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托福考試閱讀歷年真題練習(xí)
現(xiàn)如今，我們很多時(shí)候都不得不用到練習(xí)題，多做練習(xí)方可真正記牢知識(shí)點(diǎn)，明確知識(shí)點(diǎn)則做練習(xí)效果事半功倍，必須雙管齊下。什么樣的習(xí)題才是科學(xué)規(guī)范的習(xí)題呢？下面是小編精心整理的托�？荚囬喿x歷年真題練習(xí)，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
托�？荚囬喿x歷年真題練習(xí) 1
Questions 20-22
Many prehistoric people subsisted as hunters and gatherers. Undoubtedly, game animals, including some very large species, provided major components of human diets. An important controversy centering on the question of human effects on prehistoric wildlife.
Line concerns the sudden disappearance of so many species of large animals at or near the end of the Pleistocene epoch. Most paleontologists suspect that abrupt changes in climate led to the mass extinctions. Others, however, have concluded that prehistoric people drove many of those species to extinction through overhunting. In their "Pleistocene overkill prehistoric peoples in North and South America and the time during which mammoths, giant ground sloths, the giant bison, and numerous other large mammals became extinct.
Perhaps the human species was driving others to extinction long before the dawn of history.
Hunter-gatherers may have contributed to Pleistocene extinctions in more indirect ways. Besides overhunting, at least three other kinds of effects have been suggested:
direct competition, imbalances between competing species of game animals, and early agricultural practices. Direct competition may have brought about the demise of large carnivores such as the saber-toothed cats. These animals simply may have been unable to compete with the increasingly sophisticated hunting skills of Pleistocene people. Human hunters could have caused imbalances among game animals, leading to the extinctions of species less able to compete. When other predators such as the gray wolf prey upon large mammals, they generally take high proportions of each year s crop of young. Some human hunters, in contrast, tend to take the various age-groups of large animals in proportion to their actual occurrence. If such hunters first competed with the larger predators and then replaced them. they may have allowed more young to survive each year, gradually increasing the populations of favored species As these populations expanded, they in turn may have competed with other game species for the same environmental niche, forcing the less hunted species into extinction. This theory, suggests that human hunters played an indirect role in Pleistocene extinctions by hunting one species more than another.
20. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The effects of human activities on prehistoric wildlife
(B) The origins of the hunter-gatherer way of life
(C) The diets of large animals of the Pleistocene epoch
(D) The change in climate at the end of the Pleistocene epoch
21. The word "Undoubtedly" in line I is closest in meaning to
(A) occasionally
(B) unexpectedly
(C) previously
(D) certainly
22. The word "components" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) parts
(B) problems
(C) changes
(D) varieties
托�？荚囬喿x歷年真題練習(xí) 2
世界本沒有長難句，修飾成分多了，便有了長難句�！闲�
閱讀速度大部分來于短時(shí)間內(nèi)理解長難句的能力。
大家在看長難句的時(shí)候，多思考，一個(gè)句子為什么這么長，常見的修飾成分到底有哪些?其實(shí)不多，連詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞以及同位語或插入語，上過課的同學(xué)懂得。
大家別急，把一句一句弄明白，弄懂一個(gè)句子勝過模糊看懂十個(gè)句子。希望大家認(rèn)真看我的分析。
今天我們來看這樣一個(gè)句子：
The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wetsand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels.(TPO8, 45)
onrushing adj. 洶涌的，猛沖的
miniature /mnt/ adj. 小型的，微型的
outflow n. 流出，外流
我是分界線，大家先自己分析哦。
The onrushing water (arising from these flash floods) likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” ((resembling the miniature versions) (seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide)) ( that have been found on the plains) ( close to the ends of the outflow channels).(TPO8, 45)
老邪分析：
修飾一：(arising from these flash floods)，非謂語動(dòng)詞，修飾water
中文：由這些突如其來的洪水產(chǎn)生
修飾二：(resembling the miniature versions) ，非謂語動(dòng)詞，修飾islands
中文：類似于微型版本
修飾三：(seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) ，非謂語動(dòng)詞，修飾the miniature versions
中文：在低潮時(shí)沙灘上濕沙地被看到
修飾四：( that have been found on the plains)，從句，修飾islands
中文：已經(jīng)在平原上被發(fā)現(xiàn)
修飾五：( close to the ends of the outflow channels)，形容詞短語，修飾plains
中文：接近出流通道末尾處
參考翻譯：
由這些突如其來的洪水產(chǎn)生的洶涌流水也可能形成奇怪的.淚滴狀“島”(類似于在低潮時(shí)沙灘上濕沙地看到的微型版本)，這些“島”已經(jīng)在接近出流通道末尾處的平原上被發(fā)現(xiàn)。
這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和介詞短語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
托�？荚囬喿x歷年真題練習(xí) 3
You’ve done all the obvious stuff—cut out late-night caffeine, made sure your bedroom is dark and cozy, avoided scary movies . So why are you still tossing and turning? Certain habits you’re unaware of could be sabotaging your sleep .
And, as you may know, lack of shut-eye doesn’t just leave you foggy the next day: Chronic, long-term insufficient sleep ups your odds of diabetes, depression, cardiovascular disease, even weight gain. So what to do? Try these unexpected tweaks, and wake up feeling incredibly well-rested.
Halt your afternoon habit
It’s a no-brainer that drinking coffee or tea right before you hit the sack won’t do you any sleep favors. But you also need to watch your afternoon drinks, says Joan Salge Blake, RD, a clinical associate professor at Boston University. It’s got caffeine, and so do some flavored waters and even sodas, Blake warns. Check the labels on your favorite midday drinks—any that boast energy-boosting benefits are likely culprits. Naturally, coffee drinks pack a real wallop, so stay away from them after lunch.
Choose sleep superfoods
While it’s important to avoid a big, heavy meal right before bed (a full stomach will disturb your sleep), some foods may actually help you snooze. If you’ve had a few nights of restless sleep, make a light whole-wheat-pasta dish with fresh vegetables, a little diced chicken breast, tomato sauce, and a sprinkle of Parmesan for dinner. This meal contains a snooze-friendly combination of protein and tryptophan, an amino acid that converts to sleep-promoting serotonin in the body.
If your stomach’s growling late at night, try a small bowl of cottage cheese with banana slices, another dish that serves up tryptophan. Other combos of healthy carbs and protein, such as milk and graham crackers or yogurt sprinkled with cereal, will also do the trick.
Take an early soak
Like to unwind in the tub before you snooze? Surprisingly, a hot bath might make it harder for you to drift off: Doing anything that raises your body temperature too close to bedtime may actually hinder you from falling asleep, because your body needs to cool to a certain temperature in order to reach a sound slumber, says J. Todd Arnedt, PhD, director of the University of Michigan Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program. That doesn’t mean you can’t soak after a rough day—when you get home from work, not right before turning in.
Set the mood for slumber
Keeping your room dark while you sleep is a great start, but bringing the lights down before bed is also important. Bright light too close to bedtime can make it hard to fall asleep. That’s because dimness signals the biological clock that it’s time to wind down, while bright light says daytime! Swap out überbright bedroom bulbs for low-watt ones, or install a dimmer switch and keep it low. Like to read in bed? Do it in the lowest light that’s still comfortable.
托�？荚囬喿x歷年真題練習(xí) 4
The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint―for instance,Teotihuacán’s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán’s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C. (TPO8, 62)
pinpoint /pnpnt/ vt. 準(zhǔn)確描述，精準(zhǔn)解釋
shrine /ran/ n. 圣地，圣壇
millennium /mlenm/ n. 一千年
ingenuity /indnuti/ n. 發(fā)明的才能，設(shè)計(jì)的才能;巧妙，精巧
foresightedness n.遠(yuǎn)見，深謀遠(yuǎn)慮
The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint―for instance, Teotihuacán’s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation (in and around the Valley of Mexico) (toward the end of the first millennium B.C.), the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán’s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C. (TPO8, 62)
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