when定語從句

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　　when定語從句

　　一、when：當(dāng)主句中的先行詞(即主句中被后面定語從句修飾的詞)是表示時(shí)間意義的名詞時(shí),它只能作定語從句的時(shí)間狀語,放在定語從句句首.如果定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是作該定語從句的主語或賓語,則要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來引導(dǎo).例如：

　　The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我們用洋油的日子一去不復(fù)返了.

　　I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.) 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我出生的日子.

　　It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.這事發(fā)生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月.

　　In the years that (which) followed,Marx kept on studying English and using it.在這之后的幾年中,馬克思繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和使用英語.(that作定語從句"that followed"的主語)

　　The day (that) I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日.(that作定語從句"that I always remember in all my life"的賓語,that可以省略)

　　定語從句的譯法

　　一、前 置 法

　　把英語原文的定語從句翻譯成帶“的'”的定語詞組, 放置于被修飾的詞之前, 將英語原文的復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語的簡單句, 這種方法一般用于限制性定語從句比較短的情況。

　　一些較短的具有描述性的非限制性定語從句也可采用前置法, 但沒有限制性定語從句使用得普遍。例如:

　　例1.For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.

　　例如, 友誼的一個(gè)作用似乎是支持我們在自己心目中的形象, 并使我們持有的價(jià)值觀念更加堅(jiān)定。

　　例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. (92年考題)

　　如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比較的話, 那么對所有被比較者來說, 前兩個(gè)因素 必須是一樣的。

　　例3.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety.

　　第一種方法是同義詞法, 即給出一個(gè)與 要釋義的詞在意義上幾乎相同的, 如用face表示countenance, 用nervousness表示anxiety.

　　例4.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. (90年考題)

　　相反, 行為主義者認(rèn)為, 成績的差異是由于黑人常常被剝奪了白人在教育及其他外界環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件而造成的。

　　例5.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. (94年考題)

　　科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式, 也就是對一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行 思考并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達(dá)方式。

　　例6.A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.

　　附近沒有同齡伙伴和自己玩的兒童，上托兒所可以得到很多的益處。

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