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as引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句(也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語(yǔ),所以曾被稱為定語(yǔ)從句,這類從句除了可以做定語(yǔ)之外,還可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)等其他成分,所以現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)多使用“關(guān)系從句”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)。以下是小編幫大家整理的as引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,歡迎大家借鑒與參考,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
as引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句
as作為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞,它既可以用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句,又可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句之中。但是,as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有著根本的不同。
as用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句:
as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中,即只能用在such, the same as修飾的先行項(xiàng)的后面。例:He is not such a man as would leave his work half done.此時(shí)such與as構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)上的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系,假如句中沒(méi)有such這個(gè)詞,此時(shí)就不能使用as,那么此句就要改為:He is not a man who would leave his work half done. 此外,as在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其先行詞可以是人,也可以是物,所以只需根據(jù)先行項(xiàng)中有無(wú)such和the same來(lái)判斷是否使用as就可以了。
1、as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)有:the same…as;as…as;such…as;so…as。主句中出現(xiàn)the same, as, such, so修飾先行詞,需選擇as做關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例,It’s the same person as we wanted to find yesterday .
2、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容,從句可置于句首,句中或句尾。
例:As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .
3、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)式時(shí),常用as做主語(yǔ)。例:be said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed
as用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)有二:一是先行項(xiàng)通常為一個(gè)句子,二是as在句中位置較為靈活,可以在句首、句中、句尾。此點(diǎn)有別于which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。我們知道,which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其先行項(xiàng)通常也為一個(gè)句子,但是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不可以放在句首的,這是二者的重要區(qū)別。例:
The earth is round,which/as is known to all.
As is known to all,the earth is round.
在第一個(gè)句子中,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置在句尾,此時(shí)which和as兩者都可使用,而在第二句話中,顯然此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置挪到了句首,那么此時(shí)就只能選用as這個(gè)詞了。
定語(yǔ)從句中不太常見(jiàn)但又很重要的關(guān)系代詞,除了as之外,還有than,but,what等等。
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)
as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),且引出的從句位置比較靈活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。
如:As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
美國(guó)人都知道,馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
他忘了帶筆,這是常事。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is absorbed in work, as he often was.
他正在全神貫注地工作,他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))
As we all know, the earth is round.
眾所周知,地球是圓的。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.
兩兄弟對(duì)此決定都滿意,這項(xiàng)決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.
你知道,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
難:句意相同
as it is known to all (that...) (as 做狀語(yǔ)從句連詞,是狀語(yǔ)從句, 可以加that)
與 as is known to all (as做主語(yǔ),是定語(yǔ)從句)
與 it is known to all that... (主語(yǔ)從句,it是形式主語(yǔ))
即:As is widely known, the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(定從)
= That the moon is closer to the us than the sun is widely known.(主從)
= It is widely known that the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(主從)
As it is known to everyone, I thought you knew about it too.(狀從)[1]
關(guān)系代詞which有時(shí)并不代表主句中某一確定的詞,而是概括整個(gè)主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配。
They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved.
他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒,沒(méi)有它們產(chǎn)量會(huì)減少一半。
They thanked Tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.
他們很感激Tom,沒(méi)有他的支持他們是不會(huì)成功的。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有正如。
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ);例2中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。
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