考研英語有哪些重點的倒裝句
我們在準(zhǔn)備考研英語的復(fù)習(xí)時，當(dāng)然少不了要把重點的倒裝句知識點掌握好。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語重點的倒裝句指導(dǎo)，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語倒裝句重點：修辭倒裝的五類用法
1、在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等開頭的句子中，主謂要倒裝。這些都是表示否定或半否定意義的詞或詞組。
例如：
Never have I come across such a difficult problem.
我還從沒有遇到過這樣困難的問題。
Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少讀這種雜志。
No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.
他們剛走，公共汽車就來了。
Never before have I met him. 我以前從未見過他。
Hardly did I think it possible. 我想這幾乎不可能。
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.
我們不但應(yīng)該不怕困難，而且要盡最大努力克服困難。
Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到半夜雨才停。
(正常語序是：It did not stop raining until midnight. 注意not位置的變化)
Very seldom do you find that two clocks or watches exactly agree. 你很難發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個鐘或表的時間完全一樣。
By no means will this method produce satisfactory results.
這種方法決不會產(chǎn)生令人滿意的結(jié)果。
翻譯練習(xí)(使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))：
1)我從來沒有讀過這么一本有意思的書。
Never have I read such an interesting book.
2)她一點也不知道會發(fā)生什么事。
Little does she know what may happen.
3)我簡直不相信這是真的。
Hardly could I believe it (to be) true.
4)我剛到家，就下起大雨來了。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily.
5)最近我很少見到她。
Seldom have I met her recently.
6)愛因斯坦不僅是世界聞名的科學(xué)家，而且還是一個相當(dāng)不錯的小提琴家。
Not only was Einstein a world famous scientist, but also a fairly good violinist.
7)直到戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束，他才回家。
Not until after the war did he return home.
(正常語序是： He did not return home until after the war.)
8)在任何情況下，我們都不應(yīng)該做違反人民意愿的事。
Under no circumstances should we do anything against the will of the people.
2、在以“only+狀語”開頭的句子中，主謂要倒裝。這里only后面必須跟有它修飾的狀語或狀語從句，這是關(guān)鍵。否則就不倒裝。
例如：
Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.
只是在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后人類才意識到原子彈的可惡。
(注意：only 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句不倒裝，主句倒裝。)
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
只在那時我才意識到英語的重要性。
Only in this way can we improve ourselves.
只有用這種方法我們才能不斷提高自己。
Only after you finish it can you leave.
只有結(jié)束它以后，你才能離開。(主句倒裝)
注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修飾的不是狀語，則不倒裝。
如：
The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations. 只有在艱苦的談判以后，合同才得以簽署。
(改成倒裝：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.)
Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room.
只許資深的職員使用這個房間。
Only five passengers survived the accident.
事故中只有五位旅客生存了下來。
3、用于以表示處所、聲音等意義的副詞開頭的句子。用表示運動的不及物動詞(如go, come, rush, fly 等)作謂語時，為了表示生動，可將某些副詞放在句首，謂語動詞放在主語之前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
Away flew the birds. 鳥兒飛走了。
Out went the children. 孩子們出去了。
Down came the rain. 下起大雨來了。
Bang went the firecracker. 爆竹砰的一聲響了。
The door burst open and in rushed a stranger.
門突然開了，一個陌生人沖了進來。
4、用倒裝來避免頭重腳輕，使句子顯得平衡。這主要是因為主語過長或強調(diào)表語或狀語。
例如：
At the center of the big room over there is a table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America.
在那邊那個大房子的中央有一張用從南美洲的`巴西進口的木頭做成的桌子。
(正常語序：A table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America is at the center of the big room over there. 這句話主語和謂語間隔太長，不平衡。)
Still wider will be the use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense.
雷達在我們的國防事業(yè)中起著非常重要的作用，它的用處將會更廣泛。
(正常語序：The use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense, will be still wider. 主語和謂語間隔太長，不平衡。)
Written in English on the blackboard were these words: “Merry Christmas!” 在黑板上用英語寫著這么幾個字：“圣誕快樂!”
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students’ parents. 出席會議的有校長、英語教師和學(xué)生們的家長。
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 金字塔里面是國王和王后們的墓穴和通往墓穴的長通道。
5、其他用法
倒裝還可用在強調(diào)表語和賓語的句子中。把表語和賓語提到主語前。
如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
愛因斯坦就是這樣一個取得了偉大成就的單純的人。
Such was the story he told me. 這就是他給我講的故事。
Happy is he who devotes himself to the cause of communism.
考研英語語法難點：活用定語變幻多樣句型
一.介詞短語作后置定語，如the bird in the tree(樹上的小鳥)，the standard of living(生活水平)，the way to the hotel(去旅館的路)，the life in the future(未來的生活)。
二.不定式短語作后置定語，用來修飾限定其前的名詞或名詞性短語。分為以下三類：
1. 在某些名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中可用動詞不定式作后置定語。
I have a lot of homework to do.
He is the first to finish the task.
There are a lot of things to do.
2. 在某些抽象名詞后可用動詞不定式作后置定語，具體說明抽象名詞的內(nèi)容。常見名詞有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。例句：
He has the ability to do the work.
I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.
3. 動詞不定式有時可替代一個定語從句，與其前修飾的名詞是主動關(guān)系，在時態(tài)上含有將來的含義。例如：
Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.
In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.
三、分詞短語作后置定語。這時一般可以改寫為定語從句，現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語與修飾的名詞是主動關(guān)系,過去分詞作后置定語與修飾的名詞是被動關(guān)系。例如,
S1:There is a lady waiting for you.=There is a lady who waits for you.
S2：What is the language spoken in China?=What is the language which is spoken in China?
S1中，lady和wait之間是主動關(guān)系，S2中，language與spoken之間是被動關(guān)系。
我們在寫作時，為了讓句子結(jié)構(gòu)更為高級，或是達到句式多樣的目的，常用分詞短語作后置定語來代替定語從句。如在2012年的考研英語作文中，我們在描圖表示兩個人對同樣的半瓶水表現(xiàn)出不同的態(tài)度時，可以說：As is shown in the picture, there is a contrast between two men facing the same problem with half a bottle of water. 在這個英語句子中，我們用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作men的后置定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句who face the same problem with half a bottle of water. 再如，在表達一個人眉頭緊縮，因為水撒了發(fā)出嘆息，可以說：The one frowning in anxiety is sighing because the water is spoilt out of the bottle。此句中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作one的后置定語，相當(dāng)于從句who frowns in anxiety。用現(xiàn)在分詞短語代替從句可以使句式更簡短，句型也更為高級，更加豐富，同時也顯示出考生深厚的語法功底。
考研英語長難句翻譯基技巧
1、根據(jù)詞在句中的詞類來選擇和確定詞義
They are as like as two peas .他們相似極了。(形容詞)
He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜歡數(shù)學(xué)甚于喜歡物理。(動詞)
Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals.小麥、燕麥等等皆系谷類。(名詞)
2、根據(jù)上下文聯(lián)系以及詞在句中的搭配關(guān)系來選擇和確定詞義。
He is the last man to come.他是最后來的。
He is the last person for such a job.他最不配干這個工作。
He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不該怪他。
This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么也沒料到會在這個地方見到你。
詞義引申是我們英譯漢時常用的技巧之一。翻譯時，有時會遇到某些詞在英語辭典上找不到適當(dāng)?shù)脑~義，如果任意硬套或逐詞死譯，就會使譯文生硬晦澀，不能確切表達原意，甚至?xí)斐烧`解。這時就應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文和邏輯關(guān)系，從該詞的根本含義出發(fā)，進一步加以引申，引申時，往往可以從三個方面來加以考慮。
1、詞義轉(zhuǎn)譯。當(dāng)我們遇到一些無法直譯或不宜直譯的詞或詞組時，應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文和邏輯關(guān)系，引申轉(zhuǎn)譯。
The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat.太陽能主要以光和熱的形式傳到地球。
2、詞義具體化。根據(jù)漢語的表達習(xí)慣，把原文中某些詞義較籠統(tǒng)的詞引申為詞義較具體的詞。
The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一級火箭升得更高，把“阿波羅號”送進圍繞地球運行的軌道。
3、詞義抽象化。根據(jù)漢語的表達習(xí)慣，把原文中某些詞義較具體的詞引申為詞義較抽象的詞，或把詞義較形象的詞引申為詞義較一般的詞。
Every life has its roses and thorns.每個人的生活都有甜有苦。
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