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2023年中考英語常用的不規(guī)則動詞形態(tài)記憶法
在英語詞匯中，不規(guī)則動詞的記憶是比較困難的，雖然學(xué)習(xí)英語是要記要背，但死記硬背終歸不是最佳途徑，下面小編為大家搜索整理了關(guān)于中考英語常用的不規(guī)則動詞形態(tài)記憶法!
★記憶法一：常見93個不規(guī)則動詞的變化規(guī)律歸納如下：
一、A—A—A型，即原形、過去式和過去分詞三者都相同。(共9個)
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt
let—let—let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型，即過去式、過去分詞相同。(共41個)
1.過去式和過去分詞都含有-ought。(3個)
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
2.詞尾有-ild，-end時，只需把d變?yōu)閠。(4個)
build—built—built
lend—lent—lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
3.過去式、過去分詞都含有-aught。(2個)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4.把-eep變?yōu)?ept。(3個)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep—swept—swept
5.把-ell變?yōu)?old。(2個)
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6.過去式、過去分詞都含有-elt或-ilt。(4個)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt—felt
spill—spilt—spilt
7.過去式、過去分詞都在原形詞尾加t。(3個)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8.過去式、過去分詞詞尾是d。(4個)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9.改變元音字母。(11個)
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig—dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10.改變輔音字母。(1個)
make—made—made
11.改變元、輔音字母。(4個)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)—had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型，即原形、過去式、過去分詞都不相同。(共35個)
1.i—a—u變化。(6個)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk
2.詞尾為-ow，-aw時，過去式將其變?yōu)?ew，過去分詞在其原形后加n。(5個)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3.詞尾為“i+輔(1個)+e”，過去式將i變?yōu)閛，過去分詞多在原形后加n，若那個輔音字母為d或t，須雙寫d或t后加n。(4個)(give，hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4.過去分詞在過去式后加(e)n。(5個)
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke—woken
5.過去分詞由過去式加-ten構(gòu)成。(1個)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6.過去分詞由原形加(e)n構(gòu)成。(6個)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7.詞尾為-ake時，過去式將其變?yōu)?ook，過去分詞在原形詞后加-n。(2個)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8.原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同。(6個)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型，即過去式和原形相同。(1個)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型，即過去分詞和原形相同。(3個)
come—came—come
become—became—become
run—ran—run
六、情態(tài)動詞型，只有原形和過去式，沒有過去分詞。(4個)
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
★記憶法二：
學(xué)生難學(xué)，老師難教。幸好它們不是雜亂無章的，可根據(jù)其中的一些內(nèi)部規(guī)律來記憶。下面給大家介紹一種歸納記憶法，以期大家在攻克這一難關(guān)時，能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、原形、過去式、過去分詞相同：
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
(細(xì)心的你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些詞中大多數(shù)是以字母t結(jié)尾的。)
二、原形、過去式相同，過去分詞不同：
beat/beat/beaten
三、原形、過去分詞相同，過去式不同：
come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/run
(come，become，屬不規(guī)則變化，但welcome屬規(guī)則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞為：welcomed，welcomed)
四、過去式，過去分詞相同：
(1)去掉字母組合ee中的一個e
meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed
(2)去掉字母組合ee中的一個e,然后再在詞尾加t
feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept
(3)詞尾為的ll去掉一個l加t
spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt
(4)過去式和過去分詞以aught或ought結(jié)尾
catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought
buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought
(5)將stand改為stood
stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood
(6)將ay改為aid
lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paidsay/said/said
(7)將d改為t
lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent
spend/spent/spentbuild/built/built
(8)將i改為a,o,u等
sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat
dig/dug/dugwin/won/won
(9)將ell改為old
tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold
(10)詞尾加t
learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt
(11)有兩種過去式和過去分詞,一種是不規(guī)則的,一種是規(guī)則的：
learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burntburn/burned/burned
light/lii/litlight/lighted/lighted
(12)其它
have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost
hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)
find/found/foundmake/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同：
(1)過去式以ew結(jié)尾、過去分詞以own結(jié)尾
blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn
(2)改i為a變成過去式、改i為u變成過去分詞
begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk
(3)改i為o變成過去式，過去分詞以n結(jié)尾
drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written
rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden
(4)原形后加n變成過去分詞
drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/riseneat/ate/eaten
give/gave/givenfall/fell/fallen
(5)過去式后加n變成過去分詞
break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken
take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)
(6)其它
be/was或were/beendo/did/doneforget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gonehide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
六、有兩種過去式和過去分詞，但詞義相同。
wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken
七、動詞因其過去式、過去分詞有兩種形式而產(chǎn)生不同詞義：
shine、hang的兩種過去式和過去分詞：
shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung懸掛hanged/hanged絞死
八、兩個既可以做過去式，又可以做動詞原形的詞
lie躺臥lay/lain/lying(現(xiàn)在分詞)
lay放，下蛋l(fā)aid/laid/laying
find找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)find/found/found
found創(chuàng)建，成立found/founded/founded
九、根據(jù)動詞之間的詞義聯(lián)系來記憶
(一)詞義相對：
(1)come/came/come來——go/went/gone去
(2)give/gave/given給——get/got/got(AmEgotten)獲得
(3)sleep/slept/slept睡覺—wake/woke/woken(或woke)
或wake/waked/waked醒來
(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上漲、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉
(5)buy/bought/bought買——sell/sold/sold出售,賣
(6)take/took/taken帶去——bring/brought/brought帶來
(7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
或learn/learned/learned學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)會
(8)lose/lost/lost丟失、失敗——find/found/found找到
win/won/won贏得、(獲)勝
(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、發(fā)送——get/got/got獲得、收到
(二)詞義相近：
(1)beat/beat/beaten打,打敗win/won/won贏得、獲勝
(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解
know/knew/known知道,了解,認(rèn)識
(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)變成、成為、變得
become/became/become變成,成為,變得
go/went/gone變成turn/turned/turned變成
(4)spend/spent/spent花費、度過
pay/paid/paid支付、交納
cost/cost/cost花費、價值為
take/took/taken花費
(5)say/said/said說、講
speak/spoke/spoken說、演講
tell/told/told告訴、說、吩咐、斷定
talk/talked/talked談話,講,談?wù)?議論
★記憶法三：
1.無變化，過去式與原形相同。
let→let,put→put,hit→hit,must→must,set→set,beat→beat,cast→cast,cost→cost,cut→cut,hurt→hurt,read→red,shut→shut
(shed→shedsplit→splitspread→spreadburst→burst)
2.元音字母的變化。
i→a:begin→began,drink→drank,ring→rang,sing→sang,swim→swam,give→gave,sit→sat,sink→sank
i→o:drive→drove,ride→rode,shine→shone,write→wrote,rise→rose,win→won,
(strive→strovearise→arose)
i→ou:find→found(wind→wound,bind→bound,grind→ground)
a→oo:take→took,shake→shook
e→o:get→got,forget→forgot
o→a:come→came,become→became
oo→o:shoot→shot,choose→chose
3.元音字母組合的變化。
aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew,blow→blew,grow→grew,know→knew,throw→threw,fly→flew
4.元音字母和輔音字母都有變化。
(1)sell→sold,tell→told,retell→retold
(2)say→said,pay→paid,lay→laid,relay→relaid
(3)sweep→swept,keep→kept,sleep→slept,creep→crept
(4)bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,fight→fought
(5)catch→caught,teach→taught
(6)can→could,will→would,shall→should
5.輔音字母變化。
(1)build→built,send→sent,bend→bent,lend→lent,rend→rent,spend→spent
(2)make→made,have→had,hear→heard
(3)mean→meant,learn→learnt
記住以上內(nèi)容，英語不提升就怪了!一定要堅持呀!
中考英語的不規(guī)則動詞形態(tài)記憶法 1
類型劃分
�、盇---A---A型（現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞同形）
動詞原形（現(xiàn)在式）過去式，過去分詞
cost cost cost 花費
put put put 放下
read read read 讀(讀音是ABB型)
hurt hurt hurt 傷
⒉A---A---B型（現(xiàn)在式和過去式同形）
beat beat beaten打
�、矨---B---A型（現(xiàn)在式和過去分詞同形）
come came come來
become became become變
⒋A---B---B型
�、旁趧釉~原形后加一個輔音字母d或t構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。
burn burnt burnt燃燒
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt學(xué)習(xí)
�、瓢褎釉~原形的最后一個輔音字母“d”改為“t”構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。
build built built建筑
lend lent lent借給
⑶其他
pay paid paid付
lay laid laid下蛋
中考英語的不規(guī)則動詞形態(tài)記憶法 2
不規(guī)則英語動詞的詞形變化
定義：動詞由原形轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檫^去式和過去分詞時不按詞尾加“-ed”之變化規(guī)則者叫做不規(guī)則動詞（Irregular Verbs）。
現(xiàn)代英語新生成的動詞都?xì)w入“-ed”的規(guī)則變化，例如：
park→parked （停車──1864）
fax→faxed （以傳真?zhèn)魉桐ぉ?979）
e-mail→e-mailed （以電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送──1982）
�。ㄋ侥甏螢樽钤缬美霈F(xiàn)年次──O.E.D.）
因此，不規(guī)則動詞可以說都是古英語動詞的不規(guī)則變化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者，所以我們今天在學(xué)習(xí)英語時絕對無法，也不可能規(guī)避這些不規(guī)則動詞。
從英語的演變來看，不規(guī)則動詞就是強勢動詞（Strong Verbs）──即其詞形變化全依其本身之語音（尤其是元音）變化來進行而不借助詞尾的變化。例如：
原形： buy sing speak
過去式： bought sang spoke
過去分詞： bought sung spoken
而每一型式的變化都有其類群，例如：
buy bought bought （買）
bring brought brought （帶來）
fight fought fought （作戰(zhàn)）
think thought thought （想）
sing sang sung （唱）
drink drank drunk （喝）
swim swam swum （游泳）
begin began begun （開始）
speak spoke spoken （說）
break broke broken （打破）
steal stole stolen （偷）
freeze froze frozen （冷凍）
因此我們學(xué)習(xí)不規(guī)則動詞的時候，最有效的`方法就是要針對這種詞形變化的現(xiàn)象，了解其變化的型式，發(fā)出聲音背念，使其能自然地隔入我們的speaking和writing，這樣才能說確實地把不規(guī)則動詞學(xué)會了。
注：與強勢動詞相對，須借助“-ed”之詞尾來進行詞形變化的規(guī)則動詞就叫做弱勢動詞（Weak Verbs）
中考英語的不規(guī)則動詞形態(tài)記憶法 4
AAA型 過去式、過去分詞與原形一致
原形 過去式 過去分詞 詞義
cut cut cut 切、割
shut shut shut 關(guān)、閉（門窗）
put put put 放置
let let let 讓
set set set 設(shè)置
hit hit hit 撞擊
hurt hurt hurt 受傷；疼痛
cost cost cost 值…錢；花費
read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] 朗讀；閱讀
AAB型 過去式與原形一致
beat beat beaten 擊敗
ABA型 過去分詞與原形一致
run ran run 跑步；逃跑
come came come 來
become became become 變得；成為
ABB型 過去式與過去分詞一致
buy bought bought 買
fight fought fought 打架；打仗
think thought thought 想；認(rèn)為
seek sought sought 尋找；探究
bring brought brought 帶來
catch caught caught 抓�。唤幼�
teach taught taught 教；教書
lend lent lent 借出
send sent sent 送；派遣
spend spent spent 花費（時間、金錢）
build built built 建設(shè)；建立
feel felt felt 感覺；摸起來
leave left left 離開
keep kept kept 保持；保留
sleep slept slept 睡覺
oversleep overslept overslept 睡過頭
sweep swept swept 打掃
mean [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] 意思是
learn learnt / learned learnt /learned 學(xué)；學(xué)會
burn burnt / burned burnt / burned 燃燒；燒傷
hear [hiE] heard [hE:d] heard [hE:d] 聽見
lead led led 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；致使
mislead misled misled 把…引錯方向
feed fed fed 喂養(yǎng)；喂食
flee fled fled 逃跑
meet met met 遇見；碰到
shoot shot shot 射擊
light lit / lighted lit / lighted 點燃
get got got 獲得；得到
win won won 獲勝；贏得
sit sat sat 坐下
dig dug dug 挖掘
stick stuck stuck 刺；戳
hang hung hung 懸掛
hang hanged hanged 絞死
sell sold sold 出售
tell told told 告訴
smell smelt smelt 聞；嗅
spell spelt spelt 拼寫
hold held held 拿著；握住
find found found 找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)
stand stood stood 站立
understand understood understood 理解
lay laid laid 下蛋
pay paid paid 付款
say [sei] said [sed] said [sed] 說
have /has had had 有
make made made 制作
shine shone / shined shone / shined 照耀
lose [lu:z] lost [lRst] lost [lRst] 丟失
ABC型 原形、過去式、過去分詞不一致
begin began begun 開始
drink drank drunk 喝；飲
ring rang rung 鈴（響）；打電話
sing sang sung 唱歌
sink sank sunk 下沉
swim swam swum 游泳
blow blew blown 吹；刮風(fēng)
fly flew flown 飛；放（風(fēng)箏）
know knew [nju:] known 知道；懂得
grow grew grown 種植；生長
throw threw thrown 扔；投
draw drew drawn 繪畫
show showed shown 出示；給…看
break broke broken 打破；不服從
speak spoke spoken 說話
steal stole stolen 偷
choose chose chosen 選擇
freeze froze frozen 凍結(jié)
wake woke woke / woken 醒來；喚醒
forget forgot forgotten 忘記
take took taken 拿走
mistake mistook mistaken 錯拿
shake shook shaken 搖動；握（手）
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下；摔倒
rise rose risen [rizn] 上升；上漲
drive drove driven [drivn] 駕駛
give gave given 給
forgive forgave forgiven 原諒
see saw seen 看見
ride rode ridden 騎（車、馬）
hide hid hidden 躲藏
bite bit bitten 咬
forbid forbade / forbad forbidden 禁止；不許
write wrote written 書寫
bear bore born 忍受
tear tore torn 撕破
wear wore worn 穿、戴（衣帽等）
am / is was been 是
are were been 是
do / does did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺；臥
情態(tài)動詞的過去式
must must 必須
can could 能夠；會
shall should 應(yīng)當(dāng)
will would 將；會
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