá)了自己的意見。他們向公司董事會(huì)和管理者發(fā)出的信息是：你們必須控制高管薪酬。”
Britain plans to mount a last-ditch attempt to revise the EU bonus cap at a meeting of finance ministers on Tuesday with chancellor George Osborne trying to gather opposition to the proposal. But while Mr Osborne is fighting to change some details, the prospects of a big reversal are slim. An overwhelming majority of EU member states is willing to sign up to the political deal reached with the European parliament, which is part of legislation to enact a sweeping overhaul of bank capital rules.
英國(guó)計(jì)劃在明日舉行的歐盟財(cái)長(zhǎng)會(huì)議上做出最后的抵抗，以修改歐盟的獎(jiǎng)金限制計(jì)劃，英國(guó)財(cái)政大臣喬治奧斯本(George Osborne)將努力集結(jié)反對(duì)力量。情況出現(xiàn)重大逆轉(zhuǎn)的可能性很小。絕大多數(shù)歐盟成員國(guó)愿意簽署與歐洲議會(huì)(European parliament)達(dá)成的這一政治協(xié)議，這是改革銀行資本金規(guī)定的立法的一部分。
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