對(duì)話式英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力分析
1、問(wèn)題類(lèi)型
A節(jié)每組對(duì)話一般是在一男一女之間進(jìn)行的一問(wèn)一答。問(wèn)題一般由先講話的人提出。題目均以問(wèn)句形式出現(xiàn)，其中多數(shù)是特殊疑問(wèn)句。這些問(wèn)題涉及的內(nèi)容大致歸納如下：
A、多用來(lái)問(wèn)以下內(nèi)容：
1)問(wèn)“是什么、要什么、討論什么、什么種類(lèi)”等，如：
What is the man’s answer?
What does the woman want for lunch?
What are they talking about?
What kind of books does the man want to borrow?
2)問(wèn)“做什么”，如：
What does the woman tell the man to do first?
What are the speakers doing now?
What will happen if John fails the exam?
3)問(wèn)“什么含義”，如：
What does the man mean(imply)?
What does the woman’s answer suggest?
4)問(wèn)“從對(duì)話中能獲得什么信息或結(jié)論”，如：
What can we learn from the conversation?
What can be concluded from this conversation?
5)問(wèn)“對(duì)某人或某事有什么看法”，如：
What does the man think of Miss Brown?
What does the woman think of the plan?
B、A節(jié)中用提出的問(wèn)題主要問(wèn)“對(duì)話可能是在什么場(chǎng)所發(fā)生的”，即：
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
Where are the man and woman?
C、可能問(wèn)以下幾個(gè)方面的情況：
1)問(wèn)鐘點(diǎn)（可用替換），如：
Man(M): What time did yesterday’s football match start?
Woman(W): It was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.
Question(Q): When did the game finally start?
2)問(wèn)在哪個(gè)星期或星期幾（后者可用替換），如：
W: I thought to go to town now. I have some shopping to do.
M: Don’t spend too much, I won’t get paid until next week.
Q: When will he be paid?
3)問(wèn)日期，如：
When will the winter vacation begin?
D、用提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題可以問(wèn)原因，也可以問(wèn)目的，如：
Why is the man late?
Why did the man repair the car by himself?
E、可能問(wèn)對(duì)話者某一方的身份、對(duì)話人之間的關(guān)系或?qū)υ捴猩婕暗降钠渌说那闆r，如：
W: May I help you ,Sir?
M: I hope so. It’s my watch. I brought it in to be repaired, but I’ve lost the Receipt.
Q: Who is the man?
F、主要針對(duì)以下內(nèi)容提問(wèn)：
1)問(wèn)做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如：
How did the teacher usually begin his class?
How does the man usually go to work?
2)問(wèn)“對(duì)某事的感受如何”，如：
How does the man feel about the movie?
How do you like the film?
G、問(wèn)“多少”，屬于涉及數(shù)字的題，可能有以下幾種形式：
How many persons ...?
How many dozens of ... does ... want?
How much does ...?
How old is ...?
How long does it take ... to ...?
A節(jié)的問(wèn)句根據(jù)疑問(wèn)詞劃分，大致可以歸為以上七類(lèi)。Ａ節(jié)中偶爾也有個(gè)別一般疑問(wèn)句。但也可能出現(xiàn)其它類(lèi)型的問(wèn)句，（如以Whom,Whose,Which提問(wèn)），或針對(duì)以上未歸納的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。
2、對(duì)話內(nèi)容分類(lèi)
A、時(shí)間類(lèi)：包括直接型和計(jì)算型。如：
W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.
M: Thank you very much . I only need them for a few days.
Q: When must the man return his books to the library?
B、數(shù)字類(lèi)：包括直接型和計(jì)算型。如：
W: Do you live in a college dormitory?
M: Yes, I do. It’s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.
Q: How many people share the suite now?
C、地點(diǎn)類(lèi)：包括直接型和含蓄型。如：
M: I need to cash this check?
W: Will you step right over to the teller’s window, please?
Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
D、否定類(lèi)：此類(lèi)對(duì)話既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定詞，也有but,although等轉(zhuǎn)折詞，或由would rather,too...to結(jié)構(gòu)及虛擬語(yǔ)氣等表達(dá)。因此，對(duì)于后者要特別加以注意。如：
M: Ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?
W: I wish I could help you. I went shopping yesterday. Now I have only two dollars till the end of the week.
Q: Will the man borrow any money from the woman?
此題的答案肯定是No。聽(tīng)這段話時(shí)要抓住I wish I could help you.這一關(guān)鍵話語(yǔ)。這句話雖然從表面上看是肯定式，但卻隱含著I’m sorry I can’t help you.的.意思。
E、人物類(lèi)：包括人物關(guān)系、人物身份兩類(lèi)。此類(lèi)對(duì)話提供一個(gè)情節(jié)，能反映所涉及的人的關(guān)系或身份。如：
M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please.
W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please?
Q: What’s the relationship between the man and woman?
A) Husband and wife. B) Waiter and customer.
C) Salesman and customer. D) Host and guest.
F、活動(dòng)類(lèi)：這一類(lèi)談話內(nèi)容可涉及上課、娛樂(lè)、工作、日常生活等各種情況。如：
W: Are you going to New York next weekend?
M: Yes, I’m going to look up Bill while I’m there.
Q: What’s the man going to do?
這類(lèi)對(duì)話中往往先后出現(xiàn)幾種情況，要注意聽(tīng)問(wèn)句是什么，然后再作出選擇。
3、幾種常見(jiàn)的解題方法
A節(jié)中的對(duì)話雖然簡(jiǎn)短，但多數(shù)情況下，往往不能從聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容中找到與選擇項(xiàng)內(nèi)容完全相同的部分，即對(duì)話中一般沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的答案。因此，在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候要注意抓住選擇項(xiàng)的同義或反義詞（組）用辨別法答題（解活動(dòng)類(lèi)多用此方法），或根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。用這種方法答題，類(lèi)型不僅僅限于諸如"what does the man mean?"這樣的題目，其它如含蓄人物類(lèi)、人物身份類(lèi)、含蓄地點(diǎn)類(lèi)、否定類(lèi)題目也與此類(lèi)似。如：
W: How do you like the play you saw last night?
M: Well, I should have stayed at home.
Q: What does the man think of the play?
A) It is exciting. B) It is boring.
C) He didn’t see the play. D) He like it very much.
對(duì)話中“I should have stayed at home.”（我真該待在家里），這句話已婉轉(zhuǎn)地表明他不喜歡這出戲，而對(duì)沒(méi)有待在家里表示遺憾、后悔(should have done something這種結(jié)構(gòu)可用來(lái)表示“對(duì)應(yīng)該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾、后悔或譴責(zé)”)。能使他產(chǎn)生此感想的原因自然是“The play is boring.”（演出令人厭煩），因而Ｂ是正確的答案。否定類(lèi)題目多含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)氣否定、暗示比喻、強(qiáng)化意見(jiàn)等形式。這一節(jié)屬于此數(shù)字類(lèi)題目的對(duì)話中，多出現(xiàn)兩處，甚至三、四處數(shù)字或時(shí)間，因此，除了用辨別方法外，有時(shí)必須用計(jì)算方法才能得出正確答案。
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