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考研英語作文做句型的技巧
考研英語要拿高分必須要在遣詞造句上下功夫，多變的詞匯和豐富的句型可以幫助你再眾多模板打造下的作文中脫穎而出。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語作文做句型的秘訣，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語作文做句型的方法
▶1. 主動句變被動句
“英文多被動，漢語多主動”，還需要警惕名詞與動詞之間暗含的“主被動”關(guān)系。
Eg1: It is said that …據(jù)說/相傳
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
▶2. 簡單句變從句
名詞性從句，含主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四種;定語從句;狀語從句
A. 主語從句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語;that從句為真正主語)
B.賓語從句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表語從句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位語從句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位語句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性質(zhì)
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入語
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定語從句：
步驟：1)先寫出正確簡單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)
2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
▶3. it 句式
A. 形式主語 it is +被動/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式賓語
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
▶4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步驟】
a. 先寫出正確的簡單句、并列句或復(fù)合句，明確單句的各個成分。
b. 在被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分(除謂語和補(bǔ)語外)兩邊添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不變，必要時調(diào)整順序。
【強(qiáng)調(diào)句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)，整個句子無冗余或成分殘缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
▶5. 倒裝
A. 表否定的副詞、短語或狀語位于主語之前或句首，主句半倒裝(一般疑問句語序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +狀語位于句首，主句半倒裝。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒裝形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
▶6.雙重否定：
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
▶7. Ving/ved 狀語
A. 兩個動作同時發(fā)生且主語一致，將次要動作寫成v-ing或v-ed形式做狀語，即動作與邏輯主語之間為主動關(guān)系時寫成v-ing形式、為被動關(guān)系是寫成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.兩個動作主語一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動作寫成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
▶8. 排比結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作為一種重要素質(zhì)，自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對生活的熱愛、幫助我們戰(zhàn)勝困難。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英語中應(yīng)用文寫作，通過模板句型，經(jīng)典的例句完全可以得到比較理想的分?jǐn)?shù)，因為“言簡意賅”就是它的特點(diǎn)。而大作文對于語言表達(dá)上的'要求要高幾個level，只是模式化的文字已經(jīng)不足以打動考官，需要在原有的結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新，讓考官看的跌宕起伏，還是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的關(guān)鍵所在。
考研英語翻譯最后沖刺的復(fù)習(xí)規(guī)劃
首先，每天仍需保證要進(jìn)行翻譯練習(xí)，雖然不一定需要每天翻譯一年的真題，但是至少要保證一直持續(xù)練習(xí)的狀態(tài)。真題還沒有分析完的同學(xué)，可以繼續(xù)分析真題。如果已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)過一遍，可以回看復(fù)習(xí)之前總結(jié)過的句子，從字詞句各方面全面清查遺漏忘卻的知識點(diǎn)，定會發(fā)現(xiàn)還有內(nèi)容是自己沒有掌握的�，F(xiàn)在就翻譯的步驟來總結(jié)如何翻譯收獲最大。
很多同學(xué)在做翻譯的時候，基本是在“看”翻譯，看到一句話，在頭腦中思考一遍，想出大概的翻譯內(nèi)容，然后就直接對照答案了，殊不知這種方式是很難進(jìn)步的，翻譯是一定要落實(shí)到筆頭的，只有寫出來才能發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的問題出在哪里。而且只“看”翻譯會給學(xué)生造成虛假的印象，認(rèn)為自己差不多都能翻譯出來，但實(shí)際上如果落實(shí)到筆頭就會發(fā)現(xiàn)很多語句并不通順，所以建議考生，如果想在翻譯上有進(jìn)步，一定要踏踏實(shí)實(shí)的寫下來，不要怕費(fèi)時間。
建議實(shí)行四部翻譯法，幫助你快速提高翻譯。第一步，在不借助任何詞典的情況下根據(jù)自己的理解翻譯一遍;第二步，對自己的'第一遍譯文進(jìn)行修改，從詞語搭配到句子通順、邏輯方面都要進(jìn)行修改。第三步，查出生詞，并且再根據(jù)自己對翻譯新的理解寫出一遍翻譯并進(jìn)行潤色。最后一步，對照答案，找出自己的譯文與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案的區(qū)別，并寫出為何譯文要這樣翻譯，這樣翻譯有什么優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而自己的譯文差在哪里，以后要如何注意。只有通過一步步的不斷修改，才能在這個漸進(jìn)的過程中得到進(jìn)步。真正認(rèn)認(rèn)真真弄懂一道題，比模模糊糊做完10道題收獲更大。
最后這幾十天的時間，很多人會產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑自己的情緒，有時難免會焦躁，有這些情緒是正常的，但是要正確看待，每天依然按部就班的做完自己制定的計劃，有條不紊的進(jìn)行，希望各位考生都能如愿考上夢想的學(xué)府。
考研英語翻譯提高得分率的策略方法
▶一、略讀全文
在翻譯過程中，理解是表達(dá)的前提，不能正確理解就談不上正確表達(dá)。因此，首先要略讀全文，從整體上把握整篇文章的內(nèi)容，并理解劃線部分與文章其他部分之間的語法與邏輯關(guān)系。
▶二、分析劃線部分
在整體理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，還要重點(diǎn)分析劃線部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。
首先，劃線部分一般來說句子結(jié)構(gòu)都比較復(fù)雜，如果搞不清楚它的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，是很難做出正確的翻譯的。在分析劃線部分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)時，要注意分清哪是主句，哪是從句;哪是句子的主干，哪是枝葉。
其次，要理解劃線部分的意義。不僅要弄清句子表面的意義，還要理解句子在特定的語言環(huán)境中的意義。還要特別注意句子中的代詞和所指代的意義。
另外，還要特別注意句子中包含的短語和固定結(jié)構(gòu)，因為這往往是考點(diǎn)。
▶三、翻譯
正確理解原文后，接下來就是翻譯。翻譯時，關(guān)鍵是綜合運(yùn)用各種翻譯方法將英文的原意忠實(shí)地表達(dá)出來。
關(guān)于翻譯，有直譯和意譯兩種方法，只是我們很多人都沒有理解直譯和意譯的區(qū)別，從我們上面所談的英漢區(qū)別可知，不可能存在絕對的直譯，因為畢竟兩種語言相差太大，任何直譯都是經(jīng)過一定變通之后的直譯，但有的人以為這便是意譯，其實(shí)這是錯誤的，意譯一般在文學(xué)翻譯中才會出現(xiàn)。
而研究生英語翻譯中，其實(shí)只有可能是直譯，不可能是意譯。要做好翻譯，關(guān)鍵是要有正確的.翻譯意識，前面所說的翻譯技巧可以是必須用的，幾乎每句的翻譯都要綜合的運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧。把握了這一點(diǎn)，也就具有了做好英語翻譯題的前提。主要有如下翻譯技巧。
▶1.分譯法。翻譯部分的句子，大多為復(fù)雜從句，而漢語中沒有與之一一對應(yīng)的從句，因此，要翻譯出來讓別人能看懂，就必須將其拆開，分譯成各個單句。
▶2.轉(zhuǎn)譯法。很多被動語態(tài)如果機(jī)械的翻成被動語態(tài)，可能會讓人看了覺得別扭，因此需要轉(zhuǎn)為主動態(tài)。此外，還有否定轉(zhuǎn)譯等各種情況。
▶3.添減詞法。由于英漢兩種語言的差異，在英文看上去比較正常的句子，譯成漢語時，如果不或增或減一些詞可能無法把英文的原意表達(dá)出來，這樣就需要適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用添減詞法。
▶4.單復(fù)數(shù)譯法。單復(fù)數(shù)要譯出。如"birdsinthetree"可譯為"樹上的鳥兒們"。
▶5.時態(tài)的譯法。英語中有專門表示時態(tài)的句子成分，而漢語則沒有，因此，為準(zhǔn)確地翻譯出英語的意思，有時必須加一些表時間的副詞，如"著，了，在"等。
▶6.代詞的譯法。代詞一般需要轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞，即把其所指代的意義譯出。
▶7.人名地名的譯法，知道的可以譯出來，不知道就保持原文。
▶四、校核
校核主要有三個方面：一是檢查譯文是否忠實(shí)于原文。通過把譯文和原文對照比較往往能發(fā)現(xiàn)問題;二是檢查譯文本身是否通順或表達(dá)清楚。把譯文通讀一遍，如果覺得讀起來很別扭或者有歧義，那很有可能是翻譯不通或表達(dá)不清楚，適當(dāng)增減詞或調(diào)整語序通常能解決這一問題;三是檢查譯文是否有筆誤，是否有漏洞，是否有代詞未轉(zhuǎn)譯，時態(tài)是否譯出，數(shù)字、日期是否譯錯，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是否用錯等。
▶五、英語翻譯策略：
▶1.要有意識地進(jìn)行長句，復(fù)雜句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析的訓(xùn)練。善于在復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)中找出主體結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是主句的主語和謂語，并以此作為句子理解和翻譯的起點(diǎn)。
▶2.善于積累詞匯。特別要注意一詞多義，常見詞一般具有多義性，翻譯時要根據(jù)搭配和上下文確定意義，如develop除了"發(fā)展"的意思外，還有"形成"的意思。同時要注意一詞多性，特別是名詞、動詞、形容詞三種詞性的互換，平時要有意識地做一些"名詞動譯"、"動詞名譯"等方面的訓(xùn)練。
▶3.注意詞語的固定搭配。特別注意動詞+介詞、動詞+副詞的搭配，因為此類搭配常常伴有詞義的改變。
▶4.注意同義詞、近義詞、形近詞的區(qū)分和辨析。這是提高英語應(yīng)用能力的必由之路。
▶5.學(xué)習(xí)并掌握基本的翻譯技巧。
此外，大部分考生做題時還存在一個情況：一邊讀句子，一邊思考每一個單詞分別是什么漢語意思，在沒有完整理解英語句子的情況下，就直接做了"字字對等"的翻譯，或者在讀完之后，并沒有理解句子，就馬上在自己積累的詞匯中找與看到的英語詞對應(yīng)的漢語來表達(dá)，只要碰到不認(rèn)識的生詞就束手無策。這樣的譯文，不僅扭曲了英語原文的意思，漢語句子本身也晦澀難懂。所以，提醒考生切勿陷入這種翻譯誤區(qū)，要按照上面的策略來準(zhǔn)備和復(fù)習(xí)翻譯試題。
總之，在備考英語翻譯的過程中，考生在不斷積累知識的同時，還要不斷總結(jié)思路和方法，逐漸掌握一套屬于自己的答題策略。
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